稀土元素对MB26合金超塑性的影响

通过对稀土元素添加前后镁合金超塑性性能的对比,研究了稀土元素对镁合金超塑性的影响,分析了稀土元素影响镁合金超塑性的原因。     

搅拌摩擦加工镁合金超塑性最新研究进展

搅拌摩擦加工是制备细晶材料的有效手段,可使镁合金获得超塑性,进而提高镁合金的塑性加工能力,扩大镁合金的应用范围。搅拌摩擦加工制备细晶镁合金的超塑性已经成为国内外的研究热点。在介绍搅拌摩擦加工技术原理的基础上,综述了搅拌摩擦加工镁合金超塑性最新研究进展,介绍了镁合金超塑性变形机理,并提出了研究方向。     

镁合金超塑性研究进展

镁合金因其密度小、比性能好、减震性能好、电磁屏蔽性好等优异性能，在航空航天、电子产品、汽车行业等有着良好的应用前景。目前镁合金还没有投入大规模工业化生产，主要原因之一就是镁合金塑性变形能力差，难以成形为复杂形状的部件。超塑性成形为这一问题的解决提供了可能，因此镁合金超塑性的研究受到了广泛重视。综述了近年来国内外Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系、Mg-Li系和Mg-Gd系镁合金超塑性研究进展，发现不同体系的镁合金经过不同的处理方法，在理想条件下的超塑性伸长率均能达到400%以上，表现出优异的超塑性，最后对今后进一步的发展方向作出了展望。     

超轻镁合金的研究历史与发展现状

首次系统介绍了超轻镁合金的研究历程。从合金化、复合材料、快速凝固与超塑性四个方面介绍了国内外的研究现状，展望了超轻镁合金的发展前景。     

镁合金板材超塑性成形极限的实验研究

通过超塑性刚性凸模胀形实验研究了AZ31B镁合金板材的超塑性成形极限.在变形温度为573K,初始变形速率为3.3×10-4s-1的条件下,建立了AZ31B镁合金板料成形极限实验曲线(FLC),并且得到无论在拉压变形方式或是在双向受拉变形方式下超塑性变形时,AZ31B镁合金板料发生集中性失稳的条件均是dε2=0.     

高塑性镁合金的研究现状

从化学成分、组织、加工工艺3方面对高塑性镁合金的研究现状进行了阐述;总结了高塑性镁合金的共性规律,指出,变形态延伸率大于17%且成本适中的镁合金品种很少,因此研究开发实用高塑性镁合金具有重要的实际意义,分析了影响镁合金塑性的因素,为高塑性镁合金的研究提供参考.     

镁合金塑性加工产业技术研究进展

简要介绍了10年来课题组关于镁合金轧制、挤压、拉拔工艺研究的部分结果,大量反复的实验研究得给出的工艺参数与组织和力学性能关系说明,镁合金塑性差是可以改善的,可以实现AZ31镁合金的冷挤压和冷拉拔。还论述了镁合金塑性加工产业技术要突破,必须在大幅度降低镁合金塑性加工生产成本的同时,大幅度提高镁合金板材、管材、棒材、线材的塑性,以便于二次塑性加成形时,不增加成本。这样才能形成镁合金塑性加工产业链,镁合金塑性加工才能实现大规模产业。课题组10年来的研究,寻找到了既大幅度降低成本又大幅度提高塑性的新工艺原理与方法,为未来实现镁合金塑性加工产业大规模发展建立了技术基础。本文的看法,仅是为引起更多从事镁合金塑性加工技术人员与研究者关注,共同讨论镁合金塑性加工技术问题,争取早日将镁合金塑性加工产业发展起来。     

MB26合金超塑性的研究

研究了新型高强度镁合金ＭＢ２６超塑性拉伸、压缩的变形行为。结果表明，热挤压态ＭＢ２６合金不经过任何预处理即具有很好的超塑性。超塑性拉抻时，在４００℃、ε０＝１．１７×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的变形条件下δ＝１４５０％，σ＝８．７ＭＰａ，ｍ值为０．６；超塑性压缩时，在４００℃、ε０＝８．３×１０＾３ｓ＾－１变形条件下，压缩真应变ε高达２．１８以上，σ＝１８ＭＰａ，ｍ值在０．４以上。     

变形镁合金塑性的改善

塑性差已成为变形镁合金加工与应用上的一个瓶颈,改善变形镁合金的塑性也就成为变形镁合金研究与应用中急需解决的关键技术之一.细化晶粒、控制织构、激活非基面滑移系可以显著改善镁合金的塑性,是较有前景的塑性改善方法.从以上3方面综述了变形镁合金塑性改善的最新研究进展.     

热轧AZ31B镁合金板材超塑成形性能研究

研究了工业态热轧AZ31B镁合金板材的基本成形性能,其室温塑性较差且存在各向异性,而在应变温度为400-490℃,应变速率为1×10-4～1×10-3s-1的实验条件下均表现出良好的超塑性.其最大断裂延伸率达到216%,应变速率敏感指数达0.36.因此,对不具有典型等轴细晶的工业态热轧AZ31B镁合金板材,无需经过复杂的预先热处理,同样可以得到良好的超塑性,更具有经济实用价值.     

定向凝固NiAl合金的拉伸行为研究

研究了定向凝固NiAl-Mo(Hf)和NiAl-Fe(Nb)合金的拉伸行为和显微组织变化.结果表明,两种合金在一定的拉伸条件下均具有反常的屈服行为和中温脆性.反常屈服和中温脆性行为与合金中含有的Ni3Al相有关.两种合金在高温时还表现出高应变速率的超塑性变形行为.超塑性变形的主要机理是位错滑移和攀移产生的应变硬化与动态回复和动态再结晶的应变软化作用相平衡.超塑性变形试样的断口呈韧性特征,在断裂区有孔洞产生.     

铝合金超塑变形研究进展

综述了铝合金材料超塑变形的研究现状和进展情况.着重介绍了高应变速率下铝合金超塑性的基本特征,探讨了铝合金超塑变形机理,介绍了铝合金超塑性的应用情况.超塑铝合金是性能优良,具有广泛用途的新型材料,随着高应变速率条件下铝合金超塑变形研究的深入,将不断提高铝合金生产的经济效益和实用性.     

Superplasticity of fine-grained magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review

The superplastic behavior of medical magnesium alloys is reviewed in this overview article. Firstly, the basics of superplasticity and superplastic forming via grain boundary sliding (GBS) as the main deformation mechanism are discussed. Subsequently, the biomedical Mg alloys and their properties are tabulated. Afterwards, the superplasticity of biocompatible Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Li, and Mg-RE (rare earth) alloys is critically discussed, where the influence of grain size, hot deformation temperature, and strain rate on the tensile ductility (elongation to failure) is assessed. Moreover, the thermomechanical processing routes (e.g. by dynamic recrystallization (DRX)) and severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods for grain refinement and superplasticity in each alloying system are introduced. The importance of thermal stability (thermostability) of the microstructure against the grain coarsening (grain growth) is emphasized, where the addition of alloying elements for the formation of thermally stable pinning particles and segregation of solutes at grain boundaries are found to be major controlling factors. It is revealed that superplasticity at very high temperatures can be achieved in the presence of stable rare-earth intermetallics. On the other hand, the high-strain-rate superplasticity and low-temperature superplasticity in Mg alloys with great potential for industrial applications are summarized. In this regard, it is shown that the ultrafine-grained (UFG) duplex Mg-Li alloys might show remarkable superplasticity at low temperatures. Finally, the future prospects and distinct research suggestions are summarized. Accordingly, this paper presents the opportunities that superplastic Mg alloys can offer for the biomedical industries.     

Mg-Li系合金超塑性研究进展

超塑性是材料在一定温度和应变速率下表现出异常高塑性的能力。Mg-Li合金具有超轻的密度、高比刚度和良好的电磁屏蔽能力,可望在航天、军事、汽车、3C电子等领域获得应用。综述了国内外Mg-Li合金超塑性研究现状,介绍了轧制、挤压、等通道转角挤压、搅拌摩擦加工、差速轧制、高压扭转和多向锻造方法获得的超塑性。指出了Mg-Li合金超塑性存在的问题和今后进一步研究的方向。     

Deformation mechanism maps for micro-grained, ultrafine-grained, and nano-grained materials

There are several deformation mechanisms that depend on grain size and are controlled by grain boundary diffusion. These mechanisms include: Coble creep, superplastic flow (micrograin superplastic flow and high-strain rate superplastic flow), and nanograin deformation. By combining the rate-controlling equations of these mechanisms and by making assumptions regarding triple-junction creep, a deformation map based on grain size was constructed. It is demonstrated that this map can account for the locations of experimental data representing three types of deformation behavior: micrograin superplasticity, high-strain rate superplasticity, and nanograin deformation.     

Superplasticity of aluminium alloys grain-refined by zirconium

The superplasticity of aluminium alloys containing magnesium, oint, iron and manganese as well as zirconium as a grain-refining addition element was investigated by high-temperature tensile tests. The tool elongation and the strain rate sensitivity as a function of strain rate and temperature were determined. The activation enthalpy and activation volume were also determined in the superlastic region of the deformation. !n addition to the tensile tests metallo-graphic investigations were also made. The results obtained show that the superplasticity of the alloys investigated is increasing by the addition of iron but it is decreasing by the simultaneous addition of iron and manganese.     

Zn－5Al合金超塑性的表面效应

研究了Ｚｎ－５Ａｌ合金超塑变形的表面效应及其影响因素初步结果表明：凡是影响表面的因素，如电镀、表面电荷等，都能影响合金的超塑性变形过程     

超塑性形变中的晶界形态变化及再结晶的作用

为了研究晶界形态及动态再结晶在超塑性形变中的作用,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜,对硬铝ＬＹ１２ 的超塑性形变过程进行了观察、分析．提出金属材料的超塑性主要依靠晶界流态化区的粘性变形来实现,动态再结晶不是超塑性的一种机制．     

Superplasticity and grain boundary sliding in rolled AZ91 magnesium alloy at high strain rates

The superplastic deformation characteristics and microstructure evolution of the rolled AZ91 magnesium alloys at temperatures ranging from 623 to 698 K (0.67–0.76 T_m) and at the high strain rates ranging from 10⁻³ to 1 s⁻¹ were investigated with the methods of OM, SEM and TEM. An excellent superplasticity with the maximum elongation to failure of 455% was obtained at 623 K and the strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹ in the rolled AZ91 magnesium alloys and its strain rate sensitivity m is high, up to 0.64. The dominant deformation mechanism in high strain rate superplasticity is still grain boundary sliding (GBS), which was studied systematically in this study. The dislocation creep controlled by grain boundary diffusion was considered the main accommodation mechanism, which was observed in this study.