Q960E超高强钢焊接接头组织和性能研究

目的 对Q960E超高强钢的焊接工艺进行研究以获得高强高韧的焊接接头。方法 选择超高强钢Q960E作为母材、FK1000ER120S–G焊丝作为填充材料进行MAG焊,采用改变焊接电流的方式来研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果 当焊接电流为155~230 A时,均获得了全焊透无明显缺陷的焊缝。随着焊接热输入的增大,焊接接头中各亚区宽度增大,其中焊缝区变化最为显著,在最小热输入条件下焊缝宽度为3.98 mm,在最大热输入条件下焊缝宽度增至5.53 mm。对焊接接头进行组织分析发现,焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和板条马氏体;完全相变区组织主要为板条马氏体;未完全相变区组织主要为回火马氏体和部分重结晶形成的马氏体。硬度测试表明,在热影响区的回火区发生了软化现象,最低硬度仅为290HV;在完全相变区发生了硬化现象,硬度最大值可达500HV。在不同热输入条件下,焊接接头各亚区硬度变化趋势一致,焊接接头抗拉强度为995~1 076 MPa,拉伸试验均断裂在热影响区,断后伸长率为9.33%~10.21%,断裂时存在颈缩现象,为韧性断裂。随着热输入的增加,粗晶区马氏体板条束宽度增大,未完全相变区马氏体含量上升。结论 在所选焊接工艺窗口内焊接均能获得高强高韧的焊接接头。     

一种铜沉淀强化铁素体钢焊接热影响区性能研究

通过Gleeble热模拟试验,研究了一种低碳铜沉淀纳米相强化铁素体钢焊接热影响区组织及性能,测试了试验钢粗晶区焊接CCT曲线。结果表明,试验钢焊接粗晶区组织主要为贝氏体,其它区域均为铁素体;铜沉淀纳米强化相随热循环不同而发生不同演变,从而引起热影响区性能变化。试验钢粗晶区冲击功及硬度与基体相当,细晶区、临界区及亚临界区冲击功均高于基体,有一定软化现象。在试验t8/5范围内,试验钢粗晶区对焊接热输入较为敏感,随t8/5的增加,组织粗化,并产生较多的粒状贝氏体组织,冲击功降低明显。     

车用TRIP590钢光纤激光焊接接头组织与性能研究

为了促进先进高强钢激光焊接技术的发展,采用光纤激光器对1.5mm厚的TRIP590钢板进行焊接,对焊接接头的微观组织、硬度以及拉伸性能进行了研究,分析了焊接速度对组织、性能的影响。结果表明:焊缝组织主要为板条状马氏体,热影响区可分为完全淬火区和不完全淬火区。焊接接头硬度分布不均匀,在热影响区或焊缝处硬度最高。随着焊接速度提高,热影响区马氏体含量增多,贝氏体含量减少,热影响区和焊缝组织变得细小。焊接速度为3~5m/min时,拉伸试样均断裂在母材,断后延伸率均超过30%,随着焊接速度提高,断后延伸率也有所提高,强塑积(PSE)均在20000MPa%以上,拉伸变形过程中相变诱发效应显著,大部分残余奥氏体转变为马氏体,在提高材料塑性的同时也提高了强度,实现了高强度和高塑性的统一。     

高强钢焊接接头显微组织的研究进展

综述了热输入、合金元素、冷却速率和应变速率对高强钢焊接接头显微组织的影响和高温共聚焦显微镜原位观察高强钢显微组织的最新研究进展,总结了高强钢焊接接头粗晶热影响区显微组织的转变机理。结果表明:通过延长冷却时间、减少热输入量、控制合金元素的含量和采用预处理提高应变速率等方法,可以调控高强钢焊接接头显微组织中马氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体的含量达到最佳比例,从而优化高强钢焊接接头的力学性能。通过高温共聚焦显微镜可以观察到高强钢相变的动态过程,从而得出高强钢的相变原理,为高强钢焊接工艺的制定提供指导。     

20Cr钢与B级钢焊接接头的组织和性能

采用低温冲击试验、拉伸试验、硬度试验以及金相分析等方法对ER50-6焊丝气体保护焊焊接20Cr钢与B级钢焊接接头的显微组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明,用ERS0-6焊丝气体保护焊焊接20Cr钢和B级钢可获得性能良好的焊接接头,其接头的强度不低于B级钢.焊缝组织为网状分布的先共析铁素体及少量无碳贝氏体;20Cr钢侧近缝区有无碳贝氏体及少量板条马氏体;在B级钢侧热影响区的块状铁素体基体上有少量粒状贝氏体.     

高强度钢QP980激光焊接头的微观组织与力学性能

为解决高强度钢QP980在汽车轻量化应用方面存在的成分偏析、淬硬脆化和氢致开裂等焊接问题,开展了QP980钢激光焊接研究,对1.2mm厚QP980钢进行焊接试验,并利用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、万能试验机和显微硬度计等手段,研究工艺参数对QP980钢激光焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。在所选焊接工艺参数下均获得了全焊透及表面成形良好的接头; QP980钢激光焊接头的横截面宏观形貌呈现“沙漏型”,接头可分为焊缝区、粗晶区、细晶区、临界热影响区、亚临界热影响区和母材区;不同工艺参数下接头的焊缝及部分热影响区的硬度均高于母材,且硬度最高值出现在细晶区,在焊缝的两端都存在一个软化区,随着热输入的增加,焊缝及热影响区的宽度变大,软化区也更加远离焊缝中心;不同工艺参数下接头的抗拉强度都能达到母材的强度,屈服强度均高于母材,而接头的伸长率都低于母材,说明在所选焊接工艺参数下,均获得了性能良好的焊接接头。     

热输入对Q1100钢焊接接头低温韧性及耐蚀性能的影响

采用10 kJ/cm和15 kJ/cm两种焊接热输入对Q1100超高强钢进行熔化极气体保护焊,研究焊接接头的组织性能及局部腐蚀行为。结果表明：两种热输入焊接接头的焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体,粗晶区组织均为板条贝氏体,细晶区组织均为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,临界相变区组织为多边形铁素体、马奥岛和碳化物的混合组织。两种热输入焊接接头中电荷转移电阻均为母材>热影响区>焊缝区,母材耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝区耐蚀性最差。在腐蚀过程中,焊缝区作为阳极最先被腐蚀,当腐蚀一定时间后,腐蚀位置发生改变,阳极腐蚀区域转移到母材区,而焊缝区作为阴极得到保护。热输入为10 kJ/cm时,焊接接头具有更好的低温韧性和耐蚀性,其焊缝和热影响区-40℃冲击功分别为46.5 J和30.2 J。     

石油储罐钢焊接热影响区模拟研究

采用焊接热模拟技术,研究不同焊接热输入条件下焊接热循环对石油储罐钢焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)的组织和性能的影响.结果表明:实验钢在80～100kJ/cm的大热输入下,热影响区仍能够保持良好的低温韧性;随着焊接热输入的增加,实验钢CGHAZ组织变粗大,低温冲击功下降;钢中弥散分布着大量细小TiN粒子,在焊接热循环中...     

30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235异种钢焊接接头组织与性能分析

目的探讨30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235异种钢焊接接头的组织与性能。方法采用手工电弧焊对两者进行焊接,为了获得性能良好的焊接接头,焊前对其进行焊前预热,焊后对其进行焊后退火。通过X射线探伤检测,拉伸、冲击试验,显微硬度检测及光学显微镜金相分析等一系列工艺试验,对焊接接头进行研究。结果焊缝质量等级达到Ⅰ级;焊缝组织为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体、珠光体组织;30CrMnSiNi2A侧热影响区组织为回火索氏体,粗晶区组织片层厚度大于细晶区组织片层厚度;Q235侧热影响区由不完全重结晶区、细晶区、粗晶区组成。结论 30CrMnSiNi2A与Q235钢焊接后,获得了工艺性、力学性能良好的接头,可运用于2种材料焊接的实际生产。     

超细晶Q460高强钢焊接接头组织与韧性研究

采用手工焊条电弧焊和熔化极活性气体保护焊对超细晶Q460钢进行了焊接,分析表征了焊接接头的组织结构、显微硬度和冲击韧性的变化规律。研究结果表明,采用E5515焊条焊接,焊缝金属主要为先共析铁素体、多边形铁素体与少量珠光体。采用ER55-G焊丝,熔化极活性气体保护焊,焊缝金属主要由针状铁素体和少量多边形铁素体组成,焊丝中Ti元素的添加有利于获得针状铁素体组织。采用较小的焊接线能量,超细晶Q460钢热影响区粗晶区组织为粒状贝氏体组织。焊缝金属的显微硬度高于热影响区和母材的显微硬度,热影响区未出现软化现象。冲击试验表明,焊缝金属和热影响区均具有较高的冲击韧性,而且热影响区的韧性高于焊缝金属的韧性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.