Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC复合层的组织与摩擦学性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能,以NiCr-Cr₃C₂金属陶瓷粉末为涂覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V表面制备以TiC为增强相、γ-NiCrAlTi固溶体为增韧相的熔覆层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）分析了熔覆层的物相组成及显微组织,测试了熔覆层沿层深方向的硬度分布,分别在室温（24℃）,300,600℃测试了熔覆层和Ti6Al4V合金基体的干滑动磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的平均硬度约1 100HV_{2 N},约为基体的3倍;室温时,由于高硬度增强相TiC和增韧相γ-NiCrAlTi固溶体的综合效应,激光熔覆γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC复合层的摩擦系数和磨损率比Ti6Al4V合金基体的显著降低,熔覆层具有较好的耐磨减摩性能,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损;300,600℃时,熔覆层被氧化,耐磨性减弱,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损和塑性变形。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni基梯度涂层的研究

为了改善Ti6Al4V钛合金表面耐磨性能和抗高温氧化性能,采用CO2激光在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面进行激光熔覆Ni基梯度涂层试验.利用扫描电镜和显微硬度计等手段分析了熔覆层组织,测试了基体和熔覆层的显微硬度.结果表明,采用适当的工艺参数,可以在钛合金表面获得连续、均匀、无裂纹和气孔的熔覆层.熔覆层组织由树枝晶和晶间共晶组织构成,并与基体形成牢固的冶金结合.由基体到表面,显微硬度过渡平稳,呈明显梯度渐变特征.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层中析出相热力学模拟计算

采用横流CO2激光器在TC4合金表面熔覆Ni基合金涂层,对激光熔覆层的微观组织、析出相、各合金元素在γ-Ni和M23C6相中含量变化进行了研究.结果表明,熔覆层可分为三个区:熔覆区、结合区和基体热影响区.熔覆区由γ-Ni,TiB2,TiC,M23C6和Ni3B相组成,其中,TiB2,TiC和M23C6细小颗粒均匀分布于γ-Ni初晶上,共晶组织由γ-Ni和Ni3B组成.为揭示TC4合金表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层在3500～500K温度范围的相组成及组织变化规律,利用Thermo-Calc软件及相应Ni基合金数据库对TC4合金表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层凝固过程中各析出相进行了热力学计算分析,研究了熔覆层中γ-Ni,TiB2,TiC,M23C6和Ni3B各相相对含量和B,C,Cr,Fe,Ni,Ti元素在γ-Ni和M23C6相中的含量随温度变化关系,为TC4合金表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层成分设计和工艺优化提供理论依据.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金表面Ni60-10％hBN激光熔覆层的摩擦学性能

为了提高Ti6Al4V钛合金的摩擦学性能,以Ni60-hBN混合粉末为原料,对其表面进行激光熔覆,并与Ni60粉末激光熔覆层进行了对比,分析了2种熔覆层的物相组成、显微组织;在2,5,8N下测试了2种熔覆层的干滑动磨损性能.结果表明:在2～8N内,Ni60熔覆层和Ni60-10 ％hBN熔覆层的摩擦系数和磨损率均随载荷的增加先减小后升高,在5N时,Ni60-10％ hBN熔覆层具有优异的自润滑耐磨效果.     

AA6063铝合金表面激光熔覆TiC/Al3Ti复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

为了提高AA6063铝合金的性能,采用激光熔覆技术在AA6063铝合金表面制备了TiC增强Al3Ti复合涂层,研究了激光熔覆层的成分、显微形貌和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:激光熔覆层由树枝晶Al3Ti、枝晶间α-Al和均匀分布的TiC颗粒组成,涂层和基材为良好的冶金结合;与基材相比,激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,且随着TiC含量的增加,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能提高.     

激光熔覆Ni3Al基复合涂层的氧化行为

对比研究了900℃时45号钢,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和激光熔覆Ni3Al基复合涂层在空气环境下的氧化动力学曲线;采用扫描电镜,X射线衍射技术分析了氧化前后涂层及界面处的微观组织结构。结果表明,激光熔覆层的氧化抗力接近于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢但明显高于45号钢;长时间氧化后涂层组织结构只发生微少的变化,但界面处氧化较严重;激光熔覆层中的氧化产物主要是Al2O3,然后是NiO。     

轮轨试样Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及磨损性能

为提高轮轨材料的耐磨性降低轮轨磨损,利用CO2多模激光器在轮轨试样表面获得Co基合金熔覆层,测试分析了其组织结构性能和显微硬度,利用MMS-2A微机控制摩擦磨损试验机对比研究了激光熔覆处理与未处理轮轨试样的抗磨损性能.结果表明:激光熔覆处理后在轮轨试样表面获得与基体良好结合厚度约1 mm的熔覆层;熔覆层主要由枝晶(γ-Co)和共晶组织(Cr23C6+γ-Co)构成,初生相为γ-Co过饱和固溶体,富含Cr元素,共晶组织中富含Co元素;结合区为粗大柱状晶,从中部到表层出现胞状晶、树枝晶等多种形态.离界面越远组织越细密,组织生长方向紊乱;结合区存在元素扩散,尤其是Fe、Cr和Co含量变化显著;激光熔覆Co基合金后轮轨试样硬度分别提高约52.98%和43.44%,能有效降低对摩副磨损,轮轨抗磨损能力提高约为原来的5倍.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Ti/Al/B4C/C涂层组织与性能分析

针对钛合金硬度低和耐磨性差的特点,采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备Ti/Al/B4C/C熔覆层,利用XRD、SEM、EDS探究熔覆层微观组织,并测试熔覆层对TC4钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:Ti/Al/B4C/C熔覆层中由于形成Ti B、Ti B2、Ti C等硬质陶瓷相及Ti-Al系金属间化合物和Ti3Al C相,相比于基体具有高的硬度和优异的耐磨性。熔覆层硬度在1 100～1 720 HV之间,较基体提升了2～3倍,其体积磨损率约为(2.29～4.18)×10-6mm3/(N·mm),较基体降低了14%～53%,其中以Ti∶Al∶B4C∶C=57∶20∶18∶5(质量比)混合粉末形成的熔覆层性能最好。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiC/NiCrBSi涂层温度场有限元模拟

为在钛合金表面获得优质激光熔覆涂层,用有限元方法研究了激光熔覆工艺对熔池温度场分布和凝固后熔覆层组织的影响,考虑相变潜热、辐射对流散热以及温度对热物理性能的影响等因素,建立三维有限元模型模拟了Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆TiC/NiCrBSi复合涂层过程中的温度场,并结合熔覆过程的温度场分布,对涂层的形貌、结合区、基...     

316L不锈钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能

为了提高316L不锈钢在冲刷腐蚀类环境中的耐腐蚀性,在其表面激光熔覆Co Ni Cr Al Y合金层。采用冲刷腐蚀试验比较了316L不锈钢及Co基合金熔覆层在含固相颗粒酸碱溶液中的耐冲刷腐蚀性能。采用X射线衍射仪分析熔覆层物相,采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察熔覆层腐蚀前后的形貌。结果表明:在低浓度酸碱、低含砂量及低速冲刷条件情况下,Co Ni Cr Al Y熔覆层的耐冲刷腐蚀性略高于316L不锈钢;在高浓度酸碱、高含砂量及高速冲刷条件下,Co基合金熔覆层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能明显优于316L不锈钢的;Co基合金熔覆层中析出的Cr2Ni3,Al Co和Al Ni硬质相以及Co元素本身的抗腐蚀性的综合作用使Co基合金熔覆层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能远远高于316L不锈钢的。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.