连续Si-Fe-C-O功能陶瓷纤维的制备及其表面分析

采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)?和二茂铁合成出聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS), 后者经熔融纺丝、预氧化、烧成, 可制得?电阻率低至10^-2Ω·cm、拉伸强度 2.0GPa、长度>500m的连续Si-Fe-C-O纤维. 探索了连续Si-Fe-C-O纤维的制备工艺. 研究了铁对纤维电?阻率和β-SiC结晶的影响: 铁含量的增 加有利于β-SiC晶粒的增长和电阻率的降低. XPS剖面分析表明: 陶瓷纤维的表面富含碳, 随着径向深度增大铁含量增加.     

Si-C-Fe-O功能陶瓷纤维的制备

本文采用低分子量的聚硅烷(LPS)和二茂铁合成出聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS),后者经熔融纺丝、预氧化、烧成,可制得电阻率低至10-2Ω·cm的Si-C-Fe-O纤维.在预氧化过程中,Si-H反应程度增加的同时纤维的重量增加.研究了二茂铁对纤维电阻率和β-SiC结晶的影响:二茂铁用量的增加有利于β-SiC晶粒的增长和电阻率的降低.     

含镍碳化硅纤维的制备及其电磁性能Ⅱ.含镍碳化硅纤维的电磁性能

研究了含镍碳化硅纤维的电阻率和复电磁参烽。随着烧成温度和纤维内镍含量的提高,陶瓷纤维的电阻率下降,复电磁参数均增加。陶瓷纤维内的游离碳是影响纤维电阻率的主要因素。这种纤维与环氧树脂复合制成的结构吸波材料对雷达波具有良好的吸收。     

低电阻率Si-C-O纤维组成和性能

采用聚二甲基硅烷（PDMS）与不同比例的聚氯乙烯（PVC）共裂解合成制备了低电阻率Si-C-O纤维先驱体聚合物。经熔融纺丝、空气不熔化处理及高温烧成制成低电阻率Si-C-O纤维。通过元素分析、XRD及XPS研究了纤维组成及其结构,考察了纤维组成与性能的关系。结果表明,PVC的掺入使烧成纤维中氧含量降低,游离碳的含量有较大幅度的增加,纤维的密度和模量下降,在较低的Si/C比时,纤维的强度同碳含量没有明显的关系。     

组成和结构对连续SiC纤维电阻率的影响

通过烧成制备了电阻率量级大小不同的三种连续SiC纤维, 对纤维的元素组成、结晶性能和表面结构进行了分析. 结果表明: 通过调整不熔化及烧成工艺参数可以获得电阻率量级不同的连续SiC纤维. 当纤维表层具有一定厚度的高富碳层结构时, 纤维的电阻率受整体自由碳含量与结晶性能的影响不再显著, 此时, 纤维将具有较低的电阻率. 富碳层的产生与不熔化纤维烧成时分解产生的烃类小分子的重新裂解沉积有关. 通过低温氧化除去纤维表面的富碳层可以使纤维电阻率增大. 表面结构对连续SiC纤维的电阻率大小有重要影响.     

一种具有稳定富碳表层的SiC纤维的制备与性能

采用不饱和烃不熔化处理后的聚碳硅烷（PCS）纤维经高温烧成可制得一种新型的SiC纤维,纤维的抗张强度达2.5~2.8GPa,氧含量4wt%~6wt%,电阻率仅为0.5Ω·cm左右,大大低于采用传统空气不熔化方法得到的SiC纤维.研究表明:该纤维表面存在厚度约50nm的富碳层,并且在Ar气中进行高温热处理后,表面富碳层结构无明显变化.与日本通用级SiC纤维Nicalon NL202 相比,纤维的耐热性提高200~300℃.纤维具有低电阻率稳定性,从室温到1600℃,其电阻率始终保持在0.4~0.8Ω·cm.     

含过渡金属的碳化硅纤维的制备及其电磁性能

采用超声波将平均粒径70～80nm的金属铁、钴、镍、钛微粒均匀分散到聚碳硅烷(PCS)内,通过熔融纺丝、不熔化处理、烧成,制备出具有良好力学性能和雷达波吸收性能的含过渡金属的碳化硅纤维(掺混型SiC纤维)。系统研究了惨混型SiC纤维的制备工艺及其电磁性能的影响因素,讨论了烧成过程中纤维微观结构的变化与纤维电学性能之间的关系,指出含Fe、Co、Ni的掺混型SiC纤维内游离碳的含量及其微观结构变化是影响纤维电阻率最重要的因素,这类纤维的导电模型是在外加电场作用下,自由电子主要沿纤维内连续的层状游离碳流动形成电流。含钛SiC纤维内主要的导电相是TiC。Ti含量达到一定值时,纤维内的TiC颗粒彼此相连成为连续相,导致纤维电阻率急剧下降。控制先驱体内金属含量和掺混型SiC纤维的烧成温度可以有效控制和调节掺混型SiC纤维的电阻率、复介电常数和复磁导率。含钛SiC纤维是一种非磁性纤维,掺杂Fe、Co、Ni的掺混型SiC纤维显一定磁性。电阻率为10~2Ω·cm左右的掺混型SiC纤维对X波段的雷达波具有最佳吸收性能。通过阻抗匹配优化设计,所制备的掺混型SiC纤维与环氧树脂复合制成的厚度4～5mm的多层结构吸波材料对X波段的电磁波具有较好的吸收性能。     

连续含铁碳化硅纤维及其结构吸波材料的研制

为了研制碳化硅吸波纤维, 首次采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)和二茂铁合成聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS), PFCS经多孔熔融纺丝、 空气不熔化和在N₂中1320℃连续烧成, 可制得连续含铁碳化硅(SiC(Fe))吸波纤维; 用SiC(Fe)纤维与环氧树脂制备的结构材料具有良好的吸波性能。XPS剖面分析、 Raman光谱表明: 纤维表面有一层厚约100nm的富碳层, 由表及里铁的含量逐渐增加; 随着温度的升高游离碳的排列逐渐规整化。研究了碳对纤维性能的影响, 结果表明: 游离碳的存在有利于纤维电阻率的降低, 复介电常数和介电损耗的增大。      

先驱体转化法制备低电阻率Si-O-C纤维

通过采用将聚二甲基硅烷（PDMS）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共裂解合成碳化硅－炭纤维先驱体,并经熔融纺丝及不熔化处理,最后经过烧成制得Si-C-O陶瓷纤维。讨论了影响合成产物的因素。研究表明纤维的强度随纤维中碳含量增加而下降。纤维的电阻率比单纯通过聚碳硅烷纤维得到SiC纤维大大降低。     

聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化与SiC纤维制备研究

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,在高压釜内高温高压反应制备了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体,经熔融纺丝制备了PCS纤维,研究了在190 C下不同不熔化时间对PCS纤维氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度、凝胶含量、氧含量及最终SiC纤维氧含量与性能的影响.研究表明,在不熔化过程中,PCS结构中的Si-H键与氧反应,在PCS分子间形成Si-O-Si交联结构.随着不熔化时间的延长,PCS纤维发生氧化增重、Si-H键反应程度提高、凝胶含量增加,SiC纤维中氧含量也逐渐增加.在不熔化保温3h,制备的SiC纤维强度可达2.52GPa.随着不熔化时间的进一步延长,SiC纤维氧含量增加,其强度逐渐降低.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.