强化工程意识与工程图样绘制能力的工程图学教学探讨

结合作者在企业长期工作积累的经验,对强化工程意识与工程图样绘制能力的工程图学教学进行了探讨,通过化整为零、见缝插针的教学方式,将与工程图样绘制相关的工程实践知识作为补充内容,安插在相应的章节,以开拓知识面的形式进行介绍,然后在装配图绘制等实践教学环节中,鼓励学生将学到的工程实践知识运用到零件构型设计与工程图样绘制之中,培养学生工程图样绘制的工程背景意识,为将来绘制出符合工程实际要求的工程图奠定基础.     

战斗机座舱视觉显示器的工效学分代

战斗机座舱视觉显示器的发展历史，用硬件标准来衡量，可分为五代，即简单机电仪表、机电伺服仪表、综合指引仪表、电子显示仪表、综合电子显示系统。每一代都有质的飞跃按工程术语讲，都上了一个台阶。而座舱显示器的发展，与工效学的发展是密不可分的，笔者用工效学的观点，详细分析了各代视觉显示器的特点，发现在各不同的＂代＂，也都有质的变化，也可以说都上了一个台阶。因此，笔者认为：对战斗机座舱视觉显示器的分代，除了硬件标准外，还应增加软件标准，即工效学标准。这样，才能使分代的依据更充分，分代更准确。     

混沌工程学

世界是非线性的,线性只是其近似描述,混沌的发现表明：某些确定性非线性系统具有内在的随机行为。事实上,以往20年,无所不在的混沌现象几乎在每个学科都有所报道,如数学、物理学、化学,甚至社会科学。但理论研究学者的主要兴趣在于探究混沌的本质。与此同时,混沌的实际利用在许多工程领域受到重视,如信息工程、系统工程、医药工程、农业工程、电气工程、生物工程、机械工程、土木工程等。混沌工程学是一门新的研究混沌实际利用及其基本理论的非线性工程科学。。文章对现代混沌工程学的定义、对象、概念、方法、理论与应用加以总结,并介绍其近来的进展及作者的工作。混沌工程学在国民经济与国防建设中研究的热点是：混沌分析技术,混沌控制技术与混沌生成技术。     

纳米表面工程发展的哲学思考

纳米材料、纳米技术运用到表面工程中,使表面工程的发展进入了新阶段,＂纳米表面工程＂这一全新的概念应运而生。文章借助自然辩证法和科学技术辩证法的理论和观点,通过对纳米表面工程的研究内容、发展过程的研究,分析了纳米表面工程的出现带来的哲学思考和启迪。在人类理性归约之下,纳米表面工程必将实现其价值,促进社会进步,造福于人类。     

Engineering science and education: requirements imposed by moderntechnology and society

The author considers the responsibility of the engineer towards a society which is increasingly being shaped by technology and the implications of this responsibility for the education of engineers. The author discusses the culture and the teaching of engineering, engineering research and teaching, mathematics education for engineers, and engineering and language     

关于包装工程教育工作的回顾与思考

对于包装工程学科内涵作了充分的论述，并分析了包装工业在国家经济中的地位。在回顾了国内外包装工程教育的发展概况的同时，介绍了上海大学包装工程教育的特点。文章对包装工程专业的培养目标与毕业生应掌握的知识技能作出了论证与归纳。文章中对新时期专业教师的教学方法和教学能力问题发表的见解具有实际意义。     

Numerical solution of second‐order,two‐point boundary value problems using continuous genetic algorithms

Second‐order, two‐point boundary‐value problems are encountered in many engineering applications including the study of beam deflections, heat flow, and various dynamic systems. Two classical numerical techniques are widely used in the engineering community for the solution of such problems; the shooting method and finite difference method. These methods are suited for linear problems. However, when solving the non‐linear problems, these methods require some major modifications that include the use of some root‐finding technique. Furthermore, they require the use of other basic numerical techniques in order to obtain the solution. In this paper, the author introduces a novel method based on continuous genetic algorithms for numerically approximating a solution to this problem. The new method has the following characteristics; first, it does not require any modification while switching from the linear to the non‐linear case; as a result, it is of versatile nature. Second, this approach does not resort to more advanced mathematical tools and is thus easily accepted in the engineering application field. Third, the proposed methodology has an implicit parallel nature which points to its implementation on parallel machines. However, being a variant of the finite difference scheme with truncation error of the order O(h²), the method provides solutions with moderate accuracy. Numerical examples presented in the paper illustrate the applicability and generality of the proposed method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Engineering Philosophy-based Reflections on Efficient Development of Shale Gas in China

The Shale Gas Revolution began to have a significant impact on global supply and demand of natural gas; also the price trend of natural gas has been greatly affected. This phenomenon raised concerns among natural gas producers and consumers. China has abundant shale gas resources, but the development scale is small while facing problems including weak exploration and evaluation basis, overlapping royalties, complex terrestrial environment, lack of technical practices and accumulation, inadequate management and regulatory mechanisms, etc. To overcome these challenges for large-scale shale gas development, we believe that shale gas development is not only a single technical problem, but a systematic engineering demanding multidisciplinary research that will be bound to spread to humans, nature, and society. Therefore, to ensure the healthy development of China’s shale gas, it is required to coordinate global and local relationships, engineering and community relations, as well as to break up the conflicts between engineering and nature, engineering and economy, along with engineering and society.     

On the Core Essence of Engineering Management Theory

At present, China’s economy is in rapid growth. The scale of engineering construction is significantly increasing and a number of major projects have been completed and put into use, bringing the engineering management practice new issues and challenges with each passing day. In the meantime, Chinese scholars are constantly summarizing what they have learnt in these activities and making great effort to gradually establish their own theoretical system of engineering management, of which the core essence of theoretical system of engineering management becomes a critically important topic. By studying our engineering management theory and practice, this paper preliminarily sums up the core essence of the engineering management theory in China as: “establishing a perfect harmony between human and nature through a people-oriented approach and dual innovation”, with a hope to help and enrich the research on the theoretical system of engineering management in China.     

低碳建筑技术思考与实践

介绍了我国化石能源与经济发展的基本现状,论述了加快低碳经济、低碳建筑发展的必要性,简要分析了发展低碳建筑的政治、经济和技术路线,提出低碳建筑发展是一项天人合一、全民参与的系统工程。结合工程实践,进一步介绍了低碳建筑技术的价值和应用情况,在实践过程中应防止建筑领域盲目高技术、高投入地“低碳化”：结合生态保护、建筑风水设计、选择合理的建筑围护结构和机电技术,回归人与自然的和谐发展才是低碳建筑的科学发展之路。最后,笔者从低碳建筑技术层面就杭州加快低碳城市建设提出了建议。     

An approximation approach for uncertainty quantification using evidence theory

Over the last two decades, uncertainty quantification (UQ) in engineering systems has been performed by the popular framework of probability theory. However, many scientific and engineering communities realize that there are limitations in using only one framework for quantifying the uncertainty experienced in engineering applications. Recently evidence theory, also called Dempster–Shafer theory, was proposed to handle limited and imprecise data situations as an alternative to the classical probability theory. Adaptation of this theory for large-scale engineering structures is a challenge due to implicit nature of simulations and excessive computational costs. In this work, an approximation approach is developed to improve the practical utility of evidence theory in UQ analysis. The techniques are demonstrated on composite material structures and airframe wing aeroelastic design problem.     

Some suggestions for the (software) engineering degree curriculum

In the light of his experience of software development in industry and lecturing to students of software engineering, the author identifies seven shortcomings in new graduates which would be better remedied at university than by training in industry. His views are nominally aimed at software engineering education, but it is felt that they are appropriate to engineering curricula in general     

Jointing of high-loaded composite structural components. Part 1. Design and engineering solutions and performance assessment

The author presents and discusses the results of investigation to verify the design principles for jointing composite components. Based on the findings, novel design and engineering solutions for metal-composite joints are put forward. To ensure an effective transition from a composite material to a metal butt-joint fitting, new jointing techniques have been developed involving the use of embedded longitudinal and transverse fastening microelements in a composite material, which are molded into or mounted on a metal component. A modification of half-stitch jointing is proposed which enables the joint to work in compression and reduces the pressing stresses in the winding zone. Based on the study of force transfer conditions in the proposed joint design and the jointing solutions, the author defines the main lines of theoretical and experimental investigations to support the engineering and stress analysis activities. The experimental static strength assessment demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed solutions. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 3, pp. 23–33, May–June, 2006.     

Engineering Design: A Partnership Approach

The capstone, two-semester, senior design sequence in the mechanical engineering curriculum was restructured and offered based upon a paradigm of partnership rather than competition. Partnership, requiring trust not only among the students but also of the professor, empowers students to view their responsibilities to their profession, their clients and employers, the public, and the environment in a much more personal and thus meaningful matter. The value-laden nature of the engineering profession and its historical attitudes and biases with respect to the natural world have been examined extensively.     

Multi‐response optimization in industrial experiments using Taguchi's quality loss function and principal component analysis

Many industrial experiments based on Taguchi's parameter design (PD) methodology deal with the optimization of a single performance quality characteristic. Studies have shown that the optimal factor settings for one performance characteristic are not necessarily compatible with those of other performance characteristics. Multi‐response problems have received very little attention among industrial engineers and Taguchi practitioners. Many Taguchi practitioners have employed engineering judgement for determining the final optimal condition when several responses are to be optimized. However, this approach always brings some level of uncertainty to the decision‐making process and is very subjective in nature. In order to rectify this problem, the author proposes an alternative approach using a powerful multivariate statistical method called principal component analysis (PCA). The paper also presents a case study in order to demonstrate the potential of this approach. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

昌俄公路基拓宽控制爆破

针对西藏昌都到俄洛镇路基拓宽工程中遇到的爆破问题,根据爆区的复杂环境、被爆岩体性质、现场施工机具,提出了水平浅孔坍塌爆破方案,孔内外微差爆破网络,安全圆满地完成任务.文中提出的爆破方案,可供同类工程借鉴.     

超市环境设计中的人机因素分析

尽管超级市场已经扩展到城镇的各个街头,超市购物也已经被现代人们所接受和喜爱,但大部分的超市空间环境设计以及视觉环境设计等方面都存在一些问题,这将给消费者的购物行为带来诸多不便．通过对超级市场卖场环境设计的调查和讨论,并在深入研究人机工程学的基础上,分析了人机工程学中各种因素在超市环境设计中的结合与应用,充分体现了设计应“以人为本”的理念,从而为超级市场的环境设计提供了理论意义上的指导．     

工程系统开发复杂性的讨论

在讨论了现代复杂武器装备系统的发展研究、开发性科研工程和特殊复杂环境工程开发过程复杂性的基础上，进一步提出了研究、处理复杂性问题系统论方法的总体思路。     

The changing nature of engineering [technology history]

Engineering artefacts play major roles in the evolution of mankind and culture. Engineering artefacts have evolved. Their natures have changed as Man has changed. Today, the engineering profession and the education of engineers are challenged by the rapidly changing nature of those engineering systems which determine what is meant by `modern technology' and which make possible new industries of global importance. Analysis of the latest generation of strategic innovations requires an analytical history of technology, and a practically useful philosophy to interpret the changing nature of engineering. The advent of `technoscience' will probably make engineering the exemplary science in the next century     

Charles Townes, the maser, and the relationship between engineeringand science

Charles Townes is renowned as the inventor of the maser and for his work on molecular spectroscopy and astronomy. Engineering has been an important element of his career, which illustrates how fruitful a combination of scientific and engineering knowledge can be. The author describes the life and work of Townes and how he developed microwave spectroscopy and the maser, and his interest in astronomy