氧化木薯淀粉与丙烯酸丁酯/醋酸乙烯酯的接枝共聚反应研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,以氧化后的木薯淀粉为接枝骨架,制备了氧化淀粉-丙烯酸丁酯-醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚物.考察了氧化剂浓度对黏度及引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度和反应时间对接枝率、接枝效率的影响.实验结果表明,在氧化剂浓度为0.04mol/L,引发剂浓度为9×10-3mol/L,单体浓度为1.0mol/L,反应温度为65℃,反应3h时,反应体系的接枝率和接枝效率较高.通过红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行了结构表征.     

纸包装材料用淀粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物制备工艺的研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,研究了纸包装材料用淀粉/丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物制备工艺,对引发剂浓度、反应温度、单体浓度、反应时间、糊化温度等反应条件进行了考察。结果表明,制备的最佳工艺条件为:糊化温度80℃,单体浓度0.7mol/L,引发剂浓度2.19mmoL/L,反应温度60℃,反应时间3h,单体和引发剂分两次投加。     

淀粉与乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸乙酯的合成与应用研究

以玉米淀粉为接枝骨架,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸乙酯(EA)和乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)为接枝单体,进行接枝共聚,制备淀粉基木材胶粘剂.研究了反应时间、反应温度、引发剂用量以及两单体配比对淀粉与丙烯酸乙酯-乙酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应的影响.结果表明,当引发荆浓度9.7×10-3mol/L、反应温度65℃、反应时间3h、VAc和EA体积比为6:4时,可得到较高的接枝效率和接枝率.     

淀粉与丙烯酸乙酯接枝共聚物的合成与表征

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂,研究了丙烯酸乙酯(EA)与玉米淀粉接枝共聚体系的自由基引发反应规律.实验结果得到较佳的反应条件为:单体浓度1.4939mol/L,引发剂浓度0.0293mol/L,AGU浓度1.1075mol/L,硝酸浓度0.02 mol/L,反应温度50℃,反应时间3h.在以上的反应条件下,转化率(C)可达98.64％,接枝率(G)可达34.92％,接枝效率(GE)可达74.55％.通过对接枝共聚产物的红外分析、核磁共振波谱分析、DSC分析及电镜扫描分析对产物进行了表征.结果表明,EA与淀粉发生了接枝共聚反应.     

丙烯酸丁酯与土豆淀粉接枝共聚反应规律研究

本文以硝酸铈铵为引发剂,研究了丙烯酸丁酯与土豆淀粉接枝共聚的反应规律。实验结果表明,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为3h,单体浓度为1.105mol/l,引发剂浓度为8.80mmol/l时,接枝率较高。并对该反应机理进行了探讨。     

酶解淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯的接枝共聚反应

研究了以α-淀粉酶为降解剂的酶解淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应,利用傅立叶红外谱图及核磁共振谱图进行表征,验证了该反应的发生。探讨了淀粉与醋酸乙烯酯在1∶1的条件下α-淀粉酶、引发剂、乳化剂、反应温度、反应时间等因素对固含量和接枝参数的影响,实验结果表明当淀粉酶用量为625ppm,引发剂用量为1.0%(占淀粉干基质量),乳化剂添加量为3.75%(占淀粉干基质量),反应温度为70℃,反应时间为3.5h时,反应条件最佳。     

淀粉丙烯酰胺反相乳液体系的稳定性及接枝共聚反应

以Span80和Tween80为复合乳化剂,制备了稳定的W/O型淀粉丙烯酰胺反相乳液。探讨了乳化剂HLB值、油水比、乳化剂用量对乳液类型及稳定性的影响,得到最佳配方:乳化剂HLB值6.49、油水比1∶1、乳化剂用量3%。在此反相乳液体系中,成功进行了淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应,通过正交实验得到最佳工艺条件为反应温度50℃、反应时间2 h、引发剂浓度0.0175 mol/L、单体与淀粉质量比1.5。在此实验条件下合成的淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物之聚合率和接枝效率分别可达95.46%和95.10%以上。     

SEBS-丙烯酸接枝共聚物的合成与结构分析

以过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂，在甲苯溶液中进行丙烯酸(AA)接枝SEBS树脂。经红外光谱和光电子能谱(ESCA)分析表明，丙烯酸已接枝到SEBS树脂上。研究了反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度、引发剂浓度等因素对单体转化率、接枝聚合物接枝率、单体接枝效率等的影响。根据实验结果，接枝反应的适宜条件：温度为90℃，引发剂用量为聚合物的10％，丙烯酸用量为5mL，时间6h～8h。     

蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯-g-LME/AA/AM复合功能性衍生物的合成与表征

以蔗渣木聚糖为主要原料,没食子酸为酯化剂,在丙酮溶剂中合成蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯。然后在交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和引发剂过硫酸铵作用下,引发抗坏血酸(LME)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)与蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯发生接枝共聚反应,合成了蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯-g-LME/AA/AM复合功能性衍生物。考察了接枝共聚反应时间、反应温度、引发剂浓度、蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯与混合单体质量比对接枝率(G)、接枝效率(GE)的影响。确定了适宜的接枝共聚反应条件:反应时间5h,反应温度45℃,引发剂浓度0.008mol/L,m(蔗渣木聚糖没食子酸酯)∶m(混合单体)=1∶2。在该反应条件下,G可达31.02%,GE可达76%。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对蔗渣木聚糖和产物的结构进行了表征。     

丙烯酰胺与熔喷聚丙烯非织造布的接枝共聚研究

本实验以熔喷聚丙烯非织造布为基材、KMnO4为引发剂、丙烯酰胺为单体,通过正交实验得到影响反应的优化条件;然后又讨论了各单因素条件对接枝共聚反应的影响变化规律;并对接枝产物的结构及润湿性能进行了分析.结果表明:接枝物的润湿性能明显改善,并且当KMnO4浓度为10*10-3mol/L、H2SO4浓度为0.3mol/L、预处理温度为50℃、单体浓度为0.4mol/L、接枝反应温度为50℃时接枝效果最好.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.