Research on sustainable evolution of China's cloud manufacturing policies

The emergence and development of China's cloud manufacturing benefit from the national government's policies drive. The measurement and analysis based on the policy text will help clarify the evolution mechanism of cloud manufacturing and provide guidance and suggestions for the landing and application of cloud manufacturing. By collecting and sorting out China's cloud manufacturing policies from 2010 to 2020, using social network analysis, content analysis and other methods, Ucinet, ROST and other software, the sustainable evolution law of China's cloud manufacturing policies from the perspectives of policy issuing departments, policy focus topics and policy tools is explored. The research shows that the State Council of the People's Republic of China and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China are the core departments of policy issuing, and the topics of policies concerned mainly cover four aspects: “cloud manufacturing development goals, cloud manufacturing object-oriented, cloud manufacturing operation links and cloud manufacturing foundation”, and various policy tools are comprehensively used in various policies. The evolution of cloud manufacturing policies presents obvious stage characteristics, which mainly goes through three stages: “encouraging development-top-level design-implementation guidance”. China's cloud manufacturing industry is still in the development stage, and it is urgent to introduce policies that directly affect the industry. The government should continue to improve the policy system by strengthening the joint publication of departments and improving the structural imbalance of policy tools.     

医疗装备产品研发中的人机交互和创新设计

目的 新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速了人工智能、前沿生物、信息网络和现代制造业的发展,也催生了跨学科、跨领域的新型医疗装备产品不断涌现。针对我国中高端医疗装备长期依赖进口这一现状,《十四五医疗装备产业发展规划》已明确将高端医疗装备研发作为“健康中国”的重要发展战略。因此将从人机交互和整体设计角度,阐述工业设计在医疗装备研发中的积极作用。 方法 介绍了我国医工交叉的发展,阐述了工业设计在医疗装备产品研发中的作用,以团队设计产品为例,介绍了典型医疗装备产品研发中的设计创新,最后指出了医疗装备设计创新所面临的机遇与挑战,以及医疗装备产业未来发展趋势。结果 指出在“健康中国”战略的指导下,工业设计将融入制造业战略规划、产品研发、生产制造和商业运营全周期,在医学服务向健康服务转变过程中,工业设计必将赋能医工交叉,形成与医疗装备体系全领域深度融合发展新模式。结论 分析表明,面对新发展阶段人民日益增长的医疗卫生健康需求对医疗装备发展提出的新任务新要求,聚焦临床需求和健康保障,强化医工协同,发挥设计学科优势,推动医疗装备产品研发、生产制造以及系统服务方面的创新发展。     

基于专利视角的中国智能语音技术发展态势研究

利用inco Pat科技创新情报平台对智能语音领域专利信息进行检索,经过清洗、标引形成数据库并进行分析,以了解中国智能语音技术的研发态势、技术布局、竞争格局。分析表明,2000年以来中国智能语音领域专利申请处于快速增长阶段,2000-2011年处于技术成长期,2011年之后处于技术换代期。中国智能语音领域专利申请集中在语音识别系统中的后端处理、声学模型、降噪处理等方面。自然语言理解专利申请年均增长率最高,是新的研发热点。将专利权人研究强度分为专注型、新秀型、奠基型和追随型,并据此对全球语音关键技术专利申请排名前25位专利权人进行了分类,其中的3位中国专利权人分布于新秀型和专注型。美国和中国是全球智能语音领域的主要竞争者。中国国内机构海外专利申请数量较少,在智能语音产业链上的参与企业数量、类型仍然偏少。     

Toward New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing

Intelligent manufacturing is a general concept that is under continuous development. It can be categorized into three basic paradigms: digital manufacturing, digital-networked manufacturing, and new-generation intelligent manufacturing. New-generation intelligent manufacturing represents an in-depth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence (AI) technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through every link in the full life-cycle of design, production, product, and service. The concept also relates to the optimization and integration of corresponding systems; the continuous improvement of enterprises’ product quality, performance, and service levels; and reduction in resources consumption. New-generation intelligent manufacturing acts as the core driving force of the new industrial revolution and will continue to be the main pathway for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in the decades to come. Human-cyber-physical systems (HCPSs) reveal the technological mechanisms of new-generation intelligent manufacturing and can effectively guide related theoretical research and engineering practice. Given the sequential development, cross interaction, and iterative upgrading characteristics of the three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing, a technology roadmap for “parallel promotion and integrated development” should be developed in order to drive forward the intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry in China.     

Engineering management for high-end equipment intelligent manufacturing

The high-end equipment intelligent manufacturing (HEIM) industry is of strategic importance to national and economic security. Engineering management (EM) for HEIM is a complex, innovative process that integrates natural science, technology, management science, social science, and the human spirit. New-generation information technology (IT), including the internet, cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, have made a remarkable influence on HEIM and its engineering management activities, such as product system construction, product life cycle management, manufacturing resources organization, manufacturing model innovation, and reconstruction of the enterprise ecosystem. Engineering management for HEIM is a key topic at the frontier of international academic research. This study systematically reviews the current research on issues pertaining to engineering management for HEIM under the new-generation IT environment. These issues include cross-lifecycle management, network collaboration management, task integration management of innovative development, operation optimization of smart factories, quality and reliability management, information management, and intelligent decision making. The challenges presented by these issues and potential research opportunities are also summarized and discussed.     

Community-level characteristics and member firms’ invention: evidence from university–industry innovation community in China

Increased attention has been drawn to the phenomenon of community-based innovation; however, researchers have mainly emphasized firm-centric communities, paying little attention to non-firm members. This study focuses on university–industry (U–I) innovation communities to address this gap. Using China’s joint patent application data from 2000 to 2017, we construct a U–I collaboration network, identified existing U–I innovation communities, and reveal community-level characteristics of birth, expansion, maturity, and self-renewal in a lifecycle framework. The results suggest that average geographical distance negatively affects firm invention production and within-community knowledge diversity positively affects firm innovation. The effects of dynamic attributes indicate that U–I community membership turnover affects member firm’s patent production in an inverse U-shaped manner. In addition, a firm’s within-community network position exerts a moderating effect on the relation between community membership dynamics and firm innovation. In theoretical terms, this study combines innovation community and social network theories, using a lifecycle framework to examine the influence of the specified characteristics in facilitating member firms’ invention productivity. Finally, this study discusses the practical implications for U–I community stakeholders and policymakers.

     

科技创新与变革助力包装企业可持续发展的策略研究

针对我国包装工业发展情况进行综合分析,总结包装工业发展存在的问题和面临的机遇,提出包装企业科技创新和变革发展策略,以实现包装企业可持续发展。结合国家宏观发展政策和产业实际发展需求,提出从自主创新能力、包装智能制造及两化融合、互联网+包装新业态、包装绿色制造、创新人才培养、品牌塑造等方面实现包装企业创新与变革,助力包装企业实现可持续发展,提升包装产业创新发展水平,实现包装行业的变革和创新。     

The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis

China’s economy and technology have experienced spectacular growth since the Opening-up Policy adopted in 1978. In order to explore the innovation process and development of China, this study examines the inventive activities and the collaboration pattern of university, industry and government (UIG) in China. This study analyzes the Chinese patent data retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Three models of UIG relations which represent different triple helix configurations are introduced. According to the property of patent assignee, patent ownership can be divided into three types: individuals, enterprises, and universities and research institutes. Furthermore, enterprises can be classified into state-owned enterprise (SOE), private-owned enterprise (POE) and foreign enterprise (FE). The corresponding relationship of patent ownership with UIG is set up. Through analyzing the issued year, it is found that the inventive activities of China have experienced three developmental phases and have been promoted quickly in recent years. The achievement of innovation activities in China primarily falls on the enterprise, especially FEs and POEs. The innovation strengths of the three development phases have shifted from government to university and research institute and then industry. According to co-patent analysis, it is found that the collaboration between university and industry is the strongest and has been intensified in recent years, but other forms of collaboration among UIG have been weak. In addition, an innovation relation model of China was set up. The evolution process of innovation systems was explored, from etatistic model, followed by improved “laissez-faire” model, and then shifting toward triple helix model.     

Patent collaboration networks in Sweden and Spain during the Second Industrial Revolution

ABSTRACT

This article aims to analyse and compare the patent collaboration networks of Spain and Sweden during the Second Industrial Revolution, a key period for technological and industrial development in several economies and the distinct development paths taken by these two countries. The data used are from two new historical patent datasets for Spain and Sweden for the period 1878–1914. To study the structure of collaboration networks in both countries, we applied social network analysis methods and focused on two specific key network properties: connectivity and openness to external nodes. The results demonstrate that collaboration networks were better connected and more open to foreign influence in Sweden than in Spain. This research opens new paths for further multidisciplinary studies both on the evolution of industrial economies and on innovation networks dynamics.     

Is China's industrial policy effective? An empirical study of the new energy vehicles industry

China's traditional automobile industry lags behind that of the developed countries, but the development of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) is an opportunity to catch up with the global automobile industry. In China, there has been a widespread attempt to “overtake on the curve” by developing cleaner technology for NEVs. To help with this transition, the Chinese government has introduced a large number of policies to promote the development of the NEV industry. In this study, we examined whether these policies have been effective by analyzing data about policies for China's NEV industry from 2006 to 2018, as well as the NEV patents filed in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Korea, and China from 1988 to 2018. This paper uses quantitative analysis of policies and factor analysis. The results of the policy quantification regression analysis show that China's industrial policy has a significant influence on the number of patents. For example, China's aim to promote technological progress has been effective in developing an indigenous NEV industry, but whether China will succeed in “overtaking on the curve” is still unclear. The current state of development of NEV patents does not show China have a leading edge in NEV technology. China's NEV industry policies should be further strengthened, especially the core policies on technological innovation.     

The impact of small world on patent productivity in China

Based on the patent co-authorship data from State Intellectual Property Office of China, this paper examines the evolution of small world network and its impact on patent productivity in China. Compared with the western countries, the small-world phenomenon of the innovation network in China is becoming more obvious. Empirical result shows that the small world network may only have significant impact on patent productivity in those patent productive provinces, e.g., Beijing and Guangdong that filed larger number of patents. Although the collaborations in the network are more endurable in China than ones in western countries, it may be less efficient in transmitting knowledge because of large ratio of administration oriented state owned enterprises (SOEs). With larger ratio of SOEs, the small world network has longer path length and knowledge thus flows less efficiently in Beijing than in Guangdong. The policy implication of the findings lies in that the Chinese government should let the market rather than the administration determine the collaboration of technological innovation, in order to encourage innovation and establish an effective small world network for speeding up flow of knowledge among different type of firms during the innovative process.     

探析梁平蓝印花布文化创意产品创新途径

目的在国家积极倡导以文化创意带动产业发展的新形式下,重庆地区具有代表性的非物质文化遗产——梁平蓝印花布在当今的传承需要可持续的生产性保护,进行文创产业开发是重要的发展途径。方法分析探讨设计创新手段和产业创新手段,寻找有效地开发地区传统文化资源的方式和促进重庆非物质文化遗产文化创意产品创新发展的途径。结论通过整合非遗资源,将生活美学融入潮流设计可以提高产品的竞争力;通过跨界合作,推动集群发展,利用高校与政府的强强联手可以提升产业的竞争力,逐步探寻出一条具有重庆特色的文创产品发展道路。     

The effects of technological innovation on sustainable development and environmental degradation: Evidence from China

Despite the rapid progress of the global economy and technology's key role, severe environmental and ecological challenges must be given proper attention to advance sustainable development. This paper uses the autoregressive distributed lag method on 40 years of data to investigate the impact of technological innovation on China's sustainable development and determine the channels through which technological innovation contributes to sustainable development. Our empirical results demonstrate that technological innovation is an important driver in promoting sustainable development, revealing that innovation adds to economic growth without harmful effects on the environment. The results also indicate that financial development significantly adds to China's sustainable development through carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions reduction, and economic growth further triggers the sustainability process by reducing CO₂ emissions. The findings of this paper enhance existing theories and contribute to the progress of sustainable development in China, the novel results outlining industry development drivers could potentially be used for developing global innovation policies integration.     

适老化智能产品的设计与开发策略

研究适老化智能产品的设计与开发策略。以互联网 大数据时代为背景,通过比较分析国内外的适老化智能产品,发现企业未来的发展方向更加趋向于产品研发技术的软硬件融合。基于我国智能技术、适老化产品的市场现状和潜在的消费需求、开发价值,提出适老化智能产品的设计方法与开发策略。在互联网 大数据的渗透下,加速了我国传统制造业的转型升级,智能化与情感化将成为未来适老化产品开发的两大趋势。智能产品开发能够满足老年群体的基本物质需求与精神情感需求,解决空巢老年人的孤独感,因此其市场开发潜力较大。功能定制式与情感体验式的设计方法是针对老年人的生理特征而进行的产品开发方式,能够满足老年消费市场的多样化需求。     

Human–Cyber–Physical Systems (HCPSs) in the Context of New-Generation Intelligent Manufacturing

An intelligent manufacturing system is a composite intelligent system comprising humans, cyber systems, and physical systems with the aim of achieving specific manufacturing goals at an optimized level. This kind of intelligent system is called a human–cyber–physical system (HCPS). In terms of technology, HCPSs can both reveal technological principles and form the technological architecture for intelligent manufacturing. It can be concluded that the essence of intelligent manufacturing is to design, construct, and apply HCPSs in various cases and at different levels. With advances in information technology, intelligent manufacturing has passed through the stages of digital manufacturing and digital-networked manufacturing, and is evolving toward new-generation intelligent manufacturing (NGIM). NGIM is characterized by the in-depth integration of new-generation artificial intelligence (AI) technology (i.e., enabling technology) with advanced manufacturing technology (i.e., root technology); it is the core driving force of the new industrial revolution. In this study, the evolutionary footprint of intelligent manufacturing is reviewed from the perspective of HCPSs, and the implications, characteristics, technical frame, and key technologies of HCPSs for NGIM are then discussed in depth. Finally, an outlook of the major challenges of HCPSs for NGIM is proposed.     

价值网络背景下设计产业价值共创机制研究

目的 设计产业价值网模式为设计产业转型和发展提供了新思路。明确设计产业价值网的内涵、要素和运行特征,为研究和实践设计产业价值挖掘和拓展提供理论参考;探索设计产业价值网的共创机制,为设计驱动产业协同创新发展、互利共赢提供有效思路。方法 从经济学价值网的视角出发,剖析和总结不同时期设计价值的形成与发展模式,厘清设计产业价值网形成的内外价值网络结构和主体构成要素,并分析各要素在价值网内部参与价值创造的具体任务,总结设计产业价值网的运行特征,进而探索设计产业价值共创机制。结论 设计产业从价值链向价值网演进是智能互联时代的必然趋势,价值共创是设计产业价值网发展的最终目标。群智设计、平台赋能和资源整合的运行特征决定了设计产业价值网群智创新、交互反馈和价值创造的共创机制,调节和保证了内外部价值网络中多要素、多节点之间的利益关系,确保实现多方资源共享和价值共创。     

我国商品包装在智能化转型过程中的问题与对策

目的 为了分析商品包装智能化转型中的问题,推进商品包装的智能化转型。方法 从电子商务的蓬勃发展,智能城市的强力推进,社会对绿色、环保、低碳、“人性化”、“个性化”商品包装的需求,以及推动包装行业的发展等方面,研究传统商品包装面临的挑战和变革,在推进商品包装向智能化变革的进程中,深刻分析智能化包装在技术、成本、受众、标准化等方面存在的问题。结果 力求从人才培养、技术创新、标准建立和扩大宣传等层面,推进商品包装向智能化转变的进程与发展。结论 我国包装行业正处于变革时期,智能化包装作为一种新的包装形式,是未来商品包装发展的方向,推进我国商品包装向智能化转型是当务之急,应依据对策大力推进商品包装向智能化包装转型的进程。     

工业4.0视角下工业设计对制造业转型升级的作用

目的研究工业4.0视角下工业设计对我国制造业转型升级的作用。方法首先简单分析了工业4.0对工业设计的影响,然后分别从国内和国外两个角度说明了我国制造业转型升级压力与动力并存,最后,重点对企业如何利用工业4.0环境下的发展条件,通过工业设计,实现企业转型升级进行了分析。结论工业4.0时代,工业设计通过促进企业产品升级、技术升级、产业结构升级、功能升级来总体实现我国制造业的转型升级。     

Scientific linkage and technological innovation capabilities: international comparisons of patenting in the solar energy industry

From the perspective of science-based innovation, this study introduces measures of both scientific linkage (technology-science correlation index) and technological innovation capabilities (relative growth rate, relative patent position and revealed technological advantage) to compare and analyze the international competitiveness of solar energy technologies among the United States, the European Union, Japan, China and South Korea, based on the solar energy technologies-related patents in the European Patent Office Worldwide Patent Statistical Database. After making international comparisons of their technological development and innovation paradigm, we find that there are different innovation characteristics of various technology fields within the solar energy industry and then propose some relevant policy recommendations for latecomers to implement catch-up strategies. The results show that the leading countries and regions of the solar energy industry such as the United States and the European Union focus mainly on science-based innovation, while Japan and latecomers like China and South Korea pay more attention on technology-based innovation. In addition, those two fields within the solar energy industry present opposite innovation characteristics: solar photovoltaic technologies, especially thin film and organic cells, present strong technological innovation capabilities with high scientific linkage, while solar thermal technologies show strong technological innovation capabilities with low scientific linkage.     

Collaboration Intensity and Regional Innovation Efficiency in Germany—A Conditional Efficiency Approach

Many case studies highlight a positive relationship between regions' innovation performance and the intensity of collaboration among regional organizations. However, few efforts have been made to analyze this relation with quantitative approaches. In addition to a theoretical discussion, the paper presents an empirical investigation on this issue utilizing conditional efficiency analysis and patent co-application data for the Electrics & Electronics industry in 270 German labor market regions. The results show that the relationship between regions' innovation performance and the intensities of regional as well as inter-regional collaboration take the form of an inverted-U shape. Regions with average regional and inter-regional collaboration intensities are found to outperform those characterized by extremely low, high or unbalanced collaboration behavior.