一种基于MSR的中等斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐距离多普勒算法

针对现有斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐成像算法忽略了"非停走停"假设的孔径依赖性和阵元依赖性,导致中等斜视时成像效果差的问题,提出了一种基于级数反演方法(Method of Series Reversion, MSR)的中等斜视多子阵合成孔径声呐距离多普勒算法(Range Doppler Algorithm, RDA)。首先,为了解决"非停走停"假设孔径依赖的问题,直接对精确距离史在波束中心处进行泰勒级数展开,得到近似距离史,并借用MSR求得近似距离史对应窄带回波信号的二维谱解析解。然后,为了解决阵元依赖的问题,使用基于MSR的RDA分别对每个子阵单独成像,再通过将每个子阵的成像结果进行相干叠加的方式消除单个子阵欠采样带来的混叠现象,得到完整的成像结果。最后,通过与现有算法的仿真对比实验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

改进的多子阵双站合成孔径声纳成像算法

在常规单站SAS系统中,多子阵技术是提高测绘率的一个有效方法,针对发射站固定的双站SAS模型,多子阵技术同样可以用来解决测绘率与降空间采样率的矛盾,但是当"停-走-停"假设不再成立时,将引入相位误差项,降低双站SAS的成像质量,针对该问题在原有多子阵逐点成像算法的基础上,研究了发射站固定的双站SAS基阵运动引起的相位误差,提出了多子阵双站合成孔径声纳带相位补偿的逐点成像算法,在建立多子阵双站SAS数学模型的同时,形成了新的多子阵双站SAS系统方案设计。并给出了改进的波束形成逐点算法和仿真实验。改进的逐点算法并未改进运算量大小,新方法能够改善成像效果,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。多子阵双站合成孔径声纳成像的逐线算法有待进一步研究。     

使用合成滤波器组的SAS方位向非均匀采样信号重构

针对多子阵合成孔径声纳(Synthetic Aperture Sonar,SAS)在方位向上非均匀采样对后续成像处理带来的方位向失真的影响,给出了基于滤波器组的方位向非均匀采样信号重构算法.该算法利用SAS方位向周期性非均匀采样信号与经过分析滤波器组的信号之间的相似性,将周期非均匀采样信号通过合成滤波器组进行重构得到均...     

基于非停走停及方位非均匀采样的多接收阵合成孔径声纳CS成像算法

针对采用多接收阵技术的合成孔径声纳(SAS)成像中普遍存在的不满足停走停假设和方位向采样非均匀等问题,在深入分析了停走停假设和方位向的非均匀采样对成像造成影响的基础上,给出一种可用于方位向非均匀采样多接收阵合成孔径声纳的chirp scaling (CS)成像算法,它较为精确地补偿了非停走停模式带来的相位误差,因而适用于宽测绘带远距离SAS成像.仿真和试验均证明了该方法的有效性.     

合成孔径声纳中拖体偏航角的估计方法分析

单发射阵多接收阵合成孔径声纳成像中,拖体的偏航角是主要的运动误差之一,为得到高质量的成像结果必须对其准确估计并补偿。主要分析了偏航角的两种估计方法,即偏置相位中心算法和基于相邻两帧图像互相关算法。通过仿真和湖试试验结果表明,在强点目标场景下偏置相位中心算法估计偏航角的精度较低,且随拖体的速度的增加估计精度大幅度下降,当拖体速度过快导致无重叠相位中心时该算法失效,而基于相邻两帧图像互相关算法估计的偏航角相对于偏置相位中心算法不仅精度高,且具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于Chirp Scaling成像算法的高分辨聚束式合成孔径声呐

基于两步处理算法和ChirpScaling算法,提出一种适用于条带式成像算法的通用高分辨聚束式合成孔径声呐(SAS)模型。该模型结合了谱分析(SPECAN)算法和ChirpScaling算法的优点,算法首先采用deramp和升采样处理技术实现方位的粗聚焦,消除了聚束式SAS特有的方位频谱混迭现象,然后应用ChirpScaling原理实现距离的精确聚焦,并补偿deramp处理引起的方位相位误差,实现方位精聚焦。基于该通用模型,给出了实现的步骤,整个算法无需任何插值操作,只需复乘和FFT即可完成。该算法适用于宽测绘带高分辨率聚束式SAS的精确而高效成像处理。最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了该通用模型的有效性。     

一种运动误差精确补偿的矩阵求和合成孔径成像算法

根据回波数据对波束范围内各目标合成孔径成像的贡献,将其变换为一个图像矩阵,不同回波数据的图像矩阵相干叠加,完成合成孔径处理。首次采用矩阵运算,相比于传统逐点延时求和向量运算,成像效率提高了一倍。提出了一种移位成像运动误差补偿算法,克服了传统补偿算法存在的相位误差方位空变性的影响,实现运动误差的精确补偿。仿真和试验数据处理结果都表明该算法具有成像效率高和运动误差补偿精确的优点。     

RPC改进算法用于合成孔径声呐运动补偿

冗余相位中心（Redundant Phase Center-RPC）算法是合成孔径声呐系统中一种快速运动补偿方法,相位差估计是冗余相位中心算法核心。合成孔径声呐试验数据结果表明;样本延时很难精确估计。给出一种宽带信号相位差估计方法,减少了模糊相位误差的影响,并在处理中移除RPC估计器的线性分量,提高了RPC算法估计性能。改进的RPC算法在湖试数据处理中取得较好运动补偿效果。     

成像声呐中聚焦波束形成技术研究及实现

介绍了聚焦波束形成的基本原理,分析了一种基于半圆阵的相位补偿方法。通过Matlab仿真得出聚焦波束形成的波束图,相比远场方法,波束宽度减小,旁瓣得到抑制。设计了一种基于FPGA的数字聚焦波束形成器的实时处理结构,使用8组加权系数即可完成成像声呐近场范围内分辨力的改进。通过乒乓操作和并行结构提高处理速度,实时产生72个波束。实验结果表明,所设计的聚焦波束形成器使某型成像声呐近场分辨力得到了提高。     

一种基于亮点的合成孔径声呐图像域自聚焦算法

提出一种能够应用于合成孔径声呐的基于亮点的分块相位梯度自聚焦算法（Mosaic Phase gradient Autofocus,MPGA）。通过对亮点区域分块处理使每个SAS图像子块的模糊函数保持不变,利用PGA算法计算模糊函数的相位,将相位补偿到原图像,使模糊SAS图像得到聚焦。     

合成孔径声纳运动补偿算法的局部优化研究

在合成孔径声纳（Synthetic Aperture Sonar,SAS）的成像处理中,声纳基阵的不稳定是影响成像质量的重要因素,运动误差的存在会直接导致图像的畸变和分辨率下降,在实际的SAS成像中必须考虑运动误差的影响。结合SAS成像的特点,分析了传统运动补偿算法的不足,并提出了针对强点目标的局部优化方案,最后通过仿真和试验数据进行了有效性验证。     

Motion estimation in wide band synthetic aperture sonar based on the raw echo data using the method of displaced phase center antenna

Phase errors in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imaging must be reduced to less than one eighth of a wavelength so as to avoid image destruction. Most of the phase errors occur as a result of platform motion errors, for example, sway yaw and surge that are the most important error sources. The phase error of a wide band synthetic aperture sonar is modeled and solutions to sway yaw and surge motion estimation based on the raw sonar echo data with a Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) method are proposed and their implementations are detailed in this paper. It is shown that the sway estimates can be obtained from the correlation lag and phase difference between the returns at coincident phase centers. An estimate of yaw is also possible if such a technique is applied to more than one overlapping phase center positions. Surge estimates can be obtained by identifying pairs of phase centers with a maximum correlation coefficient. The method works only if the platform velocity is low enough such that a number of phase centers from adjacent pings overlap.     

FFBP算法在合成孔径声纳成像中的应用

时域合成孔径成像算法可以更好地适应多子阵造成的方位向采样不均匀问题,并且具有存储空间小、并行处理方便的优点。但精确时域算法运算量非常大,快速分块反向传播投影（Fast Factorized Back Projection,FFBP）成像算法则可以大大降低成像计算量。详细分析了FFBP声程误差的距离效应、孔径合并策略和图像分裂策略、成像的计算量等关键问题,并给出了仿真和实测数据成像结果。通过对仿真和实测成像结果的分析表明：FFBP算法可以提高计算效率,适用于实时合成孔径声纳成像系统。     

Correlation processing for correction of phase distortions in subaperture imaging

Ultrasonic subaperture imaging combines synthetic aperture and phased array approaches and permits low-cost systems with improved image quality. In subaperture processing, a large array is synthesized using echo signals collected from a number of receive subapertures by multiple firings of a phased transmit subaperture. Tissue inhomogeneities and displacements in subaperture imaging may cause significant phase distortions on received echo signals. Correlation processing on reference echo signals can be used for correction of the phase distortions, for which the accuracy and robustness are critically limited by the signal correlation. In this study, we explore correlation processing techniques for adaptive subaperture imaging with phase correction for motion and tissue inhomogeneities. The proposed techniques use new subaperture data acquisition schemes to produce reference signal sets with improved signal correlation. The experimental test results were obtained using raw radio frequency (RF) data acquired from two different phantoms with 3.5 MHz, 128-element transducer array. The results show that phase distortions can effectively be compensated by the proposed techniques in real-time adaptive subaperture imaging.     

采用反向投影算法进行宽带合成孔径声纳数据处理与图像重建

文中提出了宽带合成孔径声纳(synthetic aperture Sonar，简称SAS)成像的反向投影算法(back pmjection，简称BP)。该算法是在时间-空间域中对合成孔径线列阵中备个阵元接收回波的所有频率分量进行相干求和，以充分利用合成孔径上所有回波的能量，从而得到理想的SAS图像。同时，文章中分析了BP算法实现过程中拖尾(tall)现象的产生机理，对BP重建图像进行了斜坡滤波处理。并对载频为15kHz,带宽为20kHz的SAS系统进行了仿真，结果验证了这种算法的有效性。     

Optical head tracking for functional magnetic resonance imaging using structured light

An accurate motion-tracking technique is needed to compensate for subject motion during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) procedures. Here, a novel approach to motion metrology is discussed. A structured light pattern specifically coded for digital signal processing is positioned onto a fiduciary of the patient. As the patient undergoes spatial transformations in 6 DoF (degrees of freedom), a high-resolution CCD camera captures successive images for analysis on a computing platform. A high-speed image processing algorithm is used to calculate spatial transformations in a time frame commensurate with patient movements (10-100 ms) and with a precision of at least 0.5 microm for translations and 0.1 deg for rotations.     

多接收阵合成孔径声纳数据滤波重构算法

在合成孔径声纳(Synthetic Aperture Sonar,SAS)成像中,多接收阵模式通常采用等效相位中心(Displaced Phase Center,DPC)近似处理方法,它实质上是将多接收阵回波数据与单接收阵回波数据的区别看成系统误差,在成像处理前或成像处理过程中补偿掉该系统误差,但是该系统误差具有空变特...     

Time of flight diffraction imaging for double-probe technique

Due to rapid progress in microelectronics and computer technologies, the system evolving from analog to digital, and a programmable and flexible synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) for the single-probe pulse-echo imaging technique of ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) becomes feasible. The double-probe reflection technique usually is used to detect the nonhorizontal flaws in the ultrasonic NDT. Because there is an offset between the transmitter and receiver, the position and size of the flaw cannot be directly read from the image. Therefore, a digital signal processing (DSP) imaging method is proposed to process the ultrasonic image obtained by double-probe reflection technique. In the imaging, the signal is redistributed on an ellipsoid with the transmitter and receiver positions as focuses, and the traveltime sum for the echo from the ellipsoid to the focuses as the traveltime of signal. After redistributing all the signals, the useful signals can be constructively added in some point in which the reflected point is; otherwise, the signals will be destructively added. Therefore, the image resolution of the flaw can be improved and the position and size of the flaw can be estimated directly from the processed image. Based on the experimental results, the steep flaw (45°) cannot be detected by the pulse echo technique but can be detected by the double-probe method, and the double-probe B-scan image of 30° tilted crack is clearer than the pulse echo B-scan image     

基于图像处理的声相云图评价方法研究

基于图像处理,提出了声相云图评价方法,用于评价声相仪的声源定位误差。分析了声相仪的成像原理,提出将方位角误差和俯仰角误差作为声相云图声源定位误差的评价指标。利用差影法提取声相云图的声源定位成像区域,并经过灰度二值化、腐蚀膨胀和加权平均之后,计算出成像区域中心的像素坐标。在声相仪不同抓拍距离平面内,通过图像标定得到成像区域中心在实际物理空间上的位置坐标,将其与所定位的声源实际位置坐标相比较,计算得到方位角误差和俯仰角误差。实验结果表明,该方法所得方位角和俯仰角与声源实际位置坐标计算所得到的真实值相比,两者差异较小,能够客观地对声相仪的声源定位误差进行评价,且操作简单。