Inconel 740H合金750℃长期时效后的组织稳定性

对Inconel 740H合金管材在750℃进行500~3000h的无应力时效实验,采用热力学模拟,OM,FEG-SEM,显微硬度测定等方法研究了合金微观组织及显微硬度的变化趋势。结果表明:供货态(固溶处理)管材的合金成分及拉伸性能等均满足ASME要求,管材合格;长期时效后合金的主要析出相为γ′及M23C6,无η,σ等有害相析出。随着时效时间的延长,γ′粒子的粗化速率较快,其规律符合LSW熟化理论,M23C6相尺寸变化不明显;合金的显微硬度呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,但整体波动较小。长期时效后合金组织及显微硬度的变化表明Inconel 740H在750℃/3000h条件下的组织稳定性较好,可用于进一步进行持久等长时力学性能的检验。     

热处理对激光金属成形DZ125L高温合金组织及硬度的影响

研究激光金属成形DZ125L高温合金的组织,其形成的非平衡组织致密,一次枝晶间距约5μm;生成的过饱和固溶体抑制γ′相析出,且晶界析出点状不连续MC碳化物。这无法满足高温合金直接使用要求,需进行必要热处理。因此研究了5种热处理状态下的组织和显微硬度,结果表明均匀化和固溶处理十分必要,但需严格控制时间;时效处理时间可以适当减少。经过热处理试样的硬度比未经过过热处理试样硬度低,主要原因是激光金属成形组织细密,晶界析出大量强化相MC碳化物。     

热处理对粉末冶金Inconel 718合金TIG焊接的组织和性能的影响

用真空感应熔炼惰性气体雾化法(Vacuum induction melting inert gas atomization, VIGA)制备预合金粉末,然后用热等静压(Hot isostatic pressing, HIP)工艺制备粉末冶金Inconel 718板材。用钨极惰性气体保护焊(Tungstun inert gas arc welding, TIG)将板材连接并进行焊后固溶时效、均匀化和热等静压处理。用SEM和EBSD表征焊接接头的组织并测试接头区域的显微硬度,研究了焊后热处理对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,母材为细小的等轴晶,晶粒尺寸约为28μm,拉伸强度接近对同牌号变形高温合金的要求。在粉末冶金Inconel 718合金的接头处未观察到宏观气孔和夹杂等焊接缺陷,热处理后接头的强度与母材的性能相当。均匀化处理后Laves相基本上溶解了,组织均匀、塑性明显提高;热等静压处理可消除焊接后板材的显微孔洞,使力学性能的稳定性提高。在拉伸过程中合金的焊接接头优先在Laves相与基体的界面产生微气孔,其聚集产生微裂纹并最终发生断裂。     

工艺参数对脉冲等离子弧增材制造IN738 LC合金组织与性能的影响

采用脉冲等离子弧增材制造技术在不锈钢基板上增材制造IN738LC合金试样.通过调整峰值电流、占空比、焊接速度等参数,研究相同热输入条件下,不同工艺参数对成形层组织与性能的影响.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、显微硬度测试等表征手段对成形层的晶粒形貌、析出相种类、尺寸及分布、力学性能进行了表征,同时结合凝固过程模拟讨论了稀释率对相析出行为的影响.结果表明,成形层组织主要有等轴枝晶、柱状枝晶和胞状枝晶,在枝晶间有大量颗粒状或短棒状碳化物;当稀释率较低时,组织中出现少量γ'相,显著提升了成形层的显微硬度.     

金属型铸造Fe_3Al金属间化合物的组织和力学性能

研究了中频感应炉熔炼、金属型冷却制备的Fe3Al铸态及热处理后的组织、力学性能和冲击断裂行为。结果表明:合金的铸态组织为等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为100μm左右;合金经1000℃,15h均匀化退火+炉冷+600℃,1h中温回火+油淬热处理后,晶界得到了细化,晶内和晶界上析出了弥散分布的第二相,合金晶粒尺寸有所长大;XRD及EPMA点扫描分析综合得出弥散相的主要成分为Fe2AlCr,基体主要相组成为Fe2AlCr、Fe3Al、FeAl,晶界处主要相组成为Fe2AlCr和FeCr;热处理后合金的σb提高了46MPa,HRC由铸态时的22.5提高到了26.8,但合金的冲击韧性有所下降;铸态时合金的断裂方式主要以沿晶断裂为主,热处理后合金断口呈沿晶+穿晶的混合型断裂特征。     

电子束熔炼Nb-Si系多元合金的组织和性能

采用电子束熔炼对Nb-Ti-Si-Cr-Al-Hf多元合金进行重熔,研究合金锭成分与组织的均匀性以及合金的硬度、室温断裂韧性、高温抗压性能.结果表明:电子束熔炼易导致合金元素的挥发损失,使得合金锭的成分不均匀;高的冷却速度有助于细小、均匀的等轴组织形成,其中硅化物相的显微硬度HV约为1100,是Nb固溶体相的3倍左右;电子束熔炼Nb-Si系多元合金的室温断裂韧性(KQ)约为10.3MPa·m1/2;在1250℃的抗压强度约为426.3MPa,且具有一定的高温塑性.     

利用JMatPro软件进行合金覆层成分设计及回火工艺制定

利用JMatPro软件对合金覆层进行计算,模拟分析了不同回火状态下合金覆层内部相组成成分的变化情况与碳化物颗粒的析出情况,预测了合金覆层的相关性能;采用微束等离子熔覆加工方法,在H13钢基体上熔覆制备了合金覆层,研究分析了合金覆层回火前后的组织形态、物相组成、元素分布和显微硬度变化。结果表明,对合金覆层进行200℃回火2 h,合金覆层内部组织结构、物相组成与回火前相比无明显变化,显微硬度也无明显变化(463 Hv_0.1);经400℃回火2 h后,合金覆层组织内部开始有少量MC型特殊碳化物析出,晶界周围逐渐呈现不连续的网状分布,一定程度上提升了覆层的显微硬度(512 Hv_0.1);经600℃回火2 h后,合金覆层组织内部析出大量MC、M2C型特殊碳化物,之前不连续的网状分布发展为连续、密集的蛛网状分布,合金覆层内部整体呈现出更为细小、均匀的组织形态,覆层硬度提升约25.88%,达到569 Hv_0.1。     

脉冲等离子弧快速成形Inconel 625组织性能研究

研究了脉冲等离子弧快速成形Inconel 625镍基高温合金零件的组织特征及力学性能,重点分析了沉积态组织中相析出规律及分布特点。结果表明,沉积态的组织以胞状树枝晶为主,具有较强生长取向性的外延枝晶组织特征,层与层结合处呈现更细小胞状枝晶特征。由于较快的冷却速率,在整个成形零件包括层与层的结合处并未出现严重的显微偏析现象。通过多种分析手段证实了大量不规则形状的弥散Laves相颗粒分布在枝晶间,MC碳化物(包括NbC,TiC)分布在枝晶间及晶界,以及少量针状相δ(Ni3Nb)的析出。力学性能测试结果表明,显微硬度在整个沉积零件分布较为均匀,在260～285HV0.2范围内,在零件的底部及层层的结合处由于更细小的组织而呈现更高的硬度值。由于析出相的弥散强化作用,零件的抗拉强度最高达到750MPa,同时伸长率可达到50%。     

淬火温度对Al_(0.5)CoCrFeNiSi_(0.2)高熵合金组织结构的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼的方法制备了高熵合金Al0.5CoCrFeNiSi0.2。对其进行600℃到1100℃保温10h后淬水的淬火处理。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及附带的能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和透射电镜观察分析合金的组织结构。用显微硬度计测定合金的显微硬度。结果表明:铸态和淬火态的合金组织均呈典型的枝晶形貌,枝晶含有非晶相和纳米级颗粒。在淬火加热温度低于800℃时,随着淬火温度升高,晶粒细化、fcc相含量减少,硬度随淬火温度的升高而提高;当温度升高至900℃后,枝晶相长大,fcc相含量增加,大块枝晶中析出一种富含Al、Ni的θ相,硬度下降。     

电机转子用Cu-Ca合金的组织与性能研究

通过真空感应熔炼制备了不同Ca含量的Cu-Ca亚共晶合金,研究了Cu-Ca铸态合金的显微组织和性能。研究表明,随Ca含量的增加,初生相α-Cu由等轴晶组织转变成树枝晶组织,共晶组织α-Cu+β-Cu5Ca增多且呈网状分布在枝晶之间,合金的电导率降低,显微硬度上升,抗拉强度先上升后下降。通过对半固态组织形成机理分析认为,树枝晶组织有利于半固态成形工艺的应用。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.