水平管外沸腾强化换热的数值模拟与场协同分析

应用FLUENT软件对制冷剂R134a在光管和横纹槽管水平管外沸腾传热进行三维数值模拟,得到其饱和泡状沸腾过程中体积含气率的分布规律,并比较它们的换热系数。结果表明横纹槽管外侧能够很好地强化沸腾传热。此外,还通过改变边界条件分析质量流量、热流密度的变化对横纹槽管管外沸腾换热系数的影响。最后应用场协同理论,从局部换热角度分析其强化机制。研究表明,横纹槽管水平管外沸腾换热得到强化的原因是其凹槽前后的速度场与温度梯度场之间夹角较小,协同程度更好。     

Unsteady MHD forced flow due to a point sink

Summary An analysis is performed to study the unsteady laminar incompressible boundary-layer flow of an electrically conducting fluid in a cone due to a point sink with an applied magnetic field. The unsteadiness in the flow is considered for two types of motion, viz. the motion arising due to the free stream velocity varying continuously with time and the transient motion occurring due to an impulsive change either in the strength of the point sink or in the wall temperature. The partial differential equations governing the flow have been solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme in combination with the quasilinearization technique. The magnetic field increases the skin friction but reduces heat transfer. The heat transfer and temperature field are strongly influenced by the viscous dissipation and Prandtl number. The velocity field is more affected at the early stage of the transient motion, caused by an impulsive change in the strength of the point sink, as compared to the temperature field. When the transient motion is caused by a sudden change in the wall temperature, both skin friction and heat transfer take more time to reach a new steady state. The transient nature of the flow and heat transfer is active for a short time in the case of suction and for a long time in the case of injection. The viscous dissipation prolongs the transient behavior of the flow.     

基于场协同理论的冷藏展示柜内流体对流换热分析

目的研究冷藏柜内对流换热机理,增强冷藏柜内流体对流换热效果,提高冷气流冷却效率。方法从冷藏柜出风口角度出发,建立数学模型,通过Ansys流体分析软件对冷藏柜内流场进行模拟仿真,应用场协同理论研究冷藏柜内流体流动及传热机理。结果出风口角度在30°附近时冷藏柜内换热效率较高且温度分布较为均匀,此时商品壁面的存在改变了冷气流流动方向。在壁面增加半圆突起后,气流沿圆弧切线方向流动,改善了速度与温度梯度之间的协同程度,从速度场、温度场及其相互作用的角度增强了冷藏柜内的对流换热效果,整体换热效率提高了38.65%。结论冷藏柜内流体流动及传热强化的根本在于流体的扰动,而出风口角度的改变和壁面凸起的存在加强了商品对流体的扰动,两者共同作用改变了冷藏柜内场的分布,进而提高了冷藏柜整体的冷藏效率,该研究可为冷藏柜的工厂化生产提供参考价值。     

场协同原理在强化换热器传热中的应用与分析

以提高翅片管式换热器的换热性能为研究对象,根据场协同原理（在相同的速度和温度边界条件下,对流换热的性能取决于流体速度场与热流场协同的程度）,将换热器的基管由圆管改为椭圆管来提高换热器的换热性能。计算结果表明,其换热系数提高15％,阻力系数降低18％,对强化换热器的热力性能有一定的参考价值。     

整体翅片式微通道换热器的数值模拟

采用CFD数值模拟的方法,对整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧的流动与传热特性进行研究,用场协同的原理分析翅片参数(长度、高度、间距)对换热器性能的影响,并与传统微通道换热器空气侧性能进行对比。结果表明:在考查的翅片尺寸范围内,随着翅片长度的缩短、高度的增加、间距的减小,温度场和速度场的协同性随之改善,有利于换热效果的提高;与传统的微通道换热器相比,整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧换热性能变差,但是阻力大大降低,总体性能有所改善。     

蜂窝板换热器内部流动传热特性研究

建立了蜂窝板换热器湍流流动的物理数学模型,并应用数值分析方法模拟了蜂窝板换热器的三维流动传热过程;分析了不同雷诺数下通道内流动阻力和换热性能及其随雷诺数的变化规律,并与相同当量直径的平行平板通道的流动换热性能进行了对比。结果表明,蜂窝板换热器在换热系数提高的同时流动阻力也增大了,在雷诺数Re=3000~15000的范围内,其传热努塞尔数比平行平板增大了0.93~2.12倍,阻力系数增大了2.24~2.35倍。最后从场协同理论的角度分析了蜂窝板强化传热的机理。     

跨临界CO2气冷器火积耗散分析

跨临界CO2系统已成为热泵及空调领域的研究热点,本文以CO2气冷器为研究对象,管内外两种流体因温差传热与流动阻力引起系统火积耗散,通过建立的CO2气冷器跨临界区二维分布参数模型求解系统火积耗散数 。分析系统火积耗散数产生的主要原因及沿程分布,讨论CO2、水入口状态参数对系统火积耗散数的影响。结果表明系统火积耗散数主要由温差传热引起,温差越大,系统火积耗散数越大。各微元段火积耗散数与CO2温降幅度呈反比关系,在临界点 达到最大值。随着CO2质量流率、压力的增大,系统火积耗散数逐渐增大;随着水质量流量的增大,系统火积耗散数逐渐减小,减小幅度随着压力的增大而减小。系统火积耗散数随着CO2入口温度的增大而减小,CO2入口温度越大,减小幅度逐渐降低。水入口温度对系统火积耗散数的影响非常小。     

电磁式发动机水冷系统流固耦合传热研究

针对电磁式发动机电磁线圈由工作温度过高导致其内阻过大、发动机工作效率降低的问题,应用流固耦合传热理论对发动机水冷系统的传热性能进行研究。以电磁式发动机水冷系统流场和固场为研究对象,建立流固耦合传热的数学模型;利用UG （Unigraphics）软件建立水冷系统流固耦合模型,对水冷系统的流场和温度场分布进行仿真分析。结果表明：水冷系统死角区域内的流体会使周围流体的运动阻力加大,流速变小;冷却水套材质采用导热性较好的铝合金,可提高无流区的散热能力;水套进出口采用对角结构设计,可使水冷系统热量吸收较均匀。根据汽车行业相关标准进行温升实验,测量水冷系统各关键部位的温度,测得进水口处的温度为26.4 ℃,出水口处的最高温度为46.7 ℃,表明冷却系统设计合理,具有较好的传热降温作用。所设计的电磁式发动机水冷系统在新能源汽车领域具有较广的应用前景。     

基于昆虫翅脉仿生流道的数控机床主轴系统冷却结构热设计

主轴系统的热误差是影响数控机床加工精度的主要因素。根据自然界昆虫的翅脉结构,设计了一种基于鳞翅目昆虫翅脉仿生流道的新型主轴系统冷却结构。建立了昆虫翅脉仿生流道冷却结构模型,在数值传热学相关理论基础上,通过Fluent有限元软件对传统螺旋形流道和新型昆虫翅脉仿生流道冷却结构进行流固耦合仿真对比分析,结果显示后者比前者具有更好的散热效果和流动特性：在相同边界条件下,冷却液最大流速约为1.839 m/s,出入口压降为3 181 Pa,加热面最高温度降低了约17.8%、最低温度降低了约4.6%,且冷却结构的温度场分布更均匀。研究结果可为数控机床主轴系统冷却结构的热设计提供参考。     

多孔泡沫材料强化传热特性及场协同分析

实际生产生活中使用到的多孔泡沫材料通常都是非均质的,文章建立了多孔泡沫材料均质与非均质模型,结合场协同理论,从速度与温度梯度矢量的协同关系出发,分析了多孔泡沫材料内部单相流体对流强化换热的物理机制,研究了孔隙率、孔密度以及空气流速对流体顺流方向协同性能的影响。研究表明:场协同原理适用于分析多孔泡沫材料的强化传热机制;多孔泡沫材料孔隙中心与骨架后缘处的协同程度最好,骨架侧缘协同程度最差(协同角接近90°);非均质多孔泡沫材料孔壁附近协同程度较差,相同条件下全场平均场协同角比均质泡沫大;多孔泡沫材料越均匀全场协同情况越好,在相同流速、孔隙率和孔密度下,均质泡沫材料全场平均协同角余弦值可达非均质泡沫的1.2倍。计算结果表明,空气流速为3m/s时,孔隙率为0.8、0.85和0.9的多孔泡沫材料强化传热强度分别是普通平直翅片的3.3倍、1.9倍和1.2倍。该研究对新型散热器设计具有指导意义。     

管带式水冷散热器的换热性能研究

本文对管带式水冷散热器的换热性能进行数值模拟研究并通过实验进行验证,以求提高换热器换热性能。建立模型分别从管带式百叶窗、扁管翅片单元进行全面的性能分析。其中对管带式散热器百叶窗的开窗角度进行了分析,结果表明:管带式散热器的百叶窗开角在23°~27°之间的散热效果最佳,提出并通过数值模拟验证了一种优化翅片结构的方案,与传统结构对比,散热效果有明显提高。搭建实验台并设计正交试验,研究了不同因素对散热器整体散热效果的影响程度。在本实验研究的范围下,通过多组实验数据分析得出,进口水温、循环水流量、风扇转速3种因素对散热器散热量的影响程度为:进口水温>循环水流量>风扇转速。     

强化辐射对工业炉内传热过程影响的耦合模拟

该文以乙烯裂解炉为例研究强化辐射对工业加热炉内传热过程的影响,应用计算流体力学方法对裂解炉辐射室内的传热过程进行了耦合数值模拟,得到了裂解炉炉膛内烟气的流场、燃料燃烧和烟气温度场。计算模型中,采用了标准k-ε湍流模型,漩涡耗散/有限速率燃烧反应模型和离散传递辐射模型等计算模型。结果表明,在保持燃料量不变的情况下,通过安装热辐射元件强化炉壁的辐射传热,可以显著提高炉膛烟气的平均温度和传热效率;在保持炉管内介质吸热量不变的条件下,强化炉壁的辐射传热后可以减少10%的燃料量。     

复合材料点阵夹芯结构的换热特性

采用FLUENT软件模拟了受一恒定温度载荷的复合材料点阵夹芯结构在辅助流体强制对流作用下的热行为和热传输特性。对流体的压力场、速度场、温度场等场分布规律及特征进行了分析, 详细地阐述了点阵夹芯结构本身的构型对胞元内近壁流动和热传输类型的影响。采用雷诺数Re、努塞尔数Nu、压降损失系数K_Cell三个以胞元特征长度为度量的无量纲参数对结构的换热性能进行了表征与评价; 并引入温度最小渗透率、最大渗透率和水平渗透率的概念, 更加直观地表征结构的换热性能。结果表明, 强制对流下结构的换热性能明显提高, 有利于其轻质多功能化的实现。      

Unsteady two-dimensional and axisymmetric MHD boundary-layer flows

Summary Nonsimilar solution of the unsteady laminar incompressible magneto-hydrodynamic boundary layer flow and heat transfer for an electrically conducting fluid over two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies in the presence of an applied magnetic field has been obtained. The effects of surface mass transfer, Joule heating and viscous dissipation are included in the analysis. Numerical computation have been carried out for the flow over a circular cylinder and a sphere using an implicit finite difference scheme in combination with a quasi-linearization technique. It is observed that magnetic field and suction cause the location of vanishing skin friction to move downstream while, the effect of injection is just the opposite. The effect of magnetic field on the skin friction is more pronounced as compared to its effect on the heat transfer. On the other hand, the heat transfer is strongly affected by the viscous dissipation and the effect is more for larte times. However, heat transfer responds comparatively less to the fluctuations of the free stream than the skin friction.     

Analysis of slip flow heat transfer between two unsymmetrically heated parallel plates with viscous dissipation

This paper presents an analytical investigation to study the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in the slip flow region for hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed flow between parallel plates. Both upper and lower plates are subjected to asymmetric heat flux boundary conditions. The effect of first order velocity slip, temperature jump, asymmetric heat flux ratio and viscous dissipation on the heat transfer performance is analyzed. Closed form expressions are obtained for the temperature distribution and Nusselt number. Present predictions are verified for the cases that neglect the viscous heating and microscale effects. The effect of asymmetric heat flux ratio with and without viscous dissipation on Nusselt number for both macroscale and microscale is highlighted. The heat transfer characteristics are found to depend on various modeling parameters, namely, modified Brinkman number, Knudsen number and heat flux ratio.     

大功率LED封装基板研究进展

随着大功率LED向高电流密度、高光通量发展,热流密度猛增使得LED散热问题日益严重。封装基板对LED的散热至关重要。在简介LED的封装结构及散热方式的基础上,分析总结了常见封装基板材料的性能参数,并对目前市场常见封装基板MCPCB、DBC、DAB、DPC、LTCC、HTCC、Al/SiC以及最近出现的新型材料基板的特征、制造工艺、应用等进行了综述。     

嵌埋陶瓷基板散热的热阻问题分析

基于热电分离式设计理念,首先将表面经金属化处理且具备高导热率的AlN陶瓷片局部嵌入导热率较低的FR4材料中,利用压合工艺将二者复合制备成用于LED散热管理的嵌埋陶瓷基板;然后借助SMT工艺将LED灯珠与上述散热基板组装成LED模组;最后利用结温测试仪以及恒温控制系统对不同AlN尺寸及不同功率LED的上述模组进行了结温测试,并依据结温测试结果对上述嵌埋陶瓷基板的散热能力进行了对比研究。结果表明,当LED功率一定时,随着AlN陶瓷片尺寸不断加大,嵌埋陶瓷的扩散热阻及一维热阻均随之减小,从而致使基板总热阻呈现出下降趋势,LED的结温也因此而随之降低。而随着LED功率不断增加,嵌埋同一尺寸AlN陶瓷片的散热基板因一维热阻保持不变,扩散热阻不断增加,从而导致基板的总热阻也不断增加。     

Optimized thermal design of new reflex LED headlamp

This paper focuses on the heat dissipation efficiency issues in LED headlamps. The cooling structure is designed and built in Ansys-icepak software based on computational fluid dynamics. During optimized simulation of a single model, geometric parameters, maximum temperature, and thermal resistance are taken as variables, constraint, and objective, respectively. In the case of 85?°C, the optimized model has mass of 0.28?kg, maximum temperature rise of 12.52?°C, and thermal resistance of 1.03?°C/W. During the design of the headlamp, air inlet and outlet are arranged, respectively, taking advantage of airflow generated from the moving auto. The maximum temperature rise is 6.5?°C lower than that in closed case at the speed of 2 m/s.     

地热对井系统裂隙岩体三维渗流传热耦合的等效模拟方法

研究地热对井系统中的裂隙岩体渗流传热问题对于开采深层地热能和发展可再生清洁能源利用技术具有重要价值。基于渗流传热耦合理论和离散裂隙网络模型,提出了裂隙岩体三维热流耦合的等效模拟方法:考虑由岩块基质及复杂离散裂隙网络组成的双重介质,采用无厚度单元模拟裂隙、线单元模拟对井,通过裂隙、对井和岩块三者之间的流量和热量交换实现渗流和传热过程耦合分析。通过与解析方法和精细模拟方法相比较,验证了等效模拟方法的有效性;并将其应用于含大规模裂隙岩体地热对井系统热采过程的数值模拟,获取了储层内温度场的分布规律,评价了裂隙开度对储层平均温度和整体开采率的影响。结果表明:该文方法能够对裂隙及井筒中的渗流传热行为进行细致模拟,在保证精度的前提下,可大幅减小计算量和计算时长;裂隙网络的非均匀及各向异性分布导致岩体温度场分布呈现高度不均匀性,反映了热流耦合的早期热突破和长尾效应等特点;裂隙内水的对流传热作用明显,冷锋面沿储层内的主要贯通裂隙网络移动,裂隙开度是影响岩体温度场分布的重要因素。     

Predicting local surface heat transfer coefficients by different turbulent k-ε models to simulate heat and moisture transfer during air-blast chilling

A numerical investigation using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is carried out to predict the turbulent flow field, and heat and moisture transfer in a three-dimensional air-blast chiller with cooked meats of cylindrical and elliptical shapes. Three turbulent models [standard, low Reynolds number (LRN) and RNG k-ε model] have been used in these simulations. Based on local heat transfer coefficients on the surface of the meat calculated by CFD code, the unsteady heat and mass transfer were simulated which took into account of the effects of conduction within the meat, forced and natural convection, radiation and moisture evaporation on the surface of the cooked meat joint. The model allowed the simultaneous CFD prediction of both temperature distribution and weight loss of the meat throughout the chilling process. Good agreement with experimental results was obtained. The effect of using different models on the accuracy of the simulation of local heat transfer coefficient is presented.