Enhanced electrode kinetics and electrochemical properties of low-cost NaFe2PO4(SO4)2 via Ca2+doping as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries

In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising alterna-tives to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Here,a new Na-super-ionic conductor(NASICON)cathode material NaFe2PO4(SO4)2 is successfully prepared through solid state method for SIBs.While the poor electronic conductivity of iron-based materials results in its poor rate and cycle performance.Then the electro-chemical is effectively promoting via Ca2+doping.Na0.84Ca0.08Fe2PO4(SO4)2 have achieved considerable electrochemical properties.The first discharge specific capacity is 121.6mAhg-1 at 25mAg-1 with the voltage platform(～3.1 V)corresponding to Fe2+/3+.After 100 cycles,the capacity retention is 55.1％.The excellent electrochemical performance is caused by some Na+is substituted by Ca2+and leading to the fast sodium kinetics,which is well proved by the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and well corresponding to the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and cyclic voltammetry testing result(the diffusivity values are around at 10-12 cm2 s-1).     

Quantum cascade laser sensor for SO2 and SO3 for application to combustor exhaust streams

We have demonstrated a high-sensitivity, room-temperature quantum-cascade (QC) laser sensor for detection of SO2 and SO3 under conditions relevant to aircraft test combustor exhaust. Two QC lasers probe infrared absorption features at 7.50 and 7.16 microm for SO2 and SO3, respectively, with a common dual-beam detection system. We inferred a noise-equivalent absorbance of approximately 1 x 10(-4) Hz(-1/2). We have demonstrated detection limits for both SO2 and SO3 of 1-2 ppmv m/Hz(1/2) (where ppmv is parts in 10(6) by volume) for 300 torr, elevated temperature, and path lengths near 1 m. This level of sensitivity permits measurement of < 1 ppmv of SO2 and SO3 at these conditions with modest signal averaging.     

Determination of persistent tetracycline residues in soil fertilized with liquid manure by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Little is known about the occurrence and the fate of veterinary drugs in the environment. Therefore, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and employed to investigate in detail the distribution and persistence of the frequently used tetracyclines and tylosin in a field fertilized with liquid manure on April 2000 and April 2001; soil sampling was performed in May 2000, November 2000, and May 2001. We detected 4.0 mg/kg tetracycline and 0.1 mg/kg chlortetracycline in the liquid manure of April 2000, as well as comparable amounts in the liquid manure of April 2001. In the soil samples of May 2001, the highest average concentrations of 86.2 (0-10 cm), 198.7 (10-20 cm), and 171.7 microg/kg (20-30 cm) tetracycline and 4.6-7.3 micro/kg chlortetracycline (all three sublayers) were found. At soil depths between 30 and 90 cm, as well as in soil or groundwater, tetracyclines could not be detected. In addition, oxytetracycline and tylosin could not be detected in any sample investigated. We conclude that tetracyclines enter the environment in significant concentrations via repeated fertilizations with liquid manure, build up persistent residues, and accumulate in soil. Therefore, tetracyclines may have a potential risk and investigations on the environmental effects of these antibiotics are necessary.     

Synthesis and Thermal Expansion of a New Family of Phosphates—Analogs of α-CaMg2(SO4)3

Inorganic Materials - BiFe2(PO4)3 and Bi1–xSbхCr2(PO4)3 (0 &lt; x &lt; 1) solid solutions, isostructural with α?CaMg2(SO4)3 (sp. gr. P63/m), have been prepared via...     

Silsesquioxane as a new building block material for modified electrodes fabrication and application as neurotransmitters sensors

Nanostructured films comprising a 3-n-propylpyridinium silsesquioxane polymer (designated as SiPy+Cl-) and copper (II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CuTsPc) were produced using the Layer-by-Layer technique (LbL). To our knowledge this is the first report on the use of silsesquioxane derivative polymers as building blocks for nanostructured thin films fabrication. Deposition of the multilayers were monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy revealing the linear increment in the absorbance of the Q-band from CuTsPc at 617 nm with the number of SiPy+Cl-/CuTsPc or CuTsPc/SiPy+Cl-bilayers. FTIR analyses showed that specific interactions between SiPy+Cl- and CuTsPc occurred between SO3- groups of tetrasulfophthalocyanine and the pyridinium groups of the polycation. Morphological studies were carried out using the AFM technique, which showed that the roughness and thickness of the films increase with the number of bilayers. The films displayed electroactivity and were employed to detection of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) using cyclic voltammetry, at concentrations ranging from 1.96 x 10(-4) to 1.31 x 10(-3) molL(-1). The number and the sequence of bilayers deposition influenced the electrochemical response in presence of DA and AA. Using differential pulse technique, films comprising SiPy+/-/CuTsPc were able to distinguish between DA and ascorbic acid (AA), with a potential difference of approximately with 500 mV, in the concentration range of 9.0 x 10(-5) to 2.0 x 10(-4) molL(-1), in pH 3.0.     

Effect of caged fluorescent dye on the electroosmotic mobility in microchannels

We report on measurements of electroosmotic mobility in polymer microchannels and silica capillaries with and without the addition of a caged fluorescein dye to the buffer. For PMMA microchannels, the mobility was found to increase from (2.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) to (4.6 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) upon addition of 1.2 mmol/L of caged dye. For PC microchannels, the mobility increased from (4.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) to (5.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) upon addition of caged dye. For PDMS microchannels, the mobility increased from (4.3 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) to (6.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) upon addition of caged dye. For fused-silica capillaries, the mobility ((5.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1)) was unaffected by the addition of the caged dye.     

A complementary electrochromic device with highly improved performance based on brick-like hydrated tungsten trioxide film

Uniform and well adhesive nanostructured hydrated tungsten trioxide (3WO3 x H2O) films were grown on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a facile and template-free crystal-seed-assisted hydrothermal method by addition of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that the films are of orthorhombic structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis showed that the film was composed of brick-like nanostructures with a preferred growing direction along (002). The influence of seed layer, (NH4)2SO4 and H2O2 on the products were also studied. The film showed good cyclic stability, comparable switching speed and coloration efficiency (30.1 cm2 C(-1)). A complementary electrochromic device based on the film and Prussian blue depicted highly improved color contrast, coloration/bleaching response (1.8 and 3.7 s respectively) and coloration efficiency (164.6 cm2 C(-1)).     

Spectroscopic investigation of methylated amines by a cavity-ringdown-based spectrometer

High-resolution absorption spectra of gas-phase monomethylamine (MMA, CH(3)NH(2)) and dimethylamine [DMA, (CH(3))(2)NH] in the region of the first overtone of the NH stretch vibration are reported. Measurements were performed with a near-infrared laser spectrometer based on the cavity-ringdown (CRD) detection technique. The minimum detectable absorption coefficient for the CRD detection setup is alpha(min)=1.55 x 10(-8) cm(-1) (for SNR = 1). This corresponds to detection limits of 350 parts in 10(9) (ppb) for MMA and 1.6 parts in 10(6) (ppm) for DMA in synthetic gas mixtures under interference-free conditions, or 10 ppm and 60 ppm for MMA and DMA, respectively, in the case of gas mixtures such as exhaled human breath containing H(2)O, CO(2), and other absorbing gases in this range.     

Anomalous elastic properties of RF-sputtered amorphous TeO2+x thin film for temperature-stable SAW device applications.

The anomalous elastic properties of TeO2+x thin films deposited by rf diode sputtering on substrates at room temperature have been studied. The deposited films are amorphous, and IR spectroscopy reveals the formation of Te-O bond. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the variation in the stoichiometry of TeO2+x film from x=0 to 1 with an increase in the oxygen percentage in processing gas composition. The elastic parameters of the films in comparison to the reported values for TeO2+x single crystal are found to be low. However, the temperature coefficients of elastic parameters of all deposited films exhibit anomalous behavior showing positive values for TC(C11) in the range (32.0 to 600.0)x10(-4) degrees C(-1) and TC(C44)=(35.0 to 645.5)x10(-4) degrees C(-1) against the negative values TC(C11)=-2.7x10(-4) degrees C(-1) and TC(C44)=-0.73x10(-4) degrees C(-1) reported for TeO2+x single crystal. The variation in the elastic parameters and their temperature coefficients is correlated with the change in the three-dimensional network of Te-O bonding. The anomalous elastic properties of the TeO2+x films grown in 100% O2 are useful for potential application in the design of temperature stable surface acoustic wave devices.     

PEO-LiClO4-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7 (PO4)3复合聚合物电解质电导率

将实验室烧制的无机快离子导体盐Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7 (PO₄)₃ 、PEO 与LiClO₄ 按照EO/ Li = 8, 两种锂盐含量为变量进行复合, 通过溶液浇注法制备得到PEO-LiClO₄-Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7 (PO₄)₃ 复合聚合物电解质膜, 以示差扫描热分析法(DSC) 与电化学阻抗( EIS) 测试其性能。DSC 测试结果表明: 按照EO/ Li = 8 将Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7 (PO₄)₃ 、LiClO₄ 与PEO 复合的聚合物电解质中PEO 的结晶度由50.34 %下降到4.36 %～28.53 %。室温下该聚合物电解质所有试样的阻抗谱图在高频区呈现为压缩的半圆, 在低频区为一条倾斜的直线, 而在较高温度时, 阻抗谱图主要为一条倾斜的直线。复合聚合物电解质PEO-LiClO₄-Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7 (PO₄)₃ 的离子电导率遵从Arrhe2nius 关系, 在Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7 (PO₄)₃ 质量分数达到15 %时, 活化能最低, 即4.494425 eV, 此时电导率值最佳, 373 K时为1.161 ×10 -3 S/ cm 和298 K时为7.985 ×10-6 S/ cm。     

Effects of substrate temperature on properties for transparent conducting ZnO: Al films on organic substrate deposited by r.f. sputtering

This paper presents the substrate temperature dependence of opto-electrical properties for transparent conducting Al-doped ZnO films prepared on polyisocyanate (PI) substrates by r.f. sputtering. Polycrystalline ZnO:Al films with good adherence to the substrates having a (002) preferred orientation have been obtained with resistivities in the range from 4.1 x 10(-3) to 5.3 x 10(-4) Ohm .cm, carrier densities more than 2.6 x 10(20) cm(-3) and Hall mobilities between 5.78 and 13.11 cm(2)/V/s for films. The average transmittance reaches 75% in the visible spectrum. The quality of obtained films depends on substrate temperature during film fabrication.     

A Schiff base complex of Zn(II) as a neutral carrier for highly selective PVC membrane sensors for the sulfate ion

Novel polymeric membrane (PME) and coated graphite (CGE) sulfate-selective electrodes based on a recently synthesized Schiff base complex of Zn(II) were prepared. The electrodes reveal a Nernstian behavior over wide SO4(2-) ion concentration ranges (5.0 x 10(-5)-1.0 x 10(-1) M for PME and 1.0 x 10(-7)-1.0 x 10(-1) M for CGE) and very low detection limits (2.8 x 10(-5) M for PME and 8.5 x 10(-8) M for CGE). The potentiometric response is independent of the pH of the solution in the pH range 3.0-7.0. The electrodes manifest advantages of low resistance, very fast response, and, most importantly, good selectivities relative to a wide variety of other anions. In fact, the selectivity behavior of the proposed SO4(2) ion-selective electrodes shows a great improvement compared to the previously reported electrodes for sulfate ion. The electrodes can be used for at least 3 months without any appreciable divergence in potentials. The electrodes were used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of sulfate and barium ions and in the determination of iron in ferrous sulfate tablets.     

Synthesis,Thermal Expansion Behavior and Sintering of Sodium Zirconium Nickel and Calcium Zirconium Nickel Phosphates

Inorganic Materials - New NZP-type solid solutions, Na1+2xZr2–xNix(PO4)3 and Ca0.5+xZr2–xNix(PO4)3 with x = 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50, have been prepared by solid-state reactions. The...     

Anodic deposition of colloidal iridium oxide thin films from hexahydroxyiridate(IV) solutions

A facile, in-situ deposition route to stable iridium oxide (IrO(x)·nH(2)O) nanoparticle thin films from [Ir(OH)(6)](2-) solutions is reported. The [Ir(OH)(6)](2-) solution, made by alkaline hydrolysis of [IrCl(6)](2-), is colorless and stable near neutral pH, and forms blue IrO(x)·nH(2)O nanoparticle suspensions once it is adjusted to acidic or basic conditions. IrO(x)·nH(2)O nanoparticle thin films are grown anodically on glassy carbon, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and gold electrodes by electrolyzing [Ir(OH)(6)](2-) solutions at +1.0-1.3 V versus Ag/AgCl. The thickness of the IrO(x)·nH(2)O films can be controlled by varying the concentration of [Ir(OH)(6)](2-) , the deposition potential, and/or the deposition time. These thin films are stable between pH 1 and 13 and have the lowest overpotential (η) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of any yet reported. Near neutral pH, the Tafel slope for the OER at a IrO(x)·nH(2)O film/Au rotating disk electrode was 37-39 mV per decade. The exchange current density for the OER was 4-8 × 10(-10) A cm(-2) at a 4 mC cm(-2) coverage of electroactive Ir.     

Transparent conducting ZnO : Al films on different organic substrates deposited by r.f. sputtering

1. IntroductionThansparellt conducting zinc oxide films have beenextensively studied in recede years, because of theirlow material cost, relatively low deposition temperature and stability in hydrogen plasma compared withITO and SnOZ films[1]. These adVatages are of considerable interest for electrrvoptical conversion device.Compared with undoped ZnO, Al-doped ZnO filmshave lobed resistivity and better stability. nansparellt conducting films deposited on organic substrateshave many lments…     

原子吸收测定酸雨钾,钠,钙,镁干扰因素探讨及其消除

主要讨论了用原子吸收分光光度法测定酸雨K、Na、Ca、Mg中主要阴离子AC-、NO3-、CIO4-、C1-、SO42-、PO43-F-对测定的干扰和采用硝酸锶做为干扰抑制剂的最佳使用浓度。结果表明:AC-<10.0mg/L、CIO4-<10.0mg/L、C1-<15.0mg/L、F-<10.0mg/L对K、Na、Ca、Mg测定无干扰;酸雨中含有大于0.50mg/L的PO34-、NO3-就可降低钙的吸光度,但含量达10.0mg/L也不影响K、Na、Mg的测定;含有大于0.50mg/L的SO24-对钙镁的测定都有抑制作用,且随着干扰物浓度的提高吸光值有变小的趋势,选择0.5%硝酸锶可消除以上干扰。     

Recovery of H2SO4 from waste acid solution by a diffusion dialysis method

A diffusion dialysis method using anion exchange membrane was used to recover H2SO4 from waste sulfuric acid solution produced at the diamond manufacturing process. Effects of flow rate, operation temperature, and metal ion concentration on the recovery of H2SO4 were investigated. The recovery of H2SO4 increased with the concentration of H2SO4 and operation temperature. It also increased with the flow rate ratio of water/H2SO4 solution up to 1, above which no further increase was observed. The flow rate did not affect the rejection of Fe and Ni ions. About 80% of H2SO4 could be recovered from waste sulfuric acid which contained 4.5M free-H2SO4 at the flow rate of 0.26x10(-3) m3/hm3. The concentration of recovered H2SO4 was 4.3M and the total impurity was 2000 ppm. Preliminary economic evaluation has revealed that the dialysis system is highly attractive one that has payback period of only few months.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2-2x/3Mnx（PO4）3的溶胶凝胶法合成和电化学性能

以CH3COOLi·2H2O、V2O5、Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O、(NH4)2HPO4和蔗糖为原料,采用溶胶–凝胶法合成了掺锰磷酸钒锂/碳(Li3V2-2x/3Mnx(PO4)3/C)复合正极材料,用XRD、XPS、SEM、电化学性能对样品进行了表征.测试结果表明,少量锰的掺杂并未改变Li3V2(PO4)3/C的单斜结构,Li3V1.94Mn0.09(PO4)3中的Mn和V分别以+2和+3价存在,其颗粒类似球形,直径比较均匀且小于200 nm,并表现出良好的电化学性能.在0.1C倍率和3.0～4.8 V电压内,该样品的首次充、放电容量分别为182.1和168.8 mAh/g,放电效率高达92.69%,而且100次循环后,其放电比容量仍是首次放电容量的77.4%.     

Structural and electrical characteristics of gallium tin oxide thin films prepared by electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Gallium tin oxide composite (GTO) thin films were prepared by electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD). The organometallics of tetramethlytin and trimethylgallium were used for precursors of gallium and tin, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization indicated that the gallium tin oxide composite thin films show the nanopolycrystalline of tetragonal rutile structure. Hall measurement indicated that the Ga/[O+Sn] mole ratio play an important role to determine the electrical properties of gallium tin composite oxide thin films. n-type conducting film obtained Ga/[O+Sn] mole ratio of 0.05 exhibited the lowest electrical resistivity of 1.21 x 10(-3) ohms cm. In our experimental range, the optimized carrier concentration of 3.71 x 10(18) cm(-3) was prepared at the Ga/[O+Sn] mole ratio of 0.35.     

Gain saturation measurements of ytterbium-doped Sr5(PO4)3 F

We report on the experimental measurement of the saturated gain of Yb(3+):Sr(5)(PO(4))(3)F at the 1047-nm laser line as a function of pump fluence and probe energy. The emission line was accurately modeled as a single homogeneous extraction, yielding values of 6.2 x 10(-20) cm(2) for the emission cross section and 3.3 J/cm(2) for the saturation fluence.