冠状动脉血管阻抗估计系统及其临床应用

利用PC机和图像、信号采集设备，建立冠状动脉血管阻抗的估计系统。该系统从血管内超声和血压检测仪器采集冠状动脉内的超声图像、血流多普勒和血压信号，通过提取管腔的截面积曲线和流速信息，获取血流量曲线。结合血压曲线，计算冠状动脉的等效阻抗。系统对不同程度冠脉狭窄、心肌架桥和微循环障碍病人进行临床应用，结果表明：血管阻抗可以反映血管供血和扩张能力与不同类型、程度病症间的关系，有望用于医学临床的辅助诊断。     

单边狭窄血管中超声多普勒信号的仿真研究

超声多普勒技术作为一种无损检测手段被广泛应用于血管狭窄的检测。以往的血管狭窄仿真信号的研究仅限于双边狭窄的对称情况,文章提出了一种单边狭窄血管中超声多普勒信号的仿真方法。首先用有限元分析方法(FEM)计算出狭窄血管中血流流速场分布情况,然后用总体分布非参数估计法计算出超声多普勒信号的功率谱密度(PSD),再用余弦叠加法获取仿真的超声多普勒时域信号。用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)计算仿真超声多普勒信号的频谱,从中计算最大频率、平均频率和频谱宽度等参数,分析它们在不同流速和狭窄程度下的特征,为血管疾病的诊断提供敏感的参数。     

利用正交相位法提取双向性血流的一种补偿方法

正交相位法是超声多普勒技术中提取双向性血流信息的一种重要方法。由于正交信号对之间通常存在幅度和相位的不平衡，从而导致了正、反血流信息的混淆，影响了平均频率，最大的估计和声谱图的正确显示，本文提出的补偿方法，让其中一个正交信号通过按一定要求设计的线性滤波器，从而得到幅度和相位基本平衡的正交信号对，提高了超声多普勒系统提取双向性血流的性能。     

一种血流声谱仪中波形自动分类决策的方法

本文阐述了一种在血流多普勒中实现波形自动决策的方法，通过计算多普勒信号的最大频率先自动提取声谱图的包络，对其进行分段，平均，归一等处理得到待分类决策的波形，与由临床资料建立的标准波形组进行比较，根据一定的判据将波形分类，最后与临床生理对照得出是否存在疾病的诊断。文中还介绍了实现这种方法的彩色编码声谱仪系统的结构框图。     

血栓多普勒信号的多参数提取及分类

血栓的准确检测可以用于早期脑血管疾病的诊断，超声多普勒是一种无损的血栓检测技术。文章使用三种信号处理方法：传统的声谱分析法、小波分析法、renyi信息量分析法对血栓多普勒信号进行分析，提取出相应的特征参数，然后对敏感的特征参数采用反向传输(Back-Propagation，简称BP)神经网络进行分类，建立起血栓、干扰噪声和正常血流信号的自动判别系统。通过对300例仿真多普勒信号和163例临床采集的大脑中动脉多普勒信号进行分析，结果表明：本文建立的系统对血栓的检测率高于传统的方法，有望可用于血栓多普勒信号的自动检测。     

一种基于FPGA的高分辨率超声血流测速系统

0引言临床医学研究表明,血液的动力学参数能够直接反映血管的生理功能[1]。通过血流测量可以得到血流速度、血流量等参数,从而判定心脏机能,对心血管系统疾病进行早期诊断、确定血管疾病的治疗方案和评估效果。传统的多普勒血流测量系统采用模拟电路来实现对回波信号的检测,然后用计算机方法实现频     

浅论高频彩色多普勒超声检查对甲状腺结节的诊断价值

目的:分析高频彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺结节诊断中的临床价值。方法:对92例甲状腺结节患者展开高频彩超检查,分析检查结果。结果:经高频彩色多普勒超声检查可见结节性甲状腺肿52例,甲状腺癌13例,甲状腺瘤27例。通过高频彩超可清楚显示彩色血流信号,并可直接观察肿瘤内外的血管走行和分布情况,达到初步筛查良恶性肿瘤的目的。结论:高频彩色多普勒超出检查在甲状腺结节诊断中临床应用价值显著,值得临床推广。     

基于改进峰值搜索法的旋转机械瞬时频率估计

提出了一种用于提取转子瞬时频率的改进峰值搜索法,并将该方法应用于旋转机械阶比跟踪。改进的峰值搜索法将瞬时频率中相邻两点一阶导数的差值作为搜索峰值是否合理的判别条件,避免了传统峰值搜索法在干扰信号作用下提取到的虚假峰值,提高了瞬时频率的估计精度。仿真实验表明,改进的峰值搜索法能够降低干扰信号对瞬时频率提取的影响,效果优于传统的峰值搜索法。用该方法对实测转子升速振动信号进行阶比分析,取得了良好的效果。     

多普勒畸变声学信号的伪时频分析及其校正

位于运动轨迹旁的麦克风采集的运动声源信号存在多普勒畸变现象,这增加了信号分析的难度,特别对于高速列车道旁声学故障诊断工作。为了提高诊断的准确性和可靠性,提出了一种新的基于摩尔斯声学理论的多普勒信号伪时频分析,该分析给出了一种伪时频分布,对信号的时间中心和特征频率进行了有效估计,得到的参数用于信号重采样以校正其多普勒畸变,校正信号中能有效提取出信号中包含的故障信息。仿真信号和实验信号的分析结果表明,该方法能够用于提取多普勒畸变信号的参数,并加以校正,在道旁声学故障诊断中有较好的应用前景。     

列车轴承轨边声信号冲击成分提取

轨边声学检测是列车轴承故障检测的有效手段之一,然而轨边信号在多普勒效应的影响下产生的时频调制给传统的冲击成分提取方法带来了挑战。现有的等周期多普勒瞬态小波模型未考虑轴承在实际运行中的非纯滚动问题,因此存在提取误差。针对该问题,提出了一种单瞬态多普勒调制Laplace小波模型与冲击成分提取方法,可构建与轨边信号时频结构相匹配的单瞬态多普勒调制Laplace小波模型,利用相关滤波法从轨边信号中逐个提取冲击成分。与现有的等周期多普勒瞬态小波模型相比,识别精度更高,仿真和实验分析验证了该方法的有效性。该方法可用于列车轴承故障轨边定量诊断,具有良好的应用前景。     

一种多普勒宽容的多址波形

提出了一种具有多址特性、对多普勒宽容的主动波形．HFM-Costas波形。这种波形是通过将宽带双曲调频波形在时间上切分为子脉冲,再根据Costas阵列编码重新排列而成．它结合了Costas编码的多址特性和双曲调频信号的多普勒宽容性。这种波形适于采用相干．非相干混合接收机进行处理,接收机结构简单,计算量小,检测鲁棒性好。详细说明了这种波形的生成方法、相应混合接收机结构,并分析了该波形的主要特性。最后．通过湖上试验进行了验证。     

Denoising quadrature Doppler signals from bi-directional flow using the wavelet frame

A novel approach was proposed to denoise quadrature Doppler signals from bi-directional blood flow using the wavelet frame and a soft-thresholding algorithm. A direction separation step was carried out first to avoid the phase distortion of quadrature Doppler signals, which is induced from the nonlinear, soft-thresholding processing. Then real parts of separated complex signals from the unidirectional flow were denoised independently. The quadrature Doppler signals from the bi-directional flow were reconstructed from the denoised separated signals. The approach has been applied to the simulated Doppler signals from a femoral artery. It is concluded from the experimental results that this method is practical for denoising quadrature Doppler signals.     

Designing waveforms for temporal encoding using a frequency sampling method

In this paper a method for designing waveforms for temporal encoding in medical ultrasound imaging is described. The method is based on least squares optimization and is used to design nonlinear frequency modulated signals for synthetic transmit aperture imaging. By using the proposed design method, the amplitude spectrum of the transmitted waveform can be optimized, such that most of the energy is transmitted where the transducer has large amplification. To test the design method, a waveform was designed for a BK8804 linear array transducer. The resulting nonlinear frequency modulated waveform was compared to a linear frequency modulated signal with amplitude tapering, previously used in clinical studies for synthetic transmit aperture imaging. The latter had a relatively flat spectrum which implied that the waveform tried to excite all frequencies including ones with low amplification. The proposed waveform, on the other hand, was designed so that only frequencies where the transducer had a large amplification were excited. Hereby, unnecessary heating of the transducer could be avoided and the signal-to-noise ratio could be increased. The experimental ultrasound scanner RASMUS was used to evaluate the method experimentally. Due to the careful waveform design optimized for the transducer at hand, a theoretic gain in signal-to-noise ratio of 4.9 dB compared to the reference excitation was found, even though the energy of the nonlinear frequency modulated signal was 71% of the energy of the reference signal. This was supported by a signal-to-noise ratio measurement and comparison in penetration depth, where an increase of 1 cm was found in favor for the proposed waveform. Axial and lateral resolutions at full-width half-maximum were compared in a water phantom at depths of 42, 62, 82, and 102 mm. The axial resolutions of the nonlinear frequency modulated signal were 0.62, 0.69, 0.60, and 0.60 mm, respectively. The corresponding axial resolutions for the reference waveform were 0.58, 0.65, 0.62, and 0.60 mm, respectively. The compression properties of the matched filter (mismatched filter for the linear frequency modulated signal) were tested for both waveforms in simulation with respect to the Doppler frequency shift occurring when probing moving objects. It was concluded that the Doppler effect of moving targets does not significantly degrade the filtered output. Finally, in vivo measurements are shown for both methods, wherein the common carotid artery on a 27-year-old healthy male was scanned.     

超声多普勒信号平均频率估计方法的比较研究

本文介绍了一些常用的超声多谱勒信号平均频率估计法,并引入一种新的估计法：基于Teager算法的平均频率估计,然后分别对计算机模拟的多普勒信号和流速校刻系统的多普勒信号进行平均频率的估计和比较,给出了不同估计方法的优缺点和适用范围。     

Emboli detection using the Doppler ultrasound technique

Embolic detection is very important to the early diagnosis of vessel disease. The Doppler ultrasound technique is one of the common methods to detect the emboli non-invasively. When the emboli pass through the sample volume of the Doppler ultrasound instrument, there exist high intensity transient Doppler signals. Thus the emboli can be detected directly from the variation of Doppler signal amplitude. Since there may be some disturbance in the system, this general detection method has great limitation. To improve the accuracy of emboli auto-detection, several novel methods are studied to obtain the sensitive characteristic of the emboli signals using the new signal processing theories.     

基于EEMD和混沌的信号特征提取方法及应用

提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和混沌相结合的信号特征提取方法,应用于婴儿呼吸信号哮喘检测中。EEMD把呼吸的局部信号分解成一系列频率从高到低的模态分量,对各分量与局部呼吸信号进行相关分析,并给出各分量的Hilbert谱,通过局部分析的结果初步判断婴儿是否患有哮喘;然后,以EEMD局部信号检测出来的信号频率作为混沌振子检测的频率,对全局呼吸信号进行整体检测及分析,由混沌的间歇周期可以得出原始呼吸信号的频率,准确确定婴儿哮喘诊断结果。对EEMD和混沌算法的应用存在的问题进行了改进,将其应用到实测信号的分析中,验证了方法的有效性。该方法能够正确地反映信息特征,准确率高。     

High resolution processing techniques for ultrasound doppler velocimetry in the presence of colored noise. Part II: Multiplephase pipe-flow velocity measurement

For pt.I see ibid., vol.50, no.3, p.267-78 (2003). This paper presents an application of continuous wave ultrasound Doppler velocity measurements to two-phase flow in pipes. In many petroleum wells, the multiphase flow is separated into two phases: the first is a liquid phase and the second is a gas phase with small scatterers. The problem of multiphase velocity profile measurements has not been satisfactorily solved by classical approaches due to the multiphase nature of the fluid and the presence of colored noise, which introduces a significant bias in classical frequency estimators. We propose the use of resolution frequency techniques to overcome the classical limitations. Direct estimation of Doppler frequency then obtained using either time frequency maximum frequency or arguments of poles of the parametric model that identifies the Doppler part of the signal is discussed. The tests made with synthetic Doppler signals and two-phase flow have demonstrated the excellent performance of the high resolution techniques based on reassignment and parametric techniques.