Assessment of insulating package performance by mathematical modelling

A mathematical model has been developed in the present work to describe the temperature change in a typical insulated shipping container as a function of time. The model was created by combining steady state and transient models in a 2D geometry of a typical shipping container and was subsequently validated by an ice melt test and comparison of temperature change obtained from the model and experimental measurement. An excellent agreement was obtained between the computational model developed in this work and experimental results. In addition, a parametric study was also carried out to investigate various factors in controlling the insulation performance of the packaging. It was found that the model has capability of evaluating the effect of a wide range of packaging design parameters such as thermal conductivity, surface emissivity, packaging geometry, and sounding temperature.     

冰激凌PLA保温包装结构设计及其保温性能研究

为了使冰激凌在“最后一公里”配送时始终处于合理的温度范围内,设计了一种基于3D打印技术的保温包装杯。分析了不同容器壁厚、不同外界温湿度对保温杯保温性能的影响,同时建立了关于外界温度-厚度-保温时间的三维曲面模型及曲面方程,并对3种不同温度和厚度的包装模型进行了验证。结果表明:30mm的容器壁厚足以使冰激凌的保温时间达到配送要求的60min;当外界温湿度为23℃/50%RH,30℃/85%RH时,3个测试点的保温时间均能满足最低配送要求,当外界温湿度为40℃/90%RH时,只有中心点的保温时间达到配送要求;理论值与试验值的误差在±10%,该曲面方程具有一定的参考价值。     

SiO2气凝胶改性瓦楞纸板性能研究

目的应用SiO₂气凝胶疏水隔热水性涂料对瓦楞纸板表面进行改性,探究其对瓦楞纸板力学性能、疏水性能、隔热性能的影响。方法通过机械共混和表面改性相结合的方式制备疏水隔热水性涂料,采用线棒涂布器涂布于瓦楞纸板表面,通过测试纸板表面的接触角检验疏水效果,并测试改性后纸板的边压强度、平压强度、戳穿强度和压痕强度;制备90 mm×90 mm×100 mm的隔热包装箱,通过融冰试验测试其隔热效果。结果经SiO₂气凝胶疏水隔热水性涂料改性后的纸板接触角为91.75°,提高了6.25°。改性后纸板的横向边压强度、平压强度、戳穿强度和纵向压痕强度分别提高了5.6%,0.6%,2.4%和2.7%。当SiO₂气凝胶的质量分数为2%时,改性后的纸板具有最优的隔热性能。当湿膜厚度为60μm时,与未涂布的原瓦楞纸板相比,温度可降低13.6℃结论该方法扩大了SiO₂气凝胶在包装行业的应用范围,能为未来保温包装材料提供参考。     

基于仿生结构的吸顶灯电商包装设计

目的 设计大型吸顶灯电商缓冲包装,改变家用吸顶灯电商包装防护能力不足以及结构形式单一的现状,提升消费者的购买体验和品牌价值。方法 使用瓦楞纸板替代EPE缓冲材料,构造“蜂窝正六边形”仿生缓冲结构,提出无盖式与罩盖式2种设计方案。结果 与原包装比较,2款瓦楞纸板缓冲包装的抗压强度分别提高了80.8%与111.2%,快速封拆结构赋予消费者一步操作即可取用产品的便利性,解决了原有包装材料的环境非友好性、用户体验差等问题。结论 2种方案均采用瓦楞纸板仿生缓冲结构设计,不仅提高了包装对灯具的保护性能,而且提升了包装开启的便利性,为大型易碎类商品的电商包装提供了可借鉴的解决方案。     

Practical mathematical model to predict the performance of insulating packages

Thermal insulation is used in a variety of applications to protect temperature‐sensitive products from thermal damage. Several factors affect the performance of insulating packages. These factors include the packaging material, the geometry of the package, the geometry of the product, and the degree of contact between the product and the package. In this study, a comprehensive model which includes all of these factors was developed to predict the performance of the insulating package. First, an equation was derived for the calculation of the thermal resistance of a multilayered wall. The wall resistance was then used in a mathematical model which included the aforementioned factors. Basic heat transfer principles covering conduction, convection and radiation were applied to the model and the package heat penetration rate was calculated. Based on this model, several factors affecting the performance of the insulating package were discussed. Examples of the use of this model for ice requirement calculations were also included. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新型胰岛素包装保温性能优化设计

目的糖尿病这一慢性代谢性疾病,在治疗方法上越来越倾向于早期胰岛素注射治疗,需要注射胰岛素的患者数量不断增多,且更趋于年轻化。针对日益增长的糖尿病人日常携带胰岛素长时间外出使用的需求,而市场上却严重缺乏高效且便携的胰岛素包装保温产品的现状,探索一种新的不仅可以有效提升胰岛素包装保温性能且十分便携可靠的优化设计思路和方法。方法从糖尿病人对高效的保温性能需求出发,从保温和储能材料本身以及产品结构设计两方面入手,通过需求调研,储能与保温材料性能对比分析,以及构件和功能设计等方面进行胰岛素包装保温性能的优化设计。结论得到了一种利用新保温材料与新储能结构设计相结合的全新的胰岛素包装保温性能优化方法,并设计出了一套具体的设计方案。     

鲜鸡蛋的缓冲兼销售包装设计

目的针对鲜鸡蛋自身特点,提出兼具缓冲和促销功能的创意包装结构设计。方法以鸡蛋包装的保护性能为首要目标,基于缓冲包装"六步法"。首先进行鸡蛋物流环境数据采集,其次通过试验掌握鸡蛋本身的力学性能,再次选择环境友好型纸质包装材料进行包装结构d xs设计,最后结合运输环境数据对设计方案打样并进行包装性能测试试验。结果经过等效跌落高度为1.2 m的冲击跌落试验及随机振动试验,内装鸡蛋均无破损,包装件外形完好。结论该包装设计具有良好的缓冲性能、便携性能及促销性能。     

蓄冷箱在疫苗冷链中的研究进展

每年疫苗产品损耗的主要因素之一是冷链运输的失效,在运输过程中使用最为普遍的设备是蓄冷箱。影响蓄冷箱保温性能的因素主要包括保温箱体的绝热性能、蓄冷材料的蓄冷能力及保温包装方式的设计。本文综述了蓄冷箱在疫苗冷链中的研究进展,分析了疫苗蓄冷箱常用保温材料及相变蓄冷材料的选择和应用,并讨论了箱体热阻的计算及蓄冷箱温度的监控。在此基础上指出整体包装和开发相变蓄冷材料的研究方向。     

The interrelation of changes in oxygen content and product quality in modified atmosphere packages of peanuts

The aim of this work was to examine the effect of changes in oxygen content in different types of packages for snacks (multilayer laminated materials, cans) and analyse the changes in the sensorial and physicochemical characteristics of the stored products. Roasted and salted peanuts produced by one of the well‐known companies, packed in modified atmosphere packages (MAP) were the object of this investigation. The interdependence of the changes in oxygen content and product quality was examined in relation to the storage period and type of package used. From the results it can be said that changes in oxygen content in packages of peanuts produce similar effects irrespective of the packaging material used. The correlation observed during storage of peanuts, between changes in oxygen content in different packaging materials and changes of the separate sensorial and physicochemical parameters of the product, especially of the peroxide value, may be a basis for validity forecasting and determination of the optimum composition of gas mixture. This study indicates that evaluation of the quality of packages integrally related to their content should consider both product examination and the package and gas mixture composition, as there may exist an interdependence between quality features of the product and oxygen content in a package. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊Smith控制的热收缩包装机机械节能研究

目的 为了更加高效地提高热收缩包装机在机械节能控制方面的稳定性,优化控制器的控制性能。方法 在充分研究ARM Cortex-M3核心控制器LPC1500的基础上,利用嵌入式环境进行热收缩包装机的机械节能控制器硬件的开发,包括A/D采集模块、信息采集模块以及驱动执行模块等,结合模糊Smith在反馈调节上的优点,提高节能控制性能,再建立机械节能控制的控制器的约束参量的数学模型,进行机械节能方面的深入研究。结果 实验测试结果表明,采用模糊Smith设计的预估器性能更加良好,热收缩包装机节能控制可靠性高,并且能够降低包装机在能量方面的消耗。结论 在热收缩包装机控制方面采用的策略具有优化节能效果,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

生鲜食品储运包装技术研究进展

目的 研究储运包装技术在生鲜食品冷链物流中的应用进展,并提出目前存在的问题。方法 对生鲜食品的生物特性进行分析,综述生鲜食品对包装的基本要求、生鲜食品的物流模式、生鲜食品的包装材料种类及生鲜食品新型功能性储运包装的研发现状。结果 现有的物流模式和包装方式在一定程度上保障了生鲜食品的到货品质,然而并未完全满足消费者的需要,为了更好地满足人们的消费需求,对生鲜储运包装技术的研究方向提出了建议。结论 目前对生鲜食品控温不当问题的入手点多停留在物流运输系统和蓄冷剂的研究上,对于包装保温材料的研究不多,因此还需进一步加大力度开发新型无公害、功能性储运包装技术。     

火炸药产品用包装物现状及发展趋势

目的总结我国火炸药产品用包装物的现状及发展趋势。方法梳理火炸药产品包装物应具有的基本功能,分析国内火炸药产品包装物及其标准现状,指出现有包装物及其标准存在的问题,总结未来火炸药产品用包装物的发展趋势。结果我国火炸药包装物采用的苏式箱包装、木箱包装和纸桶包装等3种形式,虽然能够满足火炸药产品贮存、运输的要求,但其在结构、材质、加工工艺及使用等方面落后的现状,逐渐暴露出不少问题;火炸药包装物标准使用年限长,至今未换版,在使用过程中也存在一定的争议。结论优化包装物的材料和结构,适应火炸药和弹药的自动化、智能化制造需要是未来火炸药产品包装物发展的重要趋势。     

山东出口危险货物包装检验监管分析与建议

目的提升山东地区出口危险货物包装检验监管水平,帮扶企业规避贸易风险、提高产品质量、扩大出口。方法根据山东地区2016年出口危险货物包装业务基本情况(包装检验46 424批,8799万件),总结业务变化(同比分别增长28.9%,27.1%)和检验的不合格信息。结果 2016年危险货物包装性能检验批次、数量分别同比增长了17.4%,13.8%;包装使用鉴定批次、数量分别同比增长了32.2%,64.5%。危险货物包装性能检验与使用鉴定之间成正比关系,性能检验逐年增长,相应的危险货物包装使用鉴定也随之出现了井喷式增长态势。结论归纳了天津"8.12"事件后山东地区业务激增原因和性能检验与使用鉴定不合格情况,从信息化、技术性贸易措施、安全特性检验管理3个方面提出了有针对性的对策建议。     

基于Fluent的多温区保温包装箱温度场仿真分析

目的探究多温区保温包装箱在不同条件下保温箱内部温度场及保温效果的影响。方法以冷藏区(0~8℃)、冷冻区(0℃以下)双温区EPP保温箱为研究对象,采用Ansys Fluent工具建立等比模型,通过实测实验保温时间来验证模型的可靠性。选取蓄冷剂摆放位置、箱体材料、外界环境温度等3个因素,分别进行仿真计算分析其对保温箱内部温度的影响。结果通过仿真模拟得出蓄冷剂侧面摆放时内部空气温度场最为均匀,保温效果最好,保温时间相较于最差的边缘摆放冷藏区提高了41.37%,冷冻区提高了51.59%;3种箱体材料中EPU材料的保温箱保温效果最好,保温时间相较于EPP材料,冷藏区提高了36.84%,冷冻区提高了41.24%;随着外界温度由23℃升高到40℃,箱体保温效果冷藏区降低了59.73%,冷冻区降低了55.04%。结论通过计算机仿真方法可对多温区保温箱温度场进行数值模拟,其结果可为多温区箱体实现多温共配提供一定的理论依据。     

基于瓦楞纸板缓冲系统的电子产品绿色包装解决方案

介绍了绿色包装的概念,并以此为依据对某电子产品进行了缓冲包装和运输包装设计,对设计的包装件进行测试,最终确认产品及包装均未发生失灵、失效或商业性损坏,由此可知此设计的包装方案切实可行.     

智能包装检测系统中光源波长研究

目的通过优化智能包装检测系统中的光源条件,提高多层包装中缺陷内衬纸智能检测的识别率和包装的良品率。方法在智能包装检测系统中,通过改变光源的波长来检测不同颜色的缺陷内衬纸,并对缺陷内衬纸面积检测的像素数量进行分析,来确定合适的光源波长。结果色相性导致红光、绿光及蓝光等可见单色光不能使相同颜色的内衬纸在智能包装检测系统中成像,但在白光、红外光和紫外光照射下可以检测出所有的缺陷内衬纸。进一步分析得知,智能包装检测系统在红外光照射下缺陷内衬纸的成像效果最好;在白光、红外光和紫外光照射下的识别率分别为90.5%, 99.5%, 96.5%,红外光照射下的识别率最高。结论在实际包装车间生产中,为使智能包装检测系统的准确率最高,可根据色相性选择光源或者直接选择红外光光源。     

基于物流运输环境的打印机包装方案分析

目的 研究打印机物流包装方案在运输过程中对打印机的防护性能。方法 对打印机整体包装件进行模拟公路运输路况的随机振动试验,得到产品的响应加速度谱密度曲线;然后建立打印机物流包装的三维模型,通过运用有限元软件Ansys Workbench中的随机振动分析模块（Random Vibration）对整体进行随机振动仿真分析,得到打印机的响应加速度谱密度、总位移、各向应力、等效应力等。结果 由仿真得到的响应加速度谱密度与试验结果相对比,其变化趋势一致,验证了仿真的可靠性,同时验证了该打印机包装方案具有良好的保护性能。结论 该打印机整体包装方案满足公路物流运输的防护要求,同时提供了一种物流运输包装方案的可靠性验证方法。     

一种典型潜热型控温包装的有限元分析

目的研究保温材料厚度、保温材料导热系数、对流系数、温差对一种典型潜热性控温包装保温效果的影响。方法对该种典型控温包装系统进行计算机建模,将建好的模型导入Ansys中,通过分别改变模型中的保温材料厚度、保温材料导热系数、对流系数、温差等参数,以模拟物最先达到临界温度所经历的时间作为保温有效时间,并研究其影响。结果厚度对保温时间影响明显,成正比例关系,在较低的对流系数,较低的温差以及较小的导热系数下它们的变化对保温时间影响明显。结论此种典型控温包装系统在蓄冷剂量一定时,保温容器厚度对其影响明显,温差、对流系数、导热系数在很小的范围内对其影响明显。     

Assessment of technical and environmental performances of wheat‐based foams in thermal packaging applications

This paper presents an assessment of the technical and environmental performance of a wheat‐based foam (WBF) and bio‐composite for shipping chilled products. The thermal conductivity of the WBF was found to be higher than that of polyurethane foams commonly used in high‐value insulation packaging, but close to that of low‐density (expanded polystyrene) EPS foams and significantly lower than that of polyethylene (PE) foams, which are typically used in thermal packaging of foods. The insulation performance of a simple cool box constructed from both the WBF and EPS sandwich panels without the use of any refrigerant was studied experimentally. The comparison demonstrated that the performance of the WBF cool box was comparable to that of the EPS counterpart. Two industrial case studies were conducted on WBF cool boxes with refrigerants in comparison with PE or EPS counterparts. The WBF cool boxes had comparable thermal performance to the EPS and PE counterparts on the basis of identical foam thickness. The performance of the WBF cool boxes was also simulated with finite element (FE) modelling. Good agreement was achieved between experimental data and the FE prediction. The model was then used to assist cool box design. WBF cool boxes made from renewable raw materials are inherently biodegradable and may be used as an alternative to those based on polymer foams in thermal packaging applications. Life‐cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate environmental profiles of cool boxes made with WBF, EPS and PE foams. The WBF cool boxes offer substantially lower global warming and abiotic depletion potentials than equivalent cool boxes made from petrochemical foams. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隔热疏水功能涂料研究进展

目的 归纳隔热疏水涂料的功能实现方法,分析疏水隔热功能涂料在包装中的潜在的应用价值,为新型多功能涂料的制备及其在纸包装领域的应用提供参考和借鉴。方法 梳理并归纳阻隔型、反射型、辐射型等3种类型隔热涂料的工作原理及实现方式,系统介绍几种常见的疏水表面形成机理模型以及制备方法,综述疏水隔热功能涂料的应用研究进展。结果 涂料的制备以及涂布技术已经成熟,疏水隔热功能涂料可涂布于瓦楞纸箱、白卡纸等表面用于食品保温包装。结论 将隔热疏水功能涂料用于纸包装箱,用来保护温敏食品品质和节约冷链运输成本,具有巨大的潜力和广阔的发展前景。