物联网技术在我国水产养殖上的应用发展对策

本文通过对我国水产养殖物联网技术应用现状和存在问题的分析,提出了发展水产养殖物联网应用的关键技术和政策建议。我国水产养殖物联网技术目前主要应用于养殖水环境监控、养殖区域管理监控、养殖动物生长状况监控以及养殖产品储运、加工环节监控等方面。面临的主要问题有:水产养殖业相当程度上还处于粗放型的生产阶段,不能适应现代化水产养殖生产的要求;物联网设备技术还不太可靠,行业标准尚不统一;资金投入大,成本高等问题。发展水产养殖物联网应解决的关键技术有:精准养殖环境感知技术,精准养殖模拟技术,精准养殖设备智能控制技术,精准养殖管理技术,精准养殖规模化生产集成技术等。建议政府有关部门要制定我国水产养殖物联网发展规划,全面布局;提升水产养殖信息化水平,优化水产养殖物联网应用环境;设立精准水产养殖环境感知技术研发项目;加强水产养殖物联网示范项目建设;加大政府推动水产养殖物联网产业化发展的作用。     

水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展战略研究

发展可持续的水产养殖对于保障水产品供给、改善膳食结构、促进农民增收等方面具有重要意义。本文系统阐述了水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展战略研究的意义,分析了国内外水产养殖业的发展现状,结合国内外水产生态养殖与新养殖模式发展的经验以及我国面临的主要问题,提出了我国水产养殖业高效、可持续发展的关键技术和对策建议。     

环境友好型水产养殖业发展战略

本项研究在总结我国水产养殖业发展主要经验基础上,论述了进一步发展水产养殖业的战略意义。在绿色、低碳和碳汇渔业发展新理念引导下,提出环境友好型水产养殖业发展战略,主要包括:推动水产养殖业现代化发展的"养护、拓展和高技术"三大发展战略;实现水产养殖业"高效、优质、生态、健康、安全"可持续发展的任务目标;近期需着力构建的现代水产养殖业创新发展体系的重点任务等。针对目前产业存在的问题和发展需求,提出重视水产养殖对发展空间的需求、建立养殖水域容纳量评估制度、发展生态系统水平的新型养殖生产模式、实施养殖装备提升工程、加强水产养殖管理与执法能力建设等对策建议。     

水产养殖规划现状与解决措施

随着水产养殖行业的发展,水产养殖对环境的影响越来越受到社会的关注,水产养殖规划是针对水资源利用的制度,对水产养殖业和环境的和谐发展有重要的作用。虽然国家农业部对水产养殖规划制定了一些制度,但针对水域范围的不同进行的规划较少,在水产养殖规划方面也缺乏研究和评价,不利于生态环境的可持续发展。本文分析了水产养殖规划的现状,并针对存在的问题提出了解决现状的措施,希望能对水厂养殖规划提供帮助。     

水库生态渔业养殖问题探讨

新形势下水库渔业如何健康发展？必须要找准发展的方向,那种大量投施肥料、投喂饲料破坏水库水体环境的作法肯定是行不通的是要禁止的,那种放任自流不加重视,忽视水产养殖的作法也是不可取的。适度的水产养殖是对水库水体环境的一种净化,当前适度的水产养殖也是保护水质环境的一种重要的有效举措。同时水库水体环境进行修复后,优质的水体资源,可生产出优质鱼类,为人们提供健康的、生态的、所需的鱼产品。也是水库水利工程单位发展经济的一个补充。因此,水库渔业要有发展空间、要有定位、要找准发展方向。本文分析了水库生态渔业养殖问题。     

浅谈良好水产养殖规范管理与监控

良好水产养殖规范GAqPs(Good Aquaculture Practices)是一种有效的优化水产养殖模式,适用于不同国家、养殖场,是一个具有食品安全预防性的项目,能提高水产养殖企业日常管理水平,实现可持续发展,在改善公众健康状况、员工安全及环境保护方面,起着很大作用。良好水产养殖规范涉及养殖水产品安全生产、处理、储存和运输环节安全等多个方面。笔者通过所在单位日常管理多个环节的应用实践,引发出对良好水产养殖规范探索的思考。     

水产养殖设施与深水养殖平台工程发展战略

设施与装备是我国发展环境友好型养殖业的重要保障。要坚持生态优先、绿色发展的理念,转变过去粗放型养殖生产方式,就必须大力开展设施装备技术研究,努力提高我国装备技术水平。只有这样,才能促进我国水产养殖业健康持续地发展。本文重点介绍了我国水产养殖装备设施应用现状、发展水产养殖工程面临的主要问题和发展水产养殖工程应用的关键技术,并提出了对策建议,以期为今后的设施与装备的研发提供借鉴。     

新时期对淡水养殖若干要点的思考

笔者经过多年的水产养殖的经验，提出了几个要点，分别从水产养殖节能减排、鱼种培育和对水产养殖的新品种的发展进行研究。     

水产生物技术发展战略研究

本文从水产养殖生物基因组测序、遗传连锁图谱绘制、重要经济性状相关分子标记/基因筛选、基因组编辑、基因组选择以及细胞培养与种质冷冻保存等方面综合介绍了水产生物技术的发展现状,并深入分析了水产生物技术研究中存在的主要问题,诸如基因功能分析平台不完善,抗病与性控育种技术研究滞后,基因组编辑与全基因组选择技术刚刚起步等。同时,围绕上述主要问题,提出了水产生物技术亟待突破的关键技术,并建议"十三五"期间设立重点研究计划专项,深入开展水产动物基因组资源开发与利用、重要经济性状遗传解析以及水产生物信息大数据平台构建等。     

浅谈提高水产养殖经济效益的措施

介绍了提高水产养殖经济效益的措施，如大力发展特种水产养殖、全面发展规模养殖、均衡水产品上市时段、全面推广网箱养殖、采取措施降低生产成本，以为推动当地淡水养殖产业健康、快速发展提供参考。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.