湿陷性黄土在施工中的防治措施及应用

通过工程实践对处理湿陷性黄土地基的处理方法进行综合分析,重点论述了强夯法和灰土挤密桩处理湿陷性黄土地基的施工工艺、施工要点和施工方法,论证这两种处理湿陷性黄土时的处理效果,施工工艺的适用性和技术可行性,同时还提出了其他的施工处理方法工参考使用。     

几种含油污泥处理方法的研究进展

含油污泥已被列于《国家危险废物名录》中,其处理方法近年成为了研究重点。本文介绍了它的特点及处理方法,对固化法、焚烧法、热水洗涤法和生物处理法的原理进行了概述,简分析了几种处理方法的优缺点,并提出了含油污泥处理今后的发展方向与建议。     

软土地基处理分析

软土地基是软弱地基中的一种。地基是否处理和处理方法的选择,关系到工程质量、进度和投资。本文结合实际工程就软土地基处理总的原则和选择处理方法的步骤针对常用的几种处理方法进行了比较和阐述,并进行了经济分析。     

电晕方法在聚合物表面处理中的应用进展

介绍了电晕处理方法的原理与类别,以及电晕处理方法在聚合物材料表面处理中的应用,对电晕处理后聚合物表面的物理和化学变化进行了归纳和机理分析.     

第三方化学检测实验室废液处置研究

针对第三方化学检测实验室的废液处置展开研究,结合检测实验室的特点,提出原位处理和非原位处理两类处理方法。阐述了含铅、镉废液和含苯系物废液的原位处理方法,论述了非原位处理方法的要点。对化学检测实验室废液处理提出指南,以减少对生态环境的危害,履行环保责任。     

碳纳米管表面活性化及其在生物医药中的应用

综合了国内外文献资料,介绍了碳纳米管的表面处理的方法,对不同处理方法对碳纳米管带来的物理化学变化进行了综述;重点介绍了处理后的碳纳米管在生物医药领域的应用;最后对碳纳米管表面活化方法选择进行了总结.     

炸药废水处理技术研究概述

炸药废水含有多种毒性物质,对环境造成严重的局部污染,威胁人类的健康与生存。本文介绍了炸药废水的处理方法,包括化学处理方法、物理处理方法和生化处理方法,并对今后的研究发展作出展望。     

一起活塞式氧压机气缸异响故障的处理与思考

分析了引起活塞式氧压机气缸异响的主要原因,详细介绍了处理气缸异响的过程以及对处理气缸异响故障方法的思考,提出了处理这类故障的一般方法。     

刍议高速公路软基的处理对策

在高速公路建设中,对路基的处理十分重要,软土路基是高速公路建设中经常遇到的一种不良路基。阐述了高速公路路基处理的基本原则,对高速公路常用的软基处理方法的加固原理进行了详细的论述,并介绍了各种方法的适用范围,为正确选用软基处理方法提供依据。     

某高速公路路堤塌陷灌浆加固方法

本文介绍了灌浆加固处理方法在某高速公路中路堤塌陷中的应用,通过对处理方法和施工方法的选择应用为今后路堤塌陷的处理提供借鉴。     

转炉污泥吸附性能研究

Converter sludge, a byproduct produced on large amounts in the steel making process, is an important resource that can be utilized effectively. This paper describes an experiment in which converter sludge was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphorus from waste water. It was found that the phosphorus removal depended on the amount of converter sludge added, the pH value and the contact time. Under laboratory conditions when the added sludge was 2. 0mg/100ml, the contact time 4h and the pH value of equalized 4, over 88% of phosphorus was removed; the experimental data on converter sludge adsorption of phosphorus in the water fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. Converter sludge was found to be very effective in adsorbing the phosphorus.     

The kinetic behaviors of simultaneous phosphorus release and denitrification on sludge for BNR processes

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the kinetic behaviors of phosphorus release and denitrification on sludge for two biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes, i.e., suspension growth process (A₂O) and combined suspension‐biofilm growth process (TNCU) under anoxic condition. The readily biodegradable substrate and nitrate loadings, 20–180 mg HAc‐COD/g MLSS and 4–25 mg NO₃‐N/g MLSS respectively, are controlled in a batch reactor for phosphorus release and denitrification of sludge taken from A₂O and TNCU processes under various SRT (5, 10 and 15 days) operating conditions. Experimental results indicated that the occurrence of simultaneous phosphorus release and denitrification is a kinetic competition mode under anoxic condition in the presence of a readily biodegradable substrate. Moreover, the available substrate in bulk solution determined the kinetic behaviors of phosphorus release and denitrification. To prevent nitrate inhibition, the sludge is exposed to a C/N ratio higher than 6.1 for phosphorus release. The sludge's phosphorus content (as created by different SRT processes) and initial nitrate loading dominated the kinetics of phosphorus release and denitrification, respectivley. Moreover, the sludge of suspension gorwth process demonstrated a higher phosphorus release potential than the combined suspension‐biofilm growth process. However, the nitrate inhibition is significant for A₂O sludge also. Based on proposed phosphorus release rate equation, the rate constant would be reduced by denitrification about 31–67% and 20–45% for A₂O and TNCU processes, respectively.     

ICP-AES法测定总磷含量

在污水活性污泥生化处理过程中,总磷是重要的营养指标,磷过多或不足都会引起活性污泥活性的降低甚至死亡。本文采用ICP-AES法测定活性污泥中总磷,具有准确度高、精度好、线性范围宽的特点,且样品处理简便,分析快速,更能及时快速地指导生产,其完全可以代替目前采用的钼酸铵分光光度法(GBll893-89)。     

Ultrasonic reduction of excess sludge from the activated sludge system

Sludge treatment has long become the most challenging problem in wastewater treatment plants. Previous studies showed that ozone or chlorine effectively liquefies sludge into substrates for bio-degradation in the aeration tank, and thus reduces the excess sludge. This paper employs ultrasound to reduce the excess sludge from the sequential batch reactor (SBR) system. Partial sludge was disintegrated into dissolved substrates by ultrasound in an external sono-tank and was then returned to the SBR for bio-degradation. The results showed that ultrasound (25kHz) effectively liquefied the sludge. The most effective conditions for sludge reduction were as following: sludge sonication ratio of 3/14, ultrasound intensity of 120kW/kgDS, and sonication duration of 15min. The amount of excess sludge was reduced by 91.1% to 17.8mg/(Ld); the organic content and settleability of sludge in the SBR were not impacted. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 81.1%, the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 17-66%, and high phosphorus concentration in the effluent was observed.     

Confirming Pseudomonas putida as a reliable bioassay for demonstrating biocompatibility enhancement by solar photo-oxidative processes of a biorecalcitrant effluent

The performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) seeded with aerobic granular sludge was studied. The lab-scale SBR treating domestic wastewater operated at a volumetric loading rate (VLR) of 0.75-3.41 kg COD/(m(3)d). The granule stability was related to the organic loading, and high loading would be favorable for granule stability. Analysis of typical cycle showed that granular sludge had good ability to simultaneously remove nitrogen and phosphorus. Most organic substances were removed at the anaerobic stage. At the aerobic stage, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) happened with phosphorus absorption. The SBR had good removal performance for organic matter and phosphate. However, the total nitrogen (TN) removal performance was ordinary, with average removal efficiency of about 52%. Batch experiments indicated that increases of influent C/N ratio and a large percentage of granule in the sludge were conducive for SND in SBR.     

Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and phosphorus removal in a fixed bed sequencing batch reactor (FBSBR)

Biological nutrient removal (BNR) was investigated in a fixed bed sequencing batch reactor (FBSBR) in which instead of activated sludge polypropylene carriers were used. The FBSBR performance on carbon and nitrogen removal at different loading rates was significant. COD, TN, and phosphorus removal efficiencies were at range of 90-96%, 60-88%, and 76-90% respectively while these values at SBR reactor were 85-95%, 38-60%, and 20-79% respectively. These results show that the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) is significantly higher than conventional SBR reactor. The higher total phosphorus (TP) removal in FBSBR correlates with oxygen gradient in biofilm layer. The influence of fixed media on biomass production yield was assessed by monitoring the MLSS concentrations versus COD removal for both reactors and results revealed that the sludge production yield (Y(obs)) is significantly less in FBSBR reactors compared with SBR reactor. The FBSBR was more efficient in SND and phosphorus removal. Moreover, it produced less excess sludge but higher in nutrient content and stabilization ratio (less VSS/TSS ratio).     

Anaerobic stabilisation of sludge produced during municipal wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation

Anaerobic digestion of sludge from small electrocoagulation wastewater treatment plant (SEWWTP) is described. The sludge for digestion (SEWWTP sludge) was taken from pilot-scale SEWWTP with the capacity of about 200-population equivalent (25 m3 of municipal wastewater per day). Due to the technology of wastewater treatment, the characteristics of SEWWTP sludge was different from sludge produced in conventional mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, experiments were focused on possibilities of anaerobic sludge digestion and determination of conditions and parameters (amount and quality of the sludge, biogas production, etc.). Average COD removal efficiency in the pilot-scale SEWWTP exceeded 80%. Organic content of excess sludge (volatile suspended solids (VSS)) was in the range of 52.1-59.2% (these values are much lower compared to VSS content in raw sludge from conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant, where VSS is about 75%). Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was approximately three times lower compared to standard production in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant. Low pH (6.5-6.7), high concentration of iron (up to 1400 mg/L) and aluminium (up to 1300 mg/L) and very low (almost zero) concentration of dissolved phosphorus in sludge water were the main factors limiting the rate of anaerobic processes. Based on these results, anaerobic digestion of SEWWTP sludge was not recommended as an appropriate stabilisation method.     

煤和市政污泥掺烧的灰熔融特性研究

通过利用Factsage热力学模拟软件、X射线衍射（X-ray diffraction,XRD）等分析方法,对煤与3种市政污泥按不同比例掺混后混合燃料的灰熔融特性进行研究。结果表明,在污泥添加量不超过10%时,混合燃料的灰熔点随着污泥加入比例增大而降低,这是由高温条件下碱性氧化物熔融所形成的共融体,以及磷矿物反应生成的非晶态矿物的共同作用导致的;灰熔融温度的预测趋势与实际测定数据的规律基本一致;煤中掺混污泥后矿物质之间的反应受燃烧温度的影响,低温时几乎不反应,温度升高后各矿物质间相互反应生成新的矿物质。     

Utilization of waste for large capacity productions of phosphorus-containing products based on the system analysis methods

Waste from the phosphorus industry are one of the key environmental problems for manufacturers all over the world. An innovative strategy for phosphorus industry waste utilization was developed by the authors in collaboration with their colleagues within EC INCO-Copernicus ECOPHOS project. The first stage involves the analysis of main indicators of innovative development of leading phosphorus sector companies taking into account the influence of innovations on reduction of environmental pollution. At the second stage, a strategy was developed for phosphorus industry waste utilization, which was underpinned by development of an information CALS-system of marketing analysis. The analysis was done according to the following three top level criteria: the raw material and processing market analysis; analysis of processing technologies; and analysis of utilization products markets. At the third stage, analysis of the technologies of phosphorus industry waste processing was carried out on the basis flexible technology of phosphoric sludge utilization case study. The study was carried out within the advanced system of computer support—CALS-technologies (Continuous Acquisition and Life cycle Support).     

Ultrasonic reduction of excess sludge from activated sludge system II: urban sewage treatment

Previous study showed that sonication was effective to reduce waste activated sludge (WAS) using artificial wastewater. This paper confirms the viability and evaluates the performance of this method in practical wastewater treatment using urban sewage without temperature control. The results showed that sonication significantly lowered the WAS and biomass synthesis, and greatly enhanced the mineralization of sewage organics. The optimal specific energy for sludge lysis was 20.0k Wh/kg DS. Further energy-increase had little benefit on WAS reduction. When the specific energy was 20.0kWh/kgDS and the sludge recycle ratio was 0.007, the WAS decreased by 54%, the biomass synthesis abated by 59%, and the sewage mineralization ratio increased from 31% to 58%. The effluent COD and nitrogen were stable but phosphorus was higher than that of the control bioreactor. The COD removal was lower but the WAS reduction was higher for urban sewage than for artificial wastewater. The accumulation pattern of heavy metals in sludge was greatly alternated by the sonication-cryptic growth; and different metals behaved differently. The sludge Ni concentration increased by 141% while As decreased by 53%.