ZM5镁合金TIG焊接接头组织与力学性能

采用TIG焊对ZM5镁合金进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪和拉伸试验机对ZM5镁合金接头的组织特征和力学性能进行研究。结果表明:ZM5合金TIG焊接接头是由热影响区、部分重熔区和焊缝组成。热影响区组织是由初生α-Mg相基体和主要分布在晶界上的α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12共晶相组成;部分重熔区中共晶相不仅大量析出在晶界上,在晶内也呈现出较均匀的弥散析出,而且其β-Mg17Al12相出现显著长大;焊缝组织则是典型的树枝晶形貌,枝晶为初生α-Mg相,枝晶间是α+β共晶相。组织形貌的差异导致接头各区域有着不同的显微硬度,也使得接头的抗拉强度和塑性都低于母材。     

Ti17合金电子束焊接接头的性能及组织分析

分析了Ti17合金真空电子柬焊接接头的显微组织结构及其显微硬度分布规律，并结合室温和高温拉伸试验结果分析了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明，用电子束焊接方法焊接的Ti17合金其焊缝区和热影响区显微组织为β相基体上分布着细长针状α相，母材为典型的α＋β双相网篮组织，焊后焊缝晶粒细化，焊接接头的焊缝区硬度最高，焊缝的抗拉强度和缺口敏感性均高于母材。     

TA23合金不同焊接方法接头组织性能研究

采用CMT、TIG和EBW焊对TA23合金进行焊接,对比分析了不同焊接方法下接头微观组织和力学性能的差异。结果表明,焊接热输入直接影响焊缝晶粒尺寸和焊接接头宽度,TIG焊缝晶粒尺寸最大,CMT次之,EBW最小;EBW接头宽度为5 mm,CMT接头宽度为7 mm,TIG接头达14 mm;3种焊接方法焊缝区域组织均由马氏体α相、片层状α相和残余β相组成,热影响区组织形态介于焊缝和母材组织形态之间;3种焊接方法焊缝区显微硬度和接头抗拉强度均大于母材,其中EBW焊缝区显微硬度值最大,TIG焊接头抗拉强度最高,CMT焊缝显微硬度和接头抗拉强度均居中。     

热处理温度对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行热处理实验,采用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度仪等检测手段,研究不同热处理温度对焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:焊态下,接头焊缝区发生再结晶,界面处为亚稳定β相组织,显微硬度低于母材,接头高周疲劳强度为345 MPa。TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区因焊接速率过快,残留了大量的初生α相。经过焊后热处理,亚稳定β相分解,焊缝析出弥散的(α+β)相。随着热处理温度的升高,细小的次生α相长大,部分发生球化。热处理后,因亚稳定β相分解,焊缝及热力影响区的显微硬度大幅度升高,接头疲劳强度平均提高65 MPa;随着热处理温度的升高,接头热力影响区的断裂韧度增加。     

镁合金AZ31B钎焊接头的钎缝物相及力学性能

以Al基钎料对变形镁合金AZ31B进行了高频感应钎焊,研究了变形镁合金AZ31B钎焊接头的钎缝物相和力学性能.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱分析仪等分析了接头的界面组织及钎缝生成相,测试了接头的抗拉强度及界面生成相的显微硬度.结果表明:钎缝中钎料与母材发生界面反应生成α-Mg,β-Mg17(AI,Zn)12相.钎焊搭接接头平均剪切强度为27MPa,对接接头平均抗拉强度为42MPa.对接接头断口的主要断裂形式为沿晶脆性断裂,断裂主要产生在β-Mg17(AI,Zn)12硬脆相处.     

AZ33M变形镁合金激光焊接接头的组织和性能研究

目的研究AZ33M变形镁合金激光焊接工艺及焊接接头的组织和性能。方法通过对2 mm厚AZ33M变形镁合金板材进行激光焊接,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能试验机等研究了焊接接头的微观组织、物相组成、元素分布、力学性能,并研究了焊后均匀化处理对接头组织及性能的影响。结果焊接接头的焊缝边缘晶粒形态以柱状晶为主;焊缝中含有α-Mg, Mg_(17)Al_(12), MgZn,MgZn_2,Mg_7Zn_3等5种物相。结论通过调整焊接功率、焊接速度和离焦量可以获得力学性能与母材基本一致的焊接接头;中等功率焊接的焊接接头抗拉强度均能达到母材的95%以上,该变形镁合金焊接性能较优异。     

超窄间隙激光焊接TC4钛合金接头组织及性能研究

以TA2为焊丝,采用超窄间隙激光焊接方法焊接了10 mm的TC4钛合金板,间隙为2 mm。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸试验机分析了TC4钛合金接头的组织与性能。结果表明,选取合适的工艺可以实现TC4钛合金超窄间隙激光填丝焊接,获得无缺陷的焊接接头。接头由母材、热影响区、熔合区、焊缝组成,界线清晰。其中热影响区为网篮状组织,焊缝由大β晶粒组成,大晶粒内部为杂乱的α+α′相针状组织,热影响区晶粒明显细化。由于超窄间隙的啮合效应,接头最大抗拉强度为893 MPa,达到母材的84.7%,断裂位置在焊缝中心。焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度高于母材,且在热影响区的显微硬度最大,接头整体显微硬度呈马鞍状分布。     

焊后热处理对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行热处理,研究了不同热处理温度对异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊缝区在TC17侧形成亚稳定β相,在高氧TC4侧形成针状马氏体相.经过热处理后,板条状α相在晶界处析出,针状α相在晶粒内部析出,并且残余α相在保温过程中发生分解,随着热处理温度的升高,析出相逐渐长大.接头焊缝及热力影响区显微硬度在热处理后显著增加.裂纹尖端张开位移(Crack tip opening displacement,CTOD)试验结果表明:接头断裂韧性薄弱区域在焊缝区及TC17侧热力影响区,热处理温度的升高可以明显提高接头薄弱区域的断裂韧性.     

TC4钛合金热丝钨极氩弧焊接头组织性能研究

对TC4钛合金热丝钨极氩弧焊(hot-wire-TIG)焊接接头组织与性能进行研究,采用金相显微镜观察焊接接头各区域的微观组织特点,并对接头显微硬度和力学性能进行了测定。结果表明,钛合金热丝TIG焊接接头内部无焊接缺陷,焊缝性能优良;焊缝为典型的铸造组织,由粗大的柱状晶和少量等轴晶组成,晶粒内部可以看到细长的针状α′相;热影响区形成粗大的等轴晶粒,其组织主要有细针状α相和残余β相构成;焊接接头的抗拉强度均值为924 MPa,与母材相当;热丝TIG焊缝冲击功较母材提升明显,基本达到母材的1.5倍以上,最大达到66 J;焊缝冷弯角度达到指标要求。     

40mm厚TC4钛合金窄间隙激光填丝焊接头组织及性能

利用窄间隙激光填丝焊接工艺完成了40 mm厚TC4钛合金的焊接,通过OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、EBSD等测试方法对接头各区域进行微观组织和结构分析,并测试了其力学性能.结果表明,焊缝截面整体成形良好,无明显未熔合与气孔缺陷.接头三个区域的显微组织相同:焊缝柱状晶内部分布着密集排列的针状α'马氏体和弥散分布的颗粒状的αg相,同一β晶粒内部α'择优取向,大角度晶界比例较高.焊缝中心各区都是典型的α'+β双相结构.热影响区为过渡态组织,越靠近焊缝侧,其组织形态与焊缝处越相似,焊接过程中Al元素向热影响区发生了扩散.焊接接头焊缝区整体硬度高于母材,盖面区最高,平均值约为380HV.接头的抗拉强度最大值为954 MPa,拉伸试样均断在母材,断口为韧性断裂,接头各区室温冲击性能均低于母材.     

室温压缩AZ91镁合金显微组织及β-Mg17Al12相析出动力学

对常温压缩粗镁直接熔炼AZ91镁合金时效处理后的组织及β-Mg17Al12相析出动力学进行研究。结果表明:AZ91镁合金在常温压缩过程中出现大量的孪晶,为β-Mg17Al12相的析出提供了大量的形核基底;时效时β-Mg17Al12相优先在晶界、孪晶界析出,尤其易在孪晶与晶界、孪晶交接处析出并长大,且孪晶内析出的β-Mg17Al12相与α-Mg基体保持一定的位向关系;时效时间越长,析出的β-Mg17Al12相越多,温度越高,析出定量β-Mg17Al12相所需时间越短;结合实验数据,由JMAK方程计算得到AZ91镁合金析出β-Mg17Al12相激活能为23.8～37.9kJ/mol。     

高能超声对Mg2 Si / AZ91D 复合材料的影响

为改善原位颗粒增强镁基复合材料的性能,采用原位合成技术制备了Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料,通过在熔体中施加高能超声,研究了超声时间和超声功率对复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着超声时间的延长或超声功率的增大,复合材料中粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相变得细小、分布均匀,同时细小分布均匀的球化状β-Mg17Al12相增多;超声时间为6 min、超声功率为1.2 kW时,组织中呈短棒状的Mg2Si颗粒和球化状β-Mg17Al12相分布均匀,且复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大,分别为220.5 MPa和2.6%,较未施加超声的复合材料试样提高了22.3%和38.9%;再延长处理时间或增大输出功率,组织有粗化的趋势,复合材料的抗拉性能及伸长率也呈现先升后降趋势.     

Effects of TiO2 coating on the microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The effects of TiO₂ coating on the macro-morphologies, microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated by microstructural observations, microhardness tests and tensile tests. The results showed that an increase in the amount of the TiO₂ coating resulted in an increase in the weld penetration and the depth/width (D/W) ratio of the TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy seams. Moreover, the average grain size of the α-Mg grains increased and the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ intermetallic compound (IMC) was coarser in the case of higher amount of the TiO₂ coating. With an increase in the amount of the TiO₂ coating, the microhardness of the fusion zone (FZ) of the AZ31 magnesium alloy welded joints decreased slightly initially and then decreased sharply. In addition, with an increase in the amount of the TiO₂ coating, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) value and elongation of the welded joints increased at first and then decreased sharply.     

Microstructure Characteristics of the Eutectics of Die Cast AM60B Magnesium Alloy

Under the cold-chamber high pressure die casting (HPDC) process, samples were produced with AM60B magnesium alloy to investigate the microstructure characteristics of the eutectics, especially focusing on the constitution, morphology and distribution of the eutectics over cross section of the castings. Attentions were also paid to study the effect of heat treatment on the eutectics in the die castings. Based on experimental analysis using optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), it was determined that fully divorced eutectics consisting of α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 appeared at the grain boundary of the primary α-Mg in the as-cast microstructure. Islands and networks of β-Mg17Al12 phase were observed in the central region of the castings, while the β-Mg17Al12 phase revealed a more dispersed and granular morphology on the surface layer. The two phases ratio β/α in the central region of the castings was approximately 10%, which was higher than that on the surface layer. Besides, the defect bands contained a higher percentage of the eutectics than the adjacent regions. After aging treatment (T6), only α-Mg phase was detected by XRD in the AM60B magnesium alloy, though a small amount of precipitated β-Mg17Al12 phase was observed at the grain boundary. In contrast to the microstructure of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy under the same T6 heat treatment, no discontinuous precipitation of the β-Mg17Al12 phase was observed in AM60B magnesium alloy die castings.     

锑合金化对镁铝基合金力学性能的改善作用

研究了锑合金化对镁铝合金Mg-9Al-0.8Zn(AZ91)显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明,锑低合金化可以显著提高AZ91合金在从室温至200℃区间内的拉伸屈服强度,用扫描电镜和透射电镜详细分析了试样形变前后的显微组织及其变化,发现在AZ91合金中加入0.1wt%-1.0wt%的Sb后,合金的显微组织得到明显细化,Sb在AZ91合金中的存在方式主要有两种,（1）固溶入β－Mg17Al12相,（2）以Mg3Sb2形式析出,该颗粒具有六方结构（D52型）,有很高的热稳定性,可以作为α－Mg非自发形的衬底,在此基础上探讨了Sb合金的化提高镁铝合金性能的机理,室温下主要是细化基体昌粒产生的昌界强化机制,高温下则主要通过自生相（Mg3Sb2)粒子的弥散强化机制。     

离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织的影响

旨在优化AZ91镁合金凝固组织,通过OM和XRD设备研究了不同离心压力和冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织演变的影响,结果表明,随着离心压力的增大,合金晶粒尺寸细化,第二相β(Mg12Al17)析出量减少,不保温试样,β相形态由粗大连续网状向细小断续状转变,保温试样,β相为粒状弥散分布晶内,压力增大,颗粒数量减小,粒径细化.同等凝固压力下,增大冷速,一次β相析出量增多,二次β相析出量减少.XRD分析表明,增大离心压力β相峰值略微减弱,α-Mg的晶格常数减小.     

MgCO3在AZ31镁合金中的细化效果及机理

为改善AZ31镁合金铸态组织,用MgCO3对其进行细化,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜研究了细化工艺参数对AZ31镁合金显微组织及其物相组成的影响.结果表明:在AZ31中添加质量分数为0.6%的MgCO3,于760℃保温10 min细化效果最佳,α-Mg晶粒的尺寸由基体合金的570μm降至100μm,降幅约82.5%.少量多次添加MgCO3的细化效果明显优于单次添加MgCO3的细化效果.研究认为,细化机理是MgCO3反应后生成的部分Al4C3质点作为异质核心细化晶粒,多余的Al4C3质点钉扎晶界阻碍晶粒长大.Al元素随固/液界面前沿被快速推至晶界,生成沿晶界生长的β-Mg17Al12相,起到进一步固定晶界的作用.合金元素的分布均有改变.     

Investigation on TIG welding of SiCp-reinforced aluminum–matrix composite using mixed shielding gas and Al–Si filler

Using He–Ar mixed gas as shielding gas, the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of SiCp/6061 Al composites was investigated without and with Al–Si filler. Welded joint with filler were submitted to tensile tests. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the joint were examined. The results show that adding 50 vol.% helium in shielding gas improves the arc stability, and seams with high-quality appearance are obtained when the Al–Si filler is added. In addition, the interface reaction between SiC and matrix is greatly suppressed when using Al–Si filler. The microstructure of the welded joint displays non-uniformity with many SiC particles distributing in the weld center. The average tensile strength of weld joints with Al–Si filler is 70% above that of the matrix composites under annealed condition.     

Effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y alloy

This study was conducted to discuss the effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y (wt%) alloy, which was prepared by casting, and then homogenized and rolled at 200?°C. The rolling process was conducted with 10% reduction per pass and five different accumulated strains, varying from 10% to 70%. The results indicate that the as-cast and as-rolled Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y alloys are composed of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi and Al₂Y phases. After rolling process, anisotropic microstructure was observed. α-Mg phase got elongated in both rolling direction and transverse direction with the addition of rolling strain. Consequently, the strength of the alloy in both directions was notably improved whereas the elongation declined, mainly caused by strain hardening and dispersion strengthening. The tensile properties of the as-rolled alloys in the RD, no matter the YS, UTS or the elongation, are higher than those of the TD due to their larger deformation strain and significant anisotropy in the hcp α-Mg phase. In addition, the fracture and strengthening mechanism of the tested alloys were also investigated systematically.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys

The effect of the Al content on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys is investigated. The experimental results show that an as-cast Mg–8Li–0.5Ca alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Li and granular Mg₂Ca phases. With the addition of Al, the amount of α-Mg phase first increases and then decreases. In addition, the intermetallic compounds also obviously change. The microstructure of the test alloys is refined due to dynamic recrystallisation that occurs during extrusion. The mechanical properties of extruded alloys are much more desirable than the properties of as-cast alloys. The as-extruded Mg–8Li–6Al–0.5Ca alloy exhibits good comprehensive mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 251.2?MPa, a yield strength of 220.6?MPa and an elongation of 23.5%.