超导磁体绝缘用玻璃纤维真空热处理前后性能研究

Nb_3Sn超导磁体需要长时间640℃真空热处理才能形成超导相,对不同超导磁体绝缘结构使用的国产耐辐照玻璃纤维、HS/6高强玻璃纤维、美国S-2高强玻璃纤维在640℃真空热处理前后分别进行真空压力浸渍(VPI),探究国产玻璃纤维在640℃真空热处理后能否达到美国S-2高强玻璃纤维性能,满足Nb3Sn超导磁体使用要求。测试其在室温下的拉伸、层间剪切强度,直流耐压击穿强度。真空热处理后,三种玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉伸、层间剪切强度都有大幅下降,HS/6高强玻璃纤维在热处理前后力学性能最好,保留率最高,满足使用要求;但HS/6高强玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的电气强度比S-2高强玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料电气强度至少低40%,不能满足使用要求,耐辐照玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料丧失绝缘性能。     

UV光固化玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA树脂复合材料的力学性能

设计了光热共引发环氧树脂-聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(EP-PBMA)树脂,并制备了UV光固化玻璃纤维布增强EP-PBMA树脂基复合材料,研究了不同EP与PBMA质量比的玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料在不同加载速率下的拉伸力学性能。结果表明: 玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料具有明显的应变率效应;随着加载速率增大,复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量呈增大趋势;EP-PBMA树脂基体的组成对应变率效应有明显的影响;玻璃纤维布/EP-PBMA复合材料与纯EP基复合材料相比,在较低的加载速率下具有更高的拉伸强度,但当加载速率达到50 mm/min时拉伸强度较低。     

SAG对长玻纤增强AS复合材料性能的影响

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物作为基体,苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,采用熔体浸渍工艺制备了长玻纤增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料。研究了不同苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强苯乙烯基-丙烯腈复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着相容剂含量的增加,长玻璃纤维增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料的机械力学和动态力学性能呈现先增大后降低的趋势;对长玻纤增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料的形态分析得出,添加相容剂后的玻璃纤维表面包覆了一层树脂。     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料防弹性能影响因素及破坏机制

以超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE)纤维、S-玻璃纤维、芳纶1414纤维和杂环芳纶纤维增强聚烯烃(Polyolefin,PO)和水性聚氨酯(Waterborne Polyurethane,WPU)树脂,采用热压工艺制备正交单向无纬(UD)结构复合材料装甲板;通过装甲板弹道极限速度测试,研究了纤维增强树脂基复合材料装甲板防弹性能的影响因素;通过体视显微镜观察装甲板侵彻破坏形貌,分析了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的破坏机制。结果表明:UHMWPE纤维增强PO树脂基复合材料的防弹性能与UHMWPE纤维的强度和模量呈正相关,但纤维模量对复合材料防弹性能的影响随着纤维模量的增大而逐渐变弱;在WPU树脂体系下,四种纤维的防弹性能由高到低依次是UHMWPE纤维、杂环芳纶纤维、芳纶1414纤维、S-玻璃纤维;纤维增强树脂基复合材料装甲板中纤维破坏方式有迎弹面纤维被剪切冲塞、中部被纤维拉伸变形后剪切、背弹面纤维被拉伸断裂,中部纤维拉伸变形是消耗子弹动能的主要方式。     

单向连续碳纤维-玻璃纤维层间混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能

为了研究连续单向纤维的层间混杂方式对复合材料力学性能及破坏方式的影响,采用碳纤维-玻璃纤维体积比为1∶1,以拉-挤成型法制备了具有不同层间混杂结构的连续单向纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料,并研究了不同层间混杂结构的连续单向碳纤维-玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的力学性能及破坏形式。结果表明：具有层间混杂结构的复合材料抗拉强度处于纯碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料和纯玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料之间,复合材料的拉伸断裂方式为劈裂;具有层间混杂结构的复合材料的层间剪切强度均优于纯碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料和纯玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,复合材料的剪切断裂方式为层间断裂。     

基于多尺度数值模型的复合材料各向异性热膨胀系数预测

依据复合材料内部纤维在基体内的排布规律及层合板铺层特性,基于多尺度方法,建立单层板和层合板代表性体积单元(RVE)模型,施加相应的边界条件,预测单层板的热膨胀系数和工程常数,进而预测复合材料层合板各向异性的等效热膨胀系数。通过与实验数据对比发现,基于正六边形单层板RVE模型预测的热膨胀系数,相比理论预测值,整体更接近实验值,其中预测的单向T300/5208碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料、P75/934碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料和C6000/Pi碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的横向热膨胀系数与实验结果的误差分别只有3%、1%和2%;采用单层板RVE预测的单向ECR/Derakane 510C玻璃纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂基复合材料的工程常数与实验值最大相差7.5%;层合板RVE模型预测的正交AS4/8552碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料厚度方向的热膨胀系数与实验结果误差可以忽略,只有0.08%。最后以大型复合结构常用的正交铺层结构为研究对象,基于给出的单层板和层合板RVE模型预测了不同铺层复合材料烟道层合板的等效热膨胀系数,环向铺层比例对厚度方向的热膨胀系数影响较小。      

相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

中等应变率下单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的剪切本构关系

采用真空辅助成型工艺制备单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基的[±45°]_8s复合材料试样,通过专用试验设备开展恒定应变率下的面内剪切性能研究,应变率范围为3×10^-4~128.4 s^-1。以Khan-Huang本构关系模型表达形式为基础,考虑应变率效应,建立了一种单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料在中等应变率下的剪切本构模型,通过最小二乘法和遗传算法获得了最优本构参数。结果表明,单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的剪切性能具有应变率敏感性,剪切强度随着应变率的提高逐渐增大,在128.4s^-1时极限强度提高了35.5%。建立的本构关系模型能够准确反映剪切性能与应变率的关系,可用于中等应变率条件下的剪切性能预测。     

玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的介电特性

本文介绍了玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料作为电介质材料的特点及影响因素。并介绍了低介电性能环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的研究现状以及PTFE、氰酸酯树脂等高性能透波复合材料的研究进展。     

刚体面内位移激光散斑测量研究

运用散斑统计理论,结合数字图像处理技术,设计了一套激光散斑测量刚体面内微小位移的实验系统,再利用刚体位移前后的散斑图像的互相关性,实现了刚体面内的位移测量.测量结果表明,针对刚体面内小于300μm的微小位移,x轴和y轴的绝对位移误差为±14μm,相对误差为±6.25%左右.     

Influence of the fiber/matrix strength on the mechanical properties of a glass fiber/thermoplastic-matrix plain weave fabric composite

In this work, we analyze the influence of different fiber surface treatments on the mechanical properties of plain weave composites. The reinforcement is a glass fibers fabric and the matrix is an acrylic polymer. Until very recently, this thermoplastic polymer family was not used in composite industry. It is therefore necessary to study if the existing fiber surface treatments are suitable for acrylic resins or if new ones have to be found. At the macroscale, composite materials corresponding to different fiber surface treatments were characterized with: (i) monotonic in-plane shear tests and (ii) heat-build up fatigue measurements on specimens with ±45° fiber orientations with respect to the tensile force. At the mesoscale (fabric scale), the development of damage was experimentally analyzed from (i) 3-D DIC (Digital Image Correlation) full-field strain measurements with spatial resolution smaller than the textile repeating unit and (ii) X-ray microtomography. We show that the analyzed composite materials exhibit linear viscoelastic behavior until a given stress threshold above which damage develops in the material. It was also found that the application on the fibers of a coupling agent specifically developed for promoting the bond between glass fibers and acrylic resins improves the composite mechanical properties, in particular the fatigue properties.     

玻纤增强聚合物/漂珠/水泥复合材料的研究

本文讨论了玻纤增强聚合物/漂珠/水泥复合体系的反应、微相结构和力学性能.通过SEM、XRD、TG、DTA和力学性能的测试发现:由于玻纤的增强作用和聚合物好的韧性与粘接性,可以显着地提高体系的抗弯强度.同时还发现聚合物能影响水泥的水化反应,降低体系游离氢氧化钙含量,起了减缓玻纤被腐蚀的作用,从而改善了复合材料的耐久性.      

Optical 3-dimensional measurements on a FRP beam tested at serviceability limit

Optical stereoscopic measurements were performed on a real size 14 m long fibre-reinforced polymer composite vehicular beam bridge submitted to four-point bending. The field of view was 6 m, with a pixel resolution of ∼4 mm. The 3-D displacements were monitored by targets and texture tracking. Optical measurements show good correlation with traditional sensors. They allowed measuring 3-D displacement and strain fields, evidencing the out-of-plane buckling displacement of the beam web, sensing unforeseen displacements and giving insight in the boundary conditions of the experiment.     

Effect of lamina orientation,crack severity,and fillers on dynamic parameters of hybrid composite cantilever beam with double transverse cracks

Modern-day research in composite material development primarily focuses on tailoring combinations by proportions of constituent materials and monitoring the changes in their targeted properties. In line with this trend, a new class of glass fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composite beam of size 600 mm×50 mm×6 mm is fabricated by adding graphene (average particle size:10 μm), and flyash (average particle size: 60 μm). The dynamic behavior of the hybrid beam by introducing two transverse cracks at different positions with varying crack depths is studied by employing analytical, finite-element, and experimental approaches. The dimensionless relative natural frequencies of the cracked/faulty hybrid beam obtained by the proposed methods are compared with the intact hybrid beam. Also, a comparison is made for the hybrid beam with a single crack. An increase in relative crack depth resulted in an increase in values of dimensionless compliances. Further, the effect of fiber orientation and lamina stacking sequence on the dynamic parameters of the hybrid beam are also analyzed. The introduction of the second crack induces higher nonlinearity in bending modes of vibration.     

基于LPFG微弯特性的高精度位移检测系统

在研究长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)温度及微弯特性的基础上,通过引入聚合物温度增敏封装后的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)作为解调滤波器,搭建了温度自补偿微位移检测系统.将LPFG粘贴于试件上进行微弯测试,在固定波长处.其插入损耗的变化与弯曲度变化呈线性关系.为解决LPFG带宽宽、谐振波长难以精确测量的问题,选择特定波长的FBG作为滤波器,实现了位移检测系统的功率化解调.同时,对FBG利用聚合物进行了温度增敏封装,使其温度灵敏度与LPFG尽量相同,消除了温度对系统的影响.试验结果表明,传感系统输出的光功率与微位移呈良好的线性关系,位移灵敏度为2μW/mm,分辨力为0.5×10-2 mm.所设计的系统结构简单、灵敏度高、线性度好,不受外界温度干扰.     

Carbon fiber/ceramic matrix composites: processing,oxidation and mechanical properties

Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) have been considered in the last two decades to be alternative materials for highly demanding thermo-structural applications. Pre-ceramic polymers offer significant advantages for manufacturing these composites by the polymer impregnation method. In the present work, carbon fiber/silicon oxycarbide (C/SiC _x O _y ) composites were obtained by controlled pyrolysis of carbon fiber/bridge polysilsesquioxane composites (COMPOSITE 1) followed by infiltration/pyrolysis cycles with a polycyclic silicone network. The polysilsesquioxane showed high wettability and adhesion on the carbon fiber surface. An improvement of the thermo-oxidation resistance and a reduction of the porosity as a function of the number of polycyclic silicone infiltration cycles were observed. An extra improvement in the thermo-oxidation protection was found when the C/SiC _x O _y composite was coated with a poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) layer (COMPOSITE 2). Shear properties for the composites showed a dependence on the nature of the matrix. The average in-plane shear strength and the shear modulus were 44.2 ± 1.9 MPa and 2.2 ± 0.5 GPa for the polymeric matrix composite (COMPOSITE 1), respectively. For the ceramic matrix composite (COMPOSITE 2) the values were 14.2 ± 4.1 MPa and 15.0 ± 2.0 GPa, respectively. The properties of the latter composite were also governed by the microstructure of the ceramic matrix.     

双层结构型吸波复合材料的制备与吸波性能研究

依据传输线理论和阻抗匹配原则,设计并制备了一种以磁性金属微粉为面层、多壁碳纳米管为底层、玻璃纤维布为环氧树脂基体增强体的低频段双层结构型吸波复合材料。采用透射电镜和扫描电镜对多壁碳纳米管和磁性金属微粉的微观形貌进行了表征,采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了材料在2～18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数和复磁导率,采用弓形法测试了复合材料在2～8GHz扫频范围内的反射率特性。研究表明,该双层结构型吸波复合材料在低频S波段具有良好的吸波效果,当其匹配厚度为dm=4.0mm时,最大吸收峰在3.08GHz时达到-17dB,反射率小于-10dB的频宽为1.82GHz。     

Accuracy verification of a simple local three-dimensional displacement measurement method of DIC with two images coordinates

There are two methods applied for three-dimensional digital image correlation method to measure three-dimensional displacement. One is to measure the spatial coordinates of measuring points by analyzing the images. Then, the displacement vectors of these points can be calculated using the spatial coordinates of these points obtained at different stages. The other is to calibrate the parameters for individual measuring points locally. Then, the local displacements of these points can be measured directly. This study proposes a simple local three-dimensional displacement measurement method. Without any complicated distortion correction processes, this method can be used to measure small displacement in the three-dimensional space through a simple calibration process. A laboratory experiment and field experiment are carried out to prove the accuracy of this proposed method. Laboratory test errors of one-dimensional experiment are similar to the accuracy of the XYZ table; the error in Z-direction is only 0.0025% of the object distance. The measurement error of laboratory test is about 0.0033% of the object distance for local three-dimensional displacement measurement test. Test and analysis results of field test display that in-plane displacement error is only 0.12 mm, and the out-of-plane error is 1.1 mm for 20 m × 30 m measuring range. The out-of-plane error is only about 10 PPM of the object distance. These test and analysis results show that this proposed method can achieve very high accuracy under small displacement for both of laboratory and field tests.     

Fabrication and characterization of a third-order nonlinear organic-polymer composite glass waveguide: a self-phase modulator

Composite organic-polymer glass optical waveguides in which coupling to the nonlinear organic-polymer layers was achieved by excitement of the underlying ion-exchanged glass waveguide and coupling of the light to the organic-polymer layer were fabricated and measured. A picosecond pulsed color center laser (λ = 1.5 μm) was used to measure the third-order optical susceptibility χ((3))(-w; w, -w, w) in an organic-dye-polymer composite glass waveguide with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For a squaryliumdye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate)-styrene-acrylonitrile matrix polymer layer, a composite χ((3)) of roughly 90, in units of (χLiNbO)(3)((3)), was measured.