氧化亚铜太阳能电池的研究进展

系统总结了氧化亚铜材料的制备技术和氧化亚铜电池的研究进展,包括制备氧化亚铜的固相法、液相法、气相法和同质结、肖特基结、异质结的氧化铜电池,揭示了制备高性能氧化亚铜电池的核心问题就是制备电阻率低的氧化亚铜材料和形成界面势垒低的异质结氧化亚铜电池。     

高效本征薄层异质结(HIT)太阳电池技术研究进展

高效本征薄层异质结(HIT)是由本征钝化层沉积在a-Si/c-Si界面处组成,这种硅异质结(SHJ)结构由于钝化性能好,实际效率值往往比同质结电池更高。本文首先介绍了HIT高效电池发展现状、电池基本结构的特点,然后从制备工艺、钝化原理、能带带阶等几个方面对衬底层、非晶硅层(本征/掺杂)、TCO薄膜以及金属格栅电极展开讨论,并对未来高效HIT电池的工业化发展趋势做了展望。     

基于聚噻吩衍生物的异质结薄膜太阳能电池

近年来聚噻吩衍生物作为电子给体材料的异质结薄膜成为国内外研究的热点.讨论了异质结薄膜太阳能电池的工作原理,重点分析了材料、混合比例、制作工艺等对聚噻吩衍生物异质结薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响,并指出了今后聚噻吩衍生物异质结薄膜太阳能电池的发展方向.     

聚噻吩/无机纳米异质结薄膜太阳能电池材料的研究进展

近年来基于聚噻吩/无机纳米材料的异质结薄膜太阳能电池研究发展迅速,引起了研究者广泛的关注。阐述了异质结薄膜太阳能电池的工作原理,较全面综述了聚噻吩/无机纳米材料的异质结薄膜太阳能电池的最新研究结果,包括:聚噻吩与TiO2、ZnO、CdSe和CdS无机纳米材料复合电池器件等。分析和展望了今后聚噻吩/无机纳米材料异质结薄膜太阳能电池的研究重点和发展方向。     

硅异质结太阳能电池用透明导电氧化物薄膜的研究现状及发展趋势

硅异质结(SHJ)太阳能电池是目前光伏产业中的重要组成部分,其由于具有高开路电压(V_oc)等优点而引起了广泛的关注。在硅异质结太阳能电池中,透明导电氧化物(TCO)薄膜层的光学性能和电学性能分别影响着电池的短路电流(J_sc)、填充因子(FF),进而影响电池的转换效率。近年来,SHJ电池中TCO层的研究主要集中于掺杂的In₂O₃和ZnO体系。本文从硅异质结太阳能电池的不同结构出发,概述了TCO薄膜的光电性能(透过率、禁带宽度、方块电阻、载流子浓度、迁移率和功函数)以及与相邻层的接触对电池性能的影响,介绍了不同体系的透明导电氧化物薄膜在硅异质结太阳能电池中的应用及研究现状,并展望其未来的发展趋势。     

氧化锌/氧化亚铜异质结太阳能电池的研究进展

因氧化亚铜(Cu2O)、氧化锌(ZnO)能级和晶格匹配较好,近年来较多的研究者将两者复合制备异质结太阳能电池。异质结的形成可提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率,同时拓展复合结构的光响应范围,从而有效提高太阳能电池性能。介绍了3类主流的ZnO/Cu2O异质结结构,分别阐述主要的进展,综述了异质结结构中Cu2O、ZnO的制备方法以及制备条件对电池效率的影响,讨论了电池性能的改进措施,并对ZnO/Cu2O异质结太阳能电池未来的发展前景进行展望。     

高效单晶硅太阳电池的最新进展及发展趋势

晶体硅太阳电池是目前光伏市场的主流产品,其又可分为多晶硅电池和单晶硅(c-Si)电池。目前,多晶硅电池成本较低,市场份额较大,但其效率较低;单晶硅电池成本相对偏高,但其效率更高,市场份额小于多晶硅电池。随着硅材料和硅片切割技术的进步,单晶硅片的成本持续下降,且未来市场对高效率的高端光伏产品需求日益增长。因此,高效率的单晶硅电池将受到更多的关注。为进一步提高单晶硅太阳电池的效率,近几年的研究工作主要集中于提高硅片质量来降低体缺陷,寻找新型钝化材料来降低表面和界面缺陷,开发先进的减反技术(新型的绒面陷光结构和材料)以提高光的利用率,引入低电阻金属化技术降低串联电阻,优化PN结制备技术以及器件结构等。2014年至今,单晶硅太阳电池的转换效率得到连续突破。目前,最高效率是日本Kaneka公司创造的26.6%,其他效率达到或者超过25%的晶硅电池包括钝化发射极背面局部场接触(PERL)电池、交叉指式背接触(IBC)电池、硅异质结(SHJ)电池、交叉指式背接触异质结(HBC)电池、隧穿氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)电池、多晶硅氧化物选择钝化接触(POLO)电池等。分析这些典型电池的关键技术可以发现,栅线电极与c-Si的金属-半导体接触复合成为影响电池效率的关键因素。为减小这些复合,一方面通过电池背面局部开孔来减小金属与c-Si直接接触的面积,包括钝化发射极背场点接触(PERC)、PERL、钝化发射极和背面全扩散(PERT)等电池。另一方面则是开发既能够实现优异的表面钝化,同时又无需开孔便可分离与输运载流子的新型载流子选择性钝化接触技术,如SHJ电池、TOPCon电池等。此外,采用交叉指式背接触技术与其他电池结构结合则是最大限度提高光利用率的必然选择,包括IBC电池和HBC电池。本文介绍了当前国际上转化效率达到或超过25%的典型高效单晶硅太阳电池,分别对其器件结构、核心工艺、关键材料等进行了分析,在总结这些高效单晶硅太阳电池各自特点的基础上对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。     

聚苯胺太阳电池的研究

本文利用聚苯胺和聚苯胺复合材料与n型硅制备了有机p-n异质结太阳电池,对电池的伏安特性、开路电压、短路电流和稳定性进行了表征和分析,对电池的机理进行了探讨,分析了影响聚苯胺p-n异质结电池特性的各种因素,得到了一些很有意义的结果.     

有机薄膜太阳能电池

有机太阳能电池作为一种新兴的有着巨大潜力的光电转换器件,吸引了越来越多的关注。综述了有机薄膜太阳能电池主要的两种器件结构的研究进展,即基于无机异质结发展出来的双异质结型有机太阳能电池和基于扩展双层异质结活性层受限的接触面积而提出的体异质结型太阳能电池;阐述了这两种器件结构的工作原理、影响有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的因素以及两种结构的不足之处,并展望了有机太阳能电池发展的广阔前景。     

p-n异质结NiO/TiO2纳米复合材料的构建及应用研究进展

TiO_2和NiO分别作为n型和p型半导体材料,通过复合构建p-n异质结NiO/TiO_2纳米复合材料可以促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而提高光电性能。综述了不同形貌的p-n异质结NiO/TiO_2纳米复合材料的构建,如纳米球、纳米棒和纳米带等,以及其在光催化、锂离子电池、染料敏化太阳能电池和传感器等领域中的最新研究进展。     

The fabrication of front electrodes of Si solar cell by dispensing printing

The dispensing printing was applied to fabricate the front electrodes of silicon solar cell. In this method, a micro channel nozzle and normal Ag paste were employed. The aspect ratio and line width of electrodes could be controlled by the process variables such as the inner diameter of nozzle, dispensing speed, discharge pressure, and the gap between wafer and nozzle. For the nozzle with the inner diameter of 50 μm, the line width and aspect ratio of electrode were under 90 μm and more than ∼0.2, respectively. When comparing the efficiency of solar cell prepared by conventional screen printing and the dispensing printing, the latter exhibited 19.1%, which is 0.8% absolute higher than the former even with the same Ag paste. This is because the electrode by dispensing printing has uniform aspect ratio and narrow line width over the length of electrode.     

数字印刷技术的发展及现状

随着计算机技术、喷墨打印技术、高精度喷涂装置、超细染料制备等技术、装备和原料的不断发展、更新,明显地加速了数字印刷的工业化和实用化。在2008年德鲁巴国际印展会（Drupa）上,数字印刷成为最大的亮点,而喷墨数字印刷更成为亮点中的亮点。本文较全面地阐述了数字印刷和数字印刷技术,重点介绍了喷墨数字印刷技术和各种品牌的数字印刷机,并对数字印刷技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

Aggregation‐Induced Multilength Scaled Morphology Enabling 11.76% Efficiency in All‐Polymer Solar Cells Using Printing Fabrication

All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) exhibit excellent stability and readily tunable ink viscosity, and are therefore especially suitable for printing preparation of large‐scale devices. At present, the efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art all‐PSCs fabricated by the spin‐coating method has exceeded 11%, laying the foundation for the preparation and practical utilization of printed devices. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.76% is achieved based on PTzBI‐Si:N2200 all‐PSCs processing with 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF, an environmentally friendly solvent) and preparation of active layers by slot die printing, which is the top efficient for all‐PSCs. Conversely, the PCE of devices processed by high‐boiling point chlorobenzene is less than 2%. Through the study of film formation kinetics, volatile solvents can freeze the morphology in a short time, and a more rigid conformation with strong intermolecular interaction combined with the solubility limit of PTzBI‐Si and N2200 in MTHF results in the formation of a fibril network in the bulk heterojunction. The multilength scaled morphology ensures fast transfer of carriers and facilitates exciton separation, which boosts carrier mobility and current density, thus improving the device performance. These results are of great significance for large‐scale printing fabrication of high‐efficiency all‐PSCs in the future.     

A General Approach for Lab‐to‐Manufacturing Translation on Flexible Organic Solar Cells

The blossoming of organic solar cells (OSCs) has triggered enormous commercial applications, due to their high‐efficiency, light weight, and flexibility. However, the lab‐to‐manufacturing translation of the praisable performance from lab‐scale devices to industrial‐scale modules is still the Achilles' heel of OSCs. In fact, it is urgent to explore the mechanism of morphological evolution in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) with different coating/printing methods. Here, a general approach to upscale flexible organic photovoltaics to module scale without obvious efficiency loss is demonstrated. The shear impulse during the coating/printing process is first applied to control the morphology evolution of the BHJ layer for both fullerene and nonfullerene acceptor systems. A quantitative transformation factor of shear impulse between slot‐die printing and spin‐coating is detected. Compelling results of morphological evolution, molecular stacking, and coarse‐grained molecular simulation verify the validity of the impulse translation. Accordingly, the efficiency of flexible devices via slot‐die printing achieves 9.10% for PTB7‐Th:PC₇₁BM and 9.77% for PBDB‐T:ITIC based on 1.04 cm² . Furthermore, 15 cm² flexible modules with effective efficiency up to 7.58% (PTB7‐Th:PC₇₁BM) and 8.90% (PBDB‐T:ITIC) are demonstrated with satisfying mechanical flexibility and operating stability. More importantly, this work outlines the shear impulse translation for organic printing electronics.     

数字印刷与传统印刷之博弈

近年来印刷新科技领域出现突飞猛进的发展,大大改变了传统印刷技术的面貌.特别在印前领域,数字化制版取代了模拟方式,简化了传统制版的工序.印刷多色长版作业时,成本低、速度快;胶印和凹印的印刷分辨率高、质量好;作业准备时间短,对市场能够作出快速反应,作业生产周期短;不难发现,越来越多的印刷企业同时采用数字印刷和模拟印刷的方法来满足客户的需求,形成了一种非常良好的互补生产模式.     

喷墨打印电极在薄膜晶体管中的应用

喷墨打印技术具有成本低、环境友好、效率高和直接写入等优势,被广泛应用于薄膜晶体管(TFTs)中图形化电极的制备。高密度、大尺寸、柔性和低能耗电子器件的快速发展,对打印电极质量提出了更高的要求。文章对导电墨水、喷墨打印技术及喷墨打印电极工艺优化进行了总结,并指出了现阶段喷墨打印电极在薄膜晶体管应用中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

基于硅基太阳电池栅极多次喷印优化技术的研究

以不增加印刷材料成本和栅线电阻值为前提,提出了采用变墨滴体积多次喷印工艺方案。采用该方案印刷硅基太阳电池,主要通过减小太阳电池栅线的线宽,来达到提高太阳电池能量转换效率的目的。     

喷墨打印制备电化学生物传感器的研究进展

喷墨印刷技术是一种非接触式、工艺简单、无版数字化的印刷技术,越来越多的研究者将该技术应用到制备电化学生物传感器中,以应对电化学生物传感器因向数字化、智能化等方向发展而对其制备技术提出的更高要求。因此,在对喷墨打印技术制备电化学生物传感器原理与优劣进行分析的基础上,依据其发展历程对近年来的研究进行了总结与分析,探讨了其在制作过程中存在的主要问题,即对油墨的要求较高。寻找合适的方法解决喷墨打印金属电极的电导率问题,研究导电聚合物的浓度、层数等对成膜质量和传感器响应程度的影响及利用喷墨打印技术制备整个传感器的研究将是今后本领域的研究重点。     

当代印刷发展的核心技术

阐述了当代印刷传媒的全新内涵为出版及创意设计,颜色复制科技和媒介资源管理,由此提出当代印刷实现跨越式发展的四大核心技术,即印刷传媒跨媒体化的理论与方法、泛网络化的数字生产技术、印刷数字资产管理技术和基于光谱的印刷颜色复制技术.当代印刷唯有在四大核心技术支撑下,才能真正实现跨媒体图文传播与高保真印刷复制的美好诉求.     

Recent Development of Printed Micro-Supercapacitors: Printable Materials,Printing Technologies,and Perspectives

The rapid progression of portable and wearable electronics has necessitated the development of high-performing, miniaturized energy-storage devices with flexible form factors and high energy and power delivery. Printed micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), with in-plane interdigital configurations, is touted as a promising choice to fulfill these requirements. New printing technologies can assemble MSCs with fiscal and environmental benefits, large form factors, and at high throughputs, qualities not afforded with conventional microfabrication technologies. Here, recent progress in the preparation of functional ink systems for wearable MSCs, encompassing electrode materials, conductor materials, and electrolytes, is presented. First, a comprehensive background of the fundamentals of printing technology is introduced, with discussions focusing on methods of improving ink functionality while simultaneously retaining good printability. Second, various printing techniques to ensure manufacturable scaling of wearable MSCs with high areal electrochemical performance and small footprint are explored. Within the scope of these two topics, various issues that hinder the full materialization of widespread adoption of printed MSC and next steps to overcome these issues are discussed. Further deep dives in scientific and technical challenges are also presented, including limited functionality of the inks, low printing resolution, overlay accuracy, and complex encapsulation.