实现电功率双路测量的方法及电路的非线性度分析

提出了一种实现有功功率和真无功功率双栖测量的方法，对测量方法的原理进行了数学证明，并根据数学公式提出了实现其测量方法的各部分电路原理及其实现方法。对影响测量准确度的关键电路，即功率测量电路的测量非线性度进行了动态分析，提出了电路测量线性度的计算公式，并就影响测量误差线性度的电路关键参数进行了计算机仿真研究。     

输入分机核心板的改造方案

提出关于输入分机两种电路的改造方案，即绝对值和正切函数发生器电路的工程实现方法，从而解决修理中备件替换问题。经实验证明，电路具有很高的精度，且容易实现。     

多通道程控增益放大电路的实现

本文介绍了多通道程序增益放大电路的实现方法，给出了具体电路，并介绍了程控增益放大电路的软件设计方法。     

8031单片机电烘箱温度自动控制器的研制

本介绍了以8031单片机为核心研制的一种电烘箱温度控制器。该控制器利用ADC0809芯片电路实现对电烘箱温度的采样，利用8155芯片电路实现设定温度，设定保温时间的输入，动态温度的显示和加热电路的控制。     

基于ASIC芯片的微小电容测量电路研究

基于一款专用集成电路芯片（ASIC）HTl33实现了一种微小电容测量电路。该电路具有高分辨率、高抗干扰性、偏置调节能力和模拟、数字信号两种输出模式等特点。文中详细论述了测量电路的实现以及电路的抗干扰措施，并通过测定一组微小电容验证了电路的性能。实验表明，电路分辨率达0．5fF，非线性度8．67％。该电路在各种电容式传感器特别是微机电系统（MEMS）传感器中有广泛的应用前景。     

基于高压浮动技术的CNT-FED驱动保护电路

采用高压浮动技术的CNT-FED驱动电路，有利于实现高亮度，得到较好的显示质量；但是由于浮动技术本身特点，给整个驱动电路带来了不稳定因素，同时也不利于保护电路的设计。文章提出针对高压浮动技术的保护电路，能在放电单元出现打火现象时保护驱动电路免于损坏，不影响整个驱动电路的正常工作。     

双绕组逻辑运算继电器的设计及思考

直流电磁继电器是将导线绕行在铁芯上，通过导体中流通的电流所产生的磁效应来吸引控制衔铁，从而实现对电路开合的控制。但普通继电器只能进行逻辑非运算，执行其它逻辑运算往往要用到庞大而繁琐的电路来实现。因而笔者认为，可以通过对现有直流电磁继电器的改造，来增加继电器的逻辑运算功能，从而实现电路的简化，提高效率。     

用绝热CMOS电路实现RS触发器的仿真

随着集成电路规模的不断扩大和集成度的提高，其功耗已成为迫在眉睫的问题。为了更好的解决功耗的问题，本文主要介绍了基于下拉NMOS晶体管结构的绝热逻辑（PAL-2N）RS触发器的电路概念和工作原理。并用ECRL（Efficient charge recovery logic）电路实现RS触发器的设计。利用S-EDIT和T-SPICE工具，设计电路，对设计的电路进行仿真，并和传统的RS触发器进行比较。通过对比得出绝热电路实现的RS触发器在功耗上的优势。     

buck电路的一种滑模变结构控制方法

滑模控制方法是一种常用的变结构控制方法，本文先介绍了滑模控制方法的基本原理，然后将滑模控制方法应用于dc／dc的buck电路，推导Tbuck电路的适于滑模控制的状态方程，并由此确定了buck电路滑模控制的切换面方程及控制函数，给出了一个具体的实现电路，并用matlab对一个具体的buck电路进行了仿真。     

一种新型激光陀螺的检测方法

本文通过对新型四频差动激光陀螺输出信号的分析，给出了一种适应新型四频差动激光陀螺输出信号的检测方法。通过APD和高频低噪声前置放大器实现光电接收，通过集中选频放大电路进行滤波和放大，然后采用模拟乘法器实现自乘检波，并根据该方法设计了实际的检测电路。采用直管四频激光器的背向输出来模拟新型四频差动激光陀螺的输出，对电路进行了实际测试。通过测试，验证了检测电路方法的可行性。     

Strain-gauge differential circuits with current transformers

Conclusions Differential strain-gauge circuits with current transformers have several advantages as compared with ordinary bridges or bridges with voltage transformers, since the former circuits eliminate the effect on the measurement precision of the conductor resistances and the contact resistances of the current collectors and switching devices. Moreover, two strain gauges are sufficient for the operation of these circuits. The above differential circuits are more sensitive than bridge circuits,and they have a linear characteristic, with the output voltage being proportional to the transducer resistance. Less stringent requirements can be specified for the stability and value of the switching devices when these circuits are used for multipoint measurements. The circuits operate with alternating currents and, therefore, they possess all the advantages of ac strain-gauge circuits.     

Analog-digital and digital-analog converters using single-electron and MOS transistors

This paper proposes two kinds of novel single-electron analog-digital conversion (ADC) and digital-analog conversion (DAC) circuits that consist of single-electron transistors (SETs) and metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors. The SET/MOS hybrid ADC and DAC circuits possess the merits of the SET circuit and the MOS circuit. We obtain the SPICE macro-modeling code of the SET transistor by studying and fitting the characteristics of the SET with SPICE simulation and Monte Carlo simulation methods. The SPICE macro-modeling code is used for the simulation of the SET/MOS hybrid ADC and DAC circuits. We simulate the performances of the SET/MOS hybrid 3-b ADC and 2-b DAC circuits by using the H-SPICE simulator. The simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid circuits can perform analog-digital and digital-analog data conversion well at room temperature. The hybrid ADC and DAC circuits have advantages as follows: 1) compared with conventional circuits, the architectures of the circuits are simpler; 2) compared with single electron transistor circuits, the circuits have much larger load capability; 3) the power dissipation of the circuits are lower than /spl omega/W; 4) the data conversion rate of the circuits can exceed 100 MHz; and 5) the resolution of the ADC and DAC circuits can be increased by the pipeline architectures.     

ICL7135与单片机接口电路

针对双积分式A／D转换器对信号转换速率的要求不是很高而对转换精度要求很高的特点,分析了双积分式A／D转换器ICL7135与单片机的几种接口电路。对并行与串行两种方式进行说明;并行接口电路中根据占用单片机I／O端口数量的不同给出了9线制接法和改进的6线制接法;在单片机的I／O端口特别紧张的情况下,则可以采用串行接口电路。设计了双积分A／D转换器ICL7135与单片机的几种接口电路,具有简单可行,有效灵活的特点。为从事单片机设计和智能仪表开发研制的人员提供了一定的参考。     

Driver circuits for temperature-invariant performance of junction diodes

Different types of driver circuits for the temperature-invariant brightness of light emitting diodes and the RF performance of Schottky barrier diodes, p-i-n diodes and p-n junction diodes are presented. The sensitivities of the proposed driver circuits with ambient temperature, bias voltage and other component variations are presented. Novel techniques are proposed and demonstrated to compensate the performance variation of diode-based circuits due to the temperature sensitivity of the components of driver circuits. The proposed driver circuits eliminate the requirement of conventional temperature compensation techniques with temperature sensors. The driver circuits respond directly to the junction temperature of the diodes itself; thus, there will be no compensation error due to the temperature gradient or self-heating of the diodes. This technique is very simple, accurate and easy to implement.     

Renewable Time‐Responsive DNA Circuits

DNA devices have been shown to be capable of evaluating Boolean logic. Several robust designs for DNA circuits have been demonstrated. Some prior DNA‐based circuits are use‐once circuits since the gate motifs of the DNA circuits get permanently destroyed as a side effect of the computation, and hence cannot respond correctly to subsequent changes in inputs. Other DNA‐based circuits use a large reservoir of buffered gates to replace the working gates of the circuit and can be used to drive a finite number of computation cycles. In many applications of DNA circuits, the inputs are inherently asynchronous, and this necessitates that the DNA circuits be asynchronous: the output must always be correct regardless of differences in the arrival time of inputs. This paper demonstrates: 1) renewable DNA circuits, which can be manually reverted to their original state by addition of DNA strands, and 2) time‐responsive DNA circuits, where if the inputs change over time, the DNA circuit can recompute the output correctly based on the new inputs, that are manually added after the system has been reset. The properties of renewable, asynchronous, and time‐responsiveness appear to be central to molecular‐scale systems; for example, self‐regulation in cellular organisms.     

Square-rooting and absolute function circuits using operational amplifiers

A method for implementing square-rooting and absolute function circuits using operational amplifiers (opamps) as only active elements is introduced. The realisation technique is provided through the use of the opamp supply-current sensing, which utilises an inherently quadratic characteristic of the opamp class-AB output stage. The proposed circuits are attractive in terms of simple configuration and low cost. The performances of the circuits are discussed in detail. Experimental results demonstrating the characteristics of the circuits using commercially available opamps are also included.     

低温液体贮槽经济回路的优化设计

分析低温液体贮槽经济回路两种基本形式的工作原理和缺点,阐述实现经济回路应满足的两个条件;提出实现经济回路排液、排气自动切换的3种优化方案,并分析了这3种方案的优点。     

Identifying the Magnetic Part of the Equivalent Circuit of n-Winding Transformers

Representation of multiwinding transformers by equivalent circuits has been recently improved, and it is for the identification of components of these circuits. In this paper, the focus is on magnetic coupling with its related losses. A general method, based on external impedance measurements, is followed to determine inductances, coupling ratios, and resistances included in these equivalent circuits. Justification for impedance measurements, choice of measured impedances, and precautions regarding short-circuit compensation are discussed. For illustration, two components are tested, and their equivalent circuits are established     

An Extended Approach for Generating Unitary Matrices for Quantum Circuits

In this paper, we do research on generating unitary matrices for quantum circuits automatically. We consider that quantum circuits are divided into six types, and the unitary operator expressions for each type are offered. Based on this, we propose an algorithm for computing the circuit unitary matrices in detail. Then, for quantum logic circuits composed of quantum logic gates, a faster method to compute unitary matrices of quantum circuits with truth table is introduced as a supplement. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithm to different reversible benchmark circuits based on NCT library (including NOT gate, Controlled-NOT gate, Toffoli gate) and generalized Toffoli (GT) library and provide our experimental results.     

Statistical static timing analysis using symbolic event propagation

Accurate estimation of critical path delays in circuits is a challenging task, particularly when variations due to manufacturing are considered. For small circuits (such as standard cells), simulation-based characterisation is preferred for better accuracy. For large circuits, statistical timing analysis techniques are used, but these methods typically yield a pessimistic overestimate. In view of the growing size of custom cell designs, an intermediate approach is required -one that can scale to circuits of moderate size and can produce more accurate estimates than traditional static timing analysis methods. A new method is presented that combines symbolic event propagation with statistical timing analysis and thereby achieves a significant level of accuracy with acceptable computational overhead. The benefits of the new style of analysis over the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits are demonstrated.