电子束固化复合材料界面

电子束固化复合材料界面粘结性能较低是急待解决的问题。利用阳极氧化技术和偶联剂涂层对碳纤维表面进行处理。处理前后的碳纤维表面性能利用SEM、XPS和接触角测试方法进行分析,通过层间剪切强度表征电子束固化复合材料界面粘结性能,并且与热固化复合材料进行对比。结果表明: 当碳纤维在酸性电解液中进行阳极氧化时,有利于提高电子束固化复合材料界面粘合性能,在碱性电解液中进行阳极氧化时, 则导致较低界面粘接性能。阳极氧化与偶联剂双重增效作用能够提高电子束固化复合材料界面粘合性能。     

Effect of phenoxy-based coating resin for reinforcing pitch carbon fibers on the interlaminar shear strength of PA6 composites

Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites have not been considered as constituent materials for structural parts due to the poor interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the thermoplastic matrix. In this work, polyamide 6 (PA6) composites with pitch carbon fibers (pCF) were fabricated by alternatively stacking PA6 films and pCF fabrics followed by being pressed. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion, phenoxy resin-based materials were coated on the surface of the fiber. The surface analyses of the fiber were carried out by XPS, TGA and dynamic contact angle method. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites was measured to evaluate the effect of the coating materials. The results showed that the composites with the coated pCF had higher ILSS than that with neat pCF by more than 20%. This indicated that a proper coating material can improve mechanical properties of the PA6 composites, which can be applied to the structural parts.     

碳纤维阳极氧化法处理对复合材料界面性能的影响

利用阳极氧化法对碳纤维进行表面改性处理,研究了碳纤维处理前后表面化学组成,纤维复丝拉伸强度和复合材料的层间剪切强度（ＩＬＳＳ）。结果表明,经阳极氧化处理碳纤维表面的含氧、含氮极性官能团数目增加,纤维复丝拉伸强度有所下降,复合材料的ＩＬＳＳ值提高。同时通过实验结果分析,阐明阳极氧化处理使复合材料界面性能改善的机理。     

聚合物涂层对高模量碳纤维表面性能的影响

为改善碳纤维表面性能以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能,对PAN基高模量碳纤维（HMCF）表面进行聚合物涂层处理。研究了不同潜伏性固化剂含量的聚合物涂层对HMCF表面以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能的影响。IR分析表明,聚合物涂层与纤维或树脂基体发生了化学反应。扫描电镜和动态机械热分析的结果也说明,聚合物涂层能够提高...     

Effects of emulsion sizing with nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on interfacial properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites

Nano-SiO₂ particles were used to modify epoxy emulsion sizing of carbon fibers to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites. The mechanical interfacial strength between fibers and matrix was investigated by the single fiber fragmentation test and the 3-point short beam shear test, respectively. Dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed on the carbon fibers with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. The results indicated that modified sizing with nano-SiO₂ slightly increased the surface energy, the hydroxyl functional group and the surface roughness of carbon fibers compared to unmodified sizing, so that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the single fiber composites and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites were enhanced. SEM images of fracture sections of composites proved powerfully that the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix was improved after nano-SiO₂ modified emulsion sizing treatment.     

Interlaminar shear strength of SiC matrix composites reinforced by continuous fibers at 900 °C in air

To reveal the shear properties of SiC matrix composites, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of three kinds of silicon carbide matrix composites was investigated by compression of the double notched shear specimen (DNS) at 900 °C in air. The investigated composites included a woven plain carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite (2D-C/SiC), a two-and-a-half-dimensional carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite (2.5D-C/SiC) and a woven plain silicon carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite (2D-SiC/SiC). A scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the microstructure and fracture morphologies. It can be found that the fiber type and reinforcement architecture have significant impacts on the ILSS of the SiC matrix composites. Great anisotropy of ILSS can be found for 2.5D-C/SiC because of the different fracture resistance of the warp fibers. Larger ILSS can be obtained when the specimens was loaded along the weft direction. In addition, the SiC fibers could enhance the ILSS, compared with carbon fibers. The improvement is attributed to the higher oxidation resistance of SiC fibers and the similar thermal expansion coefficients between the matrix and the fibers.     

Effect of Cold Plasma Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of RTM Composites

Cold plasma technology was used to treat the surface of carbon fibers braided by PET in this paper and SEM was used to analyze the fracture microstructure of composite interlaminar shear stress (ILSS). The result shows that the surface polarity of carbon fibers was modified by cold plasma treatment, which increases the impregnation of PET braided carbon fibers during the process of resin flowing, improves the interfacial properties of RTM composites, and therefore enhances the mechanical properties of the KTM composites.     

Effect of nano-SiO2 modified emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers reinforced composites

The influence of nano-SiO₂ modified epoxy emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion properties of carbon fibers reinforced composites was investigated. The interfacial interaction between carbon fibers and the matrix was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-point short-beam shear testing. The results showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups was slightly increased on the carbon fibers surface after treatment with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. Compared to the unsized composites, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values for the composites with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing were increased by 9% and 14%, respectively. The holes and carbon fibers pullout were not observed in their fracture sections. Surprisingly, the fracture section of the composites with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing was more compact and the fiber debonding was more difficult.     

Interfacial properties and impact toughness of methylphenylsilicone resin composites by chemically grafting POSS and tetraethylenepentamine onto carbon fibers

Octaglycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (gly-POSS) was successfully grafted on carbon fibers (CFs) surface to enhance interfacial properties and impact toughness of CFs reinforced methylphenylsilicone resin (MPSR) composites. After gly-POSS modification, POSS grafted CF (CF-POSS) with many epoxy functional groups was modified with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) to further enhance the interfacial strength. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed that POSS and TEPA were grafted onto CFs surface uniformly and the surface roughness enhanced obviously. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the chemical bonding nature between CFs and POSS, as well as between POSS and TEPA. POSS and TEPA modification could increase the fiber polarity, wettability and surface energy significantly. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and impact toughness of composites showed a dramatic improvement, especially for grafting with POSS and further with TEPA (CF-POSS-TEPA). Additionally, the reinforcing and toughening mechanisms were also analyzed. Meanwhile, single fiber tensile strength (TS) had no decrease after modification.     

酚醛树脂表面处理剂对炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料界面强度的影响

采用酚醛树脂作为炭纤维表面处理剂, 可以显著提高多种炭纤维和环氧树脂界面强度。通过XPS、AFM、SEM和层间剪切强度等方法, 研究了不同浓度的酚醛树脂表面处理剂对炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料层间剪切强度、炭纤维表面元素和化学键组成的影响, 以及炭纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料断面微观形貌的变化。XPS和AFM分析结果表明酚醛树脂和炭纤维表面发生了化学反应, 而且酚醛树脂处理剂浓度越高, 和炭纤维表面发生反应的基团也越多, 表面越光滑平整, SEM和层间剪切强度研究表明酚醛树脂处理后的复合材料界面粘结性能得到很大的改善, 而且界面粘结性能强烈依靠处理剂浓度。      

γ射线辐照对碳纤维表面接枝改性的影响

为提高碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结性能, 采用γ射线共辐照接枝方法对碳纤维表面改性, 利用X光电子能谱仪(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 电子万能材料试验机, 研究了在缩乙二醇丙酮溶液和环氧氯丙烷丙酮溶液中经200 kGy剂量的γ射线辐照接枝后, 碳纤维的表面化学元素及官能团组成、 表面形貌、 复合材料剪切断面形貌及其层间剪切强度(ILSS)的变化。研究表明, 缩乙二醇类接枝液的接枝效果较理想, 碳纤维接枝率达7%; 辐照处理碳纤维表面O/C比值和含氧官能团含量增加, 以此制备的碳纤维/环氧复合材料的ILSS提高, 最大提高率达31.2%; 同时还发现辐照接枝后的碳纤维表面粗糙度增大。     

Effects of nano-sized and micro-sized carbon fibers on the interlaminar shear strength and tribological properties of high strength glass fabric/phenolic laminate in water environment

In order to clarify the effects of carbon fiber size on the properties of carbon fiber/high strength glass fabric (HSGF)/phenolic laminate, two kinds of laminates modified by nano-sized carbon fibers (CNFs) and micro-sized carbon fibers (CMFs), were respectively fabricated. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and tribological properties of HSGF/phenolic laminates modified by CNFs and CMFs in water environment were comparatively investigated. Results showed that CNFs at proper contents ranging from 1.0% to 3.0% can enhance ILSS of HSGF/phenolic laminate, while CMFs deteriorated the ILSS. After water immersion, ILSS of the laminates modified by CNFs at 1.0–3.0% were just slightly decreased; however, those of the laminates modified by CMFs suffered larger drop. On the other hand, however, CMFs were more effective than CNFs in improving the wear resistance of HSGF/phenolic laminate in water.     

碳纤维电化学氧化表面处理效果的动态力学热分析研究

利用动态力学热分析(DMTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对聚丙烯腈基(PAN)碳纤维电化学氧化表面处理效果进行了研究。研究结果表明,DMTA谱图中经电化学氧化处理的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)其损耗角正切(tanδ)较未处理的降低30％,玻璃化温度(T_g)与tanδ峰值的变化可以有效地表征PAN基碳纤维表面处理的效果。这一结论与SEM观察CFRP断口形貌的结果相符。经定量计算出的界面粘结参数A和α与CFRP的层间剪切强度(ILSS)所反映的碳纤维与树脂间界面粘结效果是一致的。同时,XPS表面化学分析表明,经电化学氧化处理后的碳纤维表面羟基含量提高55％及活性碳原子数增加18％,采用适当的处理条件可使CFRP的ILSS提高20％以上。      

Interfacially reinforced methylphenylsilicone resin composites by chemically grafting multiwall carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibers

Both silane and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grafted successfully onto carbon fibers (CFs) to enhance the interfacial strength of CFs reinforced methylphenylsilicone resin (MPSR) composites. The microstructure, interfacial properties, impact toughness and heat resistance of CFs before and after modification were investigated. Experimental results revealed that CNTs were grafted uniformly onto CFs using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) as the bridging agent. The wettability and surface energy of the obtained hybrid fiber (CF-APS-CNT) were increased obviously in comparison with those of the untreated-CF. The CF-APS-CNT composites showed simultaneously remarkable enhancement in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and impact toughness. Moreover, the interfacial reinforcing and toughening mechanisms were also discussed. In addition, Thermogravimetric analysis and thermal oxygen aging experiments indicated a remarkable improvement in the thermal stability and heat oxidation resistance of composites by the introduction of APS and CNTs. We believe the facile and effective method may provide a novel interface design strategy for developing multifunctional fibers.     

纳米改性连续纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料及其力学性能研究进展

连续纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料（CFRTP）具有易加工、可回收、力学性能优异等特点,在航空航天、汽车等领域的应用前景良好。随着纳米技术的发展,研究者发现利用纳米材料改性CFRTP可显著提升其性能。本文对纳米材料改性CFRTP领域的最新研究进展进行了综述,首先对CFRTP改性中常用的纳米材料（如碳纳米管、石墨烯以及无机纳米颗粒）和主要的改性方法（包括树脂基体中直接添加纳米填料和利用纳米材料对增强相纤维表面进行修饰）进行了介绍,在此基础上总结并讨论了纳米改性对CFRTP力学性能（包括界面结合性能、拉伸性能、动态力学性能以及冲击性能）的影响,最后对纳米材料改性CFRTP的发展方向进行了展望。      

碳纤维在电子束辐射过程中对树脂基复合材料界面性能的影响

采用XPS和Raman分析了电子束辐射对碳纤维表面性质的影响，研究了碳纤维与基体树脂之间的不充分接触对电子束固化复合材料层间剪切强度的影响，同时分析了碳纤维表面吸附的水分，碳纤维与基体树脂之间的空隙率和碳纤维表面在碳酸氢铵电解液中进行阳极氧化处理后对电子束固化复合材料界面性能的影响，分析了碳纤维表面在电子束辐射过程中与树脂基体的作用机理。     

UHMWPE 纤维表面处理及其复合材料性能

对超高分子量聚乙烯(U HMWPE) 纤维进行了铬酸液相氧化和上胶剂表面涂覆的复合表面处理, 并对U HMWPE 纤维表面处理前后与几种不同结构的环氧树脂基体制备的复合材料进行界面性能研究。结果表明: 树脂种类对复合材料界面性能略有影响, 但层间剪切强度都较低。对纤维进行单纯的液相氧化和表面涂覆均可以提高复合材料的界面性能, 但液相氧化处理时间过长会使纤维强度降低; 而液相氧化2涂覆的复合处理则具有协同效应, 在不降低纤维强度的同时大幅度提高复合材料的层间剪切强度, 是一种有效的表面处理方法。      

甲基丙烯酰氧基倍半硅氧烷改性碳纤维/聚芳基乙炔复合材料界面性能

利用微脱粘法、三点弯曲法、扫描电镜（SEM）、力调制模式原子力显微镜（AFM）和动态力学热分析（DMTA）研究了甲基丙烯酰氧基倍半硅氧烷（Methacryl-POSS）涂层改性前后的碳纤维增强的聚芳基乙炔（PAA）复合材料的界面性能。用Wilhelmy法研究了处理前后的碳纤维与PAA树脂的浸润性。结果表明: POSS涂层处理后的碳纤维表面粗糙度增大,与PAA树脂的浸润性提高;复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了36%,层间剪切强度提高了50%。DMTA图谱表明, POSS涂层改性后,复合材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了12℃,损耗因子降低了53%,表明复合材料的界面粘接性能得到大幅度的改善。      

A comparative study on mechanical properties of carbon fiber/PEEK composites

The aim of this work was to improve mechanical properties such as flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) thermoplastic polymer which has very high processing temperature due to its high melting temperature. Carbon fiber (CF) surface was modified by two different methods: oxidative and non-oxidative. Piranha solution and chromate solution were used for chemical treatment (oxidative treatment), and silicone based polymers were used for polymer coating (non-oxidative). The changes on the surface structure and surface chemistry were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTIR results indicate that coating fibers decreases carbon element content, whereas increases the oxygen and silicone content as well as their functional groups on the surface. Flexural strength and ILSS properties of CF/PEEK composites were measured according to ASTM D-790 and ASTM D2344, respectively.     

芳纶纤维的磷酸表面处理及其树脂基复合材料界面性能

采取不同浓度的磷酸水溶液对芳纶纤维进行表面处理, 并对不同处理条件下芳纶纤维的单丝强度、表面性质及其环氧树脂复合材料的界面性能进行了分析和测试。结果表明: 20 wt %磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维, 纤维表面含氧官能团含量最高; 继续提高磷酸溶液的浓度, 含氧官能团含量下降, 纤维表面趋于平整, 单丝强度上升。用20 wt %磷酸溶液处理芳纶纤维, 纤维/ 环氧树脂基复合材料的层间剪切强度达到62 MPa , 界面剪切强度提高18 % , 是一种简单有效的表面处理方法。纤维表面粗糙度和纤维表面含氧官能团的数量是影响芳纶纤维/ 环氧树脂复合材料界面结合性能的关键因素。