天基光电望远镜极限星等探测能力研究

从辐射度学和光度学基本原理出发,通过对目标光度信号特征和背景以及CCD噪声光信号特征的分析,导出了天基光电望远镜对空间目标的极限星等探测能力的计算公式.根据该公式,分别研究了有光照和无光照条件下的极限星等探测能力.给出了一组典型参数,在无背景光照条件下得到极限探测星等为14.1个星等,并详细研究了极限探测星等随各参数变化的关系.在有背景光照条件下,研究了极限探测星等随太阳角的变化关系.结果证明,几乎只要有太阳光进入,极限探测星等就急剧下降,因此也证明了天基光电望远镜只能在背光条件下或在地影中工作.     

天基平台深空运动小目标检测

针对天基平台探测深空运动目标的特点,本文简要介绍了天基空间目标监视系统工作在凝视成像模式下检测深空运动小目标的方法,在此基础上探讨了基于图像配准技术检测运动小目标方法在天基空间目标监视系统中的应用.本文提出一种星点间部最小距离特征的概念,构建局部最小距离特征的算法.该方法根据点群间的相对位置关系,采用递归搜索的方法构建特征.实验结果表明,局部最小距离特征在星图中分布均匀,实现了星图序列的快速配准,为基于图像配准技术实现运动目标检测的方法提供了保障.     

天基光电望远镜对空间目标成像的模拟

提出了一种天基望远镜对空间目标成像的模拟方法。由卫星轨道参数计算得到卫星在地心赤道坐标系中的坐标,再通过平移、旋转和比例变换将其变换到望远镜坐标系中的坐标,模拟得到卫星的成像图。通过旋转和比例变换,将恒星坐标从地心赤道坐标系变换到望远镜坐标系,模拟得到星空成像图。两者合成得到总模拟图。将望远镜的位置矢量和光轴的方向矢量之间的夹角作为望远镜视场是否被地球遮挡的判断依据。以0星等和10星等为参考,用计算机模拟得到256级灰度图。仿真结果表明,该方法既能有效地模拟卫星的运动,又可以克服对相同星空背景的重复模拟。     

在轨目标天基光学观测可见性预报与分析

利用在轨目标、观测卫星、地球、太阳以及月球之间的几何关系,综合考虑地球遮挡与地光条件、地影条件、日光条件与月光条件,本文推导出目标对于观测卫星的光学可见性判断模型,并建立了天基光学观测可见性预报方法.仿真实验结果表明,地球遮挡与地光条件是影响天基空间目标光学可见的最主要因素;在可见时间方面,天基空间目标光学监视系统对低轨目标的监视能力有限,而对高轨目标具有良好的监视性能.     

大口径望远镜主镜支撑优化分析

大口径望远镜主镜的面形精度是影响望远镜成像质量的关键因素之一.光电系统中主镜轴向支撑点位置,对面形精度起着非常重要的作用,主镜支撑点位置合理与否,在一定程度上影响着光学系统的成像质量.本文对大口径望远镜主镜的轴向支撑和径向支撑技术进行了详细地研究,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了主镜的参数化模型,对不同口径主镜的轴向支撑点数目和位置进行了优化,从而给出了最佳支撑点的位置.优化分析结果表明了,主镜的面形精度满足系统的精度要求,并且轴向支撑对镜面的面形影响较大.     

一米太阳望远镜风载对伺服系统的影响及控制

位于云南抚仙湖的一米太阳望远镜,由于其特殊的光机结构和开放式观测模式,位置控制伺服性能受风的影响较大,这要求望远镜伺服驱动系统应有较好的抗干扰能力.本文首先从一米太阳望远镜的光机特性以及结构出发,介绍了该望远镜伺服系统的数学模型及其数值模拟,重点分析了伺服系统中的速度控制器和位置控制器对风载干扰的改善能力.在保证系统稳...     

用于星上图像压缩的JPEG2000算法的改进

本文修改了 JPEG2000 算法,通过改变编码顺序节约了大量的计算,提高了运行速度.用此算法对空间太阳望远镜的目标图像进行了实验,结果表明在相同压缩比的情况下,修改后的算法对图像质量没有明显的影响,在运行时间和压缩质量方面都能够满足空间太阳望远镜的压缩任务要求.     

红外太阳望远镜封窗玻璃的变形分析

真空望远镜封窗玻璃主要受到大气压力和重力的影响，由于要求得到高空间分辨力的太阳像，所以对封窗玻璃的变形要求很高。用有限元法对封窗玻璃进行力学分析计算，得出不同角度观测时的应力及变形数据，封窗玻璃在各个位置观测时受到的应力和变形相差很小，可近似认为变形后的表面是对称旋转变形。     

大口径望远镜Coude光路光机结构设计研究

Coude光路是大口径望远镜光学系统必要的组成部分,它将主望远镜的光束进行传递,以使其进入望远镜机下Coude实验室,与子光学系统相耦合.在Coude光路中,存在多块折转反射镜,反射镜之间的相对位置关系影响着系统的成像质量.因此如何保证光学元件之间的位置关系,成为光机结构研究的关键问题.根据系统要求分析并设计了各类型调...     

天文光电图像序列目标成像特征提取与分析

地基大视场天文光电观测系统获取的序列图像中,空间目标和数目众多的恒星目标成像特性相似,大部分都表现为弱、小目标特性,需根据二者特征之间的微小差异实现目标的正确可靠识别.首先分别从空域和时域的角度出发,将目标的成像特征分为静态特征和动态特征,并提出了相应的特征计算方法.然后结合实测数据,根据目标的特征提取结果深入分析了空间目标和恒星目标的成像特征,并详细比较了两者的成像特征差异.空间目标和恒星目标的成像特征提取和分析,为空间目标虚警的消除提供了大量的判决依据,有助于空间目标的低虚警率检测识别.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.