CSS法制备CdZnTe薄膜时衬底温度的影响规律

采用近空间升华法(close-spaced sublimation,CSS),以CdZnTe化合物粉料为原料制备了CdZnTe薄膜,采用XRD、SEM、紫外光谱仪等对其进行了性能表征,并研究了不同生长温度对薄膜生长速率、结构、Zn含量和光学特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,薄膜的生长速率随着生长温度的升高而增大,且温度>5...     

Ag(TCNQ)纳米晶须的生长机理

本文采用真空饱和蒸汽反应法在相对较低的温度下制备了一系列一维纳米结构的金属有机配合物Ag(TCNQ).用多晶XRD谱表征了样品的成份和晶体结构,通过SEM观察到了不同生长阶段的形貌.纳米晶须的生长分别经历了溶解、结晶和单向生长三个阶段.在此基础上,利用VLS模型初步解释了其生长机理.     

非晶硅薄膜上碘化汞多晶薄膜的生长及其性能

采用改进后的带有真空活塞的热壁物理气相沉积装置在非晶硅薄膜上制备HgI2多晶薄膜,使薄膜生长的操作过程更加简单安全.用边抽真空边生长薄膜的方式,可以获得较大的生长速率.通过改变不同的沉积参数,对获得的薄膜,采用XRD、SEM、I-V特性以及电容频率特性等手段对其进行表征,结果表明,获得了沿<001>晶向柱状生长且晶粒大小均匀、电阻率为2.5×1011Ω·cm、相对介电常数为5.53的薄膜.     

Sn晶须的转向生长机制

为深刻理解Sn晶须转向生长现象的本质并建立其生长机制,利用稀土相CeSn3与ErSn3易氧化的特性实现了Sn晶须的加速生长,采用扫描电镜观察了Sn晶须在快速生长过程中展现出的生长行为.实验结果表明,时效过程中在稀土相的表面生长出大量的Sn晶须,一些Sn晶须的生长方向发生连续改变,少数Sn晶须在转向生长的同时出现变截面生长现象.Sn晶须根部的受力不均是其产生转向生长的原因,而Sn原子的供给速率与Sn晶须生长速率的不协调是Sn晶须产生变截面生长的原因.     

化学气相沉积法制备GaN纳米线及其形貌结构和生长机理研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法,分别以Ni、Au为催化剂,氨化金属Ga制备出GaN纳米线。运用SEM,EDX,TEM等表征手段分析了GaN纳米线的形貌与结构。通过改变氨化温度、生长时间、催化剂、衬底以及Ga源和衬底间的距离等生长条件,研究了其对GaN纳米线形貌和结构的影响,通过分析探讨纳米线的生长过程与机制,得到了生长GaN纳米线的最佳工艺。     

导模法生长微孔蓝宝石晶体工艺及性能研究

采用导模法生长了内孔径470 μm的蓝宝石晶棒和内孔径160 μm板形蓝宝石晶体。基于求解拉普拉斯方程的数值解, 得到生长界面处微孔的熔体膜轮廓曲线, 采用插入钼丝的方法设计了生长模具以形成和维持晶体内的微孔尺寸, 同时解决了微孔蓝宝石长晶生长过程中的两个难点: (1)获得高质量的蓝宝石晶体; (2)在蓝宝石晶体中形成并维持所需的内孔尺寸。所生长的晶体透明完整、无开裂、双晶摇摆曲线测定显示其衍射半峰宽为3.8°, 具有良好的结晶质量     

不同籽晶对KDP晶体质量的影响

采用Z片籽晶和锥头籽晶分别进行传统降温法生长KDP晶体,并对其高分辨摇摆曲线、锥光干涉图以及消光比进行测试研究。实验发现,KDP晶体在不同籽晶下均能实现较好的生长稳定性,采用锥头籽晶生长的KDP晶体具有相对更好的晶体质量。     

化学浴沉积过程中的氧化锌微米棒与纳米棒研究

采用化学浴沉积法在氧化锌种子层上制备了整齐有序且具有c轴取向的氧化锌纳米棒,同时还出现了自由分布的微米棒,其生长速度高于纳米棒,且生长模式符合扩散控制"Ostwald熟化"机制,但纳米棒生长过程的影响因素除扩散过程外还有形核密度、生长界面的反应动力学等.并研究了氧化锌纳米棒的微观结构和光学性质.     

Cu基Al掺杂ZnO多层薄膜的生长及其性能

本文采用直流磁控溅射技术在玻璃衬底上制备了AZO/Cu、Cu/AZO和AZO/Cu/AZO三种复合结构多层膜,研究了生长温度对多层膜特性的影响,发现AZO/Cu双层薄膜具有最优的光电性能,其最佳生长温度为100~150℃。文中进一步考察了生长温度对AZO/Cu双层薄膜结构性能和表面形貌的影响,结果表明：合适的生长温度有...     

HVPE生长基座结构优化

GaN氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长过程中,衬底表面的温度分布对其生长质量有着重要影响。我们采用计算机模拟,研究了GaN生长过程中所使用的不同结构石墨基座上的温度分布。根据所得不同结构下基座上的温度分布,选择衬底上温度分布最均匀的结构与普通实验使用的基座结构进行实验对比。结果发现,在实际的大流量载气的GaN生长中,采用优化的圆弧凹面结构石墨基座实验组的GaN晶体外延层的生长速率、生长质量和均匀性等比普通方法生长的更好。本文得到的不同HVPE生长环境下的基座结构优化设计方案,为HVPE炉体的设计和氮化物生长具有很好的指导意义。     

SnO_2纳米线的合成与结构表征

采用化学气相沉积法在经表面活性剂与硝酸镍的混合溶液处理过的硅衬底上成功制备出了直径均匀可控的二氧化锡(SnO2)纳米线。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、X射线衍射等手段对样品的表面形貌、微结构及成分等进行了表征分析。并在此基础上讨论了纳米线所遵循的生长机理。     

锡催化生长氧化硅纳米线的制备和表征

使用高纯SnO2粉和石墨粉混合物作为锡催化剂的来源,硅片作为硅的来源和产物生长的基底,用化学气相沉积法在硅片上准备了有序排列的氧化硅纳米线组成的微米结构,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能谱仪(EDX)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射谱图(SAED)对其进行了表征.结果表明:直径为5-15 μm,长度达到5...     

Sn-catalyzed growth of MgO nanowires

We reported the fabrication and characterization of MgO nanowires, which were grown by thermal evaporation of the mixture of MgB2 and Sn powders at 800 degrees C through a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process. We characterized as-synthesized MgO nanowires using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Sn nanoparticles were located at the tips of the nanowires, serving as catalyst for the growth of MgO nanowires. The produced nanowires were of cubic MgO structures with diameters in the range of 10-170 nm. The PL measurement with a Gaussian fitting exhibited visible light emission bands centered at 403, 576, and 720 nm.     

Nanostructures of Sn and their enhanced, shape-dependent superconducting properties

A noncatalytic and template-free vapor transport process was developed to make possible simultaneous growth of single-crystalline tin nanowires, nanosquares, nanodisks, and polycrystalline nanoparticles. The formation of such a rich variety of morphologies in a single growth experiment can be attributed to variations in the growth rate among different crystallographic planes when employing the vapor-solid growth mechanism. Structural characterization with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals a preferential growth direction of [100] in Sn nanowires, nanosquares, and nanodisks. Shape-dependent superconducting properties are observed. These four types of Sn nanostructures all show typical diamagnetic behavior in magnetization measurements, with the three anisotropically shaped nanostructures (nanowires, nanosquares, and nanodisks) showing one order of magnitude enhancement in the working magnetic field ranges for superconductivity, compared to bulk Sn and Sn nanoparticles. The magnetic field range is broadest for nanowires, followed by nanodisks, nanosquares, and nanoparticles.     

Fabrication, structural characterization and photoluminescence of Q-1D semiconductor ZnS hierarchical nanostructures

Quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor ZnS hierarchical nanostructures have been fabricated by thermal evaporation of a mixture of ZnS nanopowders and Sn powders. Sn nanoparticles are located at or close to the tips of the nanowires (or nanoneedles) and served as the catalyst for quasi-one-dimensional ZnS nanostructure growth by a vapour-liquid-solid mechanism. The morphology and microstructure of the ZnS hierarchical nanostructures were measured by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that a large number of ZnS nanoneedles were formed on the outer shells of a long and straight ZnS axial nanowire. The ZnS axial nanowires grow along the [001] direction, and ZnS nanoneedles are aligned over the surface of the ZnS nanowire in the radial direction. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum exhibits a UV weak emission centred at 337?nm and one blue emission centred at 436?nm from the as-synthesized single-crystalline semiconductor ZnS hierarchical nanostructures.     

Sonochemical fabrication and characterization of ceria (CeO2) nanowires

Ceria (CeO2) nanowires have been successfully synthesized by a sonochemical method in ambient air and alkali aqueous solution from CeO2 nanoparticles without using any templates. The results showed that both alkali concentration and ultrasonic irradiation played critical roles in the formation of the nanowires. The crystalline structure and dimensions of the nanowires were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The UV-visible absorption spectrum result showed that the products had conspicuous shape-specific effect. Microstructural analysis in HRTEM revealed that the preferential growth direction of CeO2 nanowires was [110]. Moreover, the catalytic activity of Au/CeO2 using CeO2 nanowires as support for CO conversion was higher than that obtained using bulk CeO2 as support.     

SiO2纳米颗粒复合Bi2Te3纳米线阵列的制备

为结合一维纳米材料和纳米颗粒复合材料的优点,本文尝试进行了在氧化铝模板(AAO)中生长Bi2Te3-Si O2纳米颗粒复合纳米线阵列。通过在电化学溶液中添加Si O2纳米颗粒,制备包含纳米颗粒的Bi-Te纳米线阵列。应用XRD、SEM、TEM等方法对合成的样品进行了分析观察。研究发现Si O2纳米颗粒的加入对纳米线的形貌和结构都有明显的影响。在模板法沉积Bi2Te3纳米线阵列时,添加Si O2纳米颗粒将明显改变纳米线生长方式,Bi2Te3纳米线不再是等径的纳米棒,而是枝晶生长过程,最后形成Z字型的不断反复弯折纳米线,该枝晶状纳米线的直径远小于模板的孔径。这一新颖的现象为制备直径更小,并具备精细界面结构的纳米线热电材料提供了一种新的可能途径。     

One-pot In-situ Synthesis of Sn/Carbon-fibers Nanocomposite by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Li-storage Properties

Sn/carbon-fibers(CFs) nanocomposite has been prepared by chemical vapor deposition with in-situ catalytic growth of CFs.The nanocomposite has been characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Raman spectrum.The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite has been investigated by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry(CV).It has been found that a three-dimensional conductive network forms by the interconnected CFs,which offers conductive channels for the Sn nanoparticles.The nanocomposite gives a first charge capacity of 385 mAh.g-1 and exhibits an improved cycling stability than bare Sn.     

ZnO-Sn:ZnO core-shell nanowires and ZnO-Zn2SnO4 comb-like nanocomposites

Novel single-crystalline ZnO-Sn:ZnO (SZO) core-shell nanowires and ZnO-Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) comb-like nanocomposites were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition at a low temperature of 650 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show the diameters and lengths of the core-shell nanowires are in ranges of 25-60 nm and 300-500 nm, respectively. The atomic ratios of Sn to (Zn + Sn) in the central and shell parts of the nanowire are 0.4 at.% and 6.1 at.%, respectively. The ZnO-ZTO comb-like nanocomposites possess ZnO nanocombs with ZTO nano-layers deposited on both sides of them. The ZnO branches and ZTO layers are single-crystalline wurtzite and spinel structures growing along the [0002] and [111] directions, respectively. Room-temperature cathodoluminescence measurements show the nanocomposites exhibit strong ultraviolet (UV) emissions at 300, 384 nm, and a broad green emission. The novel luminescence shows promising singularity for opto-electronic applications.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and gas sensing properties of different titanate nanostructures

Anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles and other three different morphologies of titanate nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanosheets and nanowires were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of the final products were characterized with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Phase analysis was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD). A novel formation mechanism from anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles to titanate nanowires is proposed based on FE-SEM. The gas sensing properties to ethanol were also investigated. The results indicate that nanotubes, nanosheets, nanowires show much less resistance and larger response than nanoparticles.