基于设计心理学角度的景观设计研究—以西安大雁塔北广场为例

一、景观环境与人的心理、行为三者之间的关系 景观环境与人的心理、人的行为三者是互相作用的.景观环境引起人的心理变化,心理变化可以使人产生相应的行为,人和周围的景观环境是相互作用的.当外界的环境令人产生紧张、焦虑等负面情绪时,人会立刻产生远离、躲避当前环境的行为;当外界环境让人感到放松、舒适或者兴奋,人就会驻足停留.行为也是人们对外界环境所产生的一种本能的反应.     

建筑环境科学研究动态与简介

建筑环境科学研究涉及自然科学、社会科学、工程技术、人文和艺术领域,包括热湿环境、光环境、声环境、电磁环境、室内空气品质、建筑微气候等.建筑环境和设备工程专业的任务是在节约能源、节省资源、最低限度影响环境的原则下,为人类创造健康、舒适、安全、有效率的工作、居住和活动环境.     

浅析我国环境会计

环境问题是全世界共同面对的问题,随着我国经济的快速发展,产生的环境问题日益突出.这些需要环境会计加以反映,这必然对传统会计产生冲击.我国环境会计起步晚,在实务操作中会遇到诸如计量、分配标准、信息披露等一系列障碍.针对这些问题,笔者认为需要从理论研究、法规体系建设、价格体系构成、考核评价机制、会计人员素质等方面采取措施,加以提高,这样我国环境会计水平才能有所突破.     

企业的环境绩效目标及其评估探讨

在探讨了企业环境绩效的概念、作用和特点的基础上,分析了企业环境绩效目标的目的和意义、绩效目标内容选取的概念及原则.基于环境价值链概念和环境绩效评估原则探讨了环境绩效评估方法的选用.以绿色制造系统为例,建立了该系统的环境绩效目标结构,并对其进行了评估分析.     

实时分布仿真环境下视景仿真系统的构建

随着仿真技术、计算机技术和网络技术的飞速发展,复杂系统仿真的应用领域不断扩大,对仿真过程的直观性、交互性和逼真度的需求日益提高.实时分布仿真环境下的视景仿真技术是仿真技术研究中的一项关键技术,因此对其进行研究具有重要的意义.对实时分布仿真环境下的视景仿真技术进行研究.分析实时分布仿真环境下视景仿真技术的需求,设计在实时分布仿真环境下视景仿真系统的构建,确定可行的软、硬件开发环境.     

环境净化涂料的研究现状与应用及性能检测方法

介绍了国内外环境净化涂料的研究现状,对环境净化涂料的机理及存在的问题进行了论述,叙述了环境净化涂料实际应用的成果.并对目前所采用的环境净化涂料检测方法进行了介绍,包括:扫描电子显微术、透射电子显微术、红外吸收光谱法、X射线衍射法和其他检测方法.指出了每种检测方法的特点和针对环境净化涂料的表征,并提出了未来环境净化涂料的研究方向.     

腐蚀环境下2024-T3铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展和剩余强度实验研究

对2024-T3铝合金在5种典型实验室环境和3种组合环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展和剩余强度进行了实验研究.通过实验获得的裂纹扩展数据,对Paris公式进行条件拟合,得到各种环境下的裂纹扩展常数,并作了对比分析.结果表明,腐蚀环境的参与使2024-T3铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率明显加快,不同腐蚀环境对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响程度不同,其影响的严重程度由重到轻依次为:油箱结构区、厨房与厕所、油箱积存水、盐水、潮湿空气、高空环境、干燥空气.实验数据还进一步表明,腐蚀介质对临界裂纹长度的影响很小,说明环境对剩余强度能力无直接影响.     

环境材料研究的基本理论问题

讨论了环境材料领域的基本理论问题,包括目标、出发点、概念的内涵及其判据,明确提出了环境材料研究的方法,指出环境分析是环境材料研究的核心特征和基本要素,并给出了环境材料研究的定义.对这些基本理论问题的讨论旨在促进环境材料学及其学科范式的建立与发展.     

电能、环境与监管复杂系统构建与协调分析

运用系统论的方法,在3E(经济、能源、环境)系统基础上引入监管子系统,建立电能、环境与监管的复杂系统.阐述了电能、环境与监管各个子系统的特征,分析了各个子系统之间内在协调机制及系统的发展过程.对有效地建立电能、环境与监管这一开放的复杂系统模型并对其进行规划与调控具有参考意义.     

生态知觉视角下的环境媒体广告设计思路探析

目的 基于生态知觉理论视角解析环境媒体广告要素,探析其能够与周围环境更加和谐,与受众互动更为自然,信息传达更为流畅的设计思路与策略.方法 通过对环境媒体广告概念的界定与特点的梳理,从生态知觉视角入手分析了环境媒体广告设计要素,即受众要素、自然环境要素、人为环境要素三个维度,并进一步将其细化,最终提出三条适应生态知觉理论的环境媒体广告设计思路与策略.结论环境媒体广告的设计应围绕环境媒体广告与受众、环境这一整体展开,引导受众融入广告强化体验、多媒介交融协调、自然环境与人为环境有机结合的设计思路与策略有利于环境媒体广告的设计与信息传播,更好体现广告的人性关怀和环境友好性,研究将对环境媒体广告设计中关于广告与受众互动关系、广告和环境和谐等问题提供新的研究视角与有益启示.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.