粉末冶金制备工艺对TiC增强高铬铸铁基复合材料性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用高能球磨和真空烧结的方法制备TiC增强高铬铸铁(HCCI)基复合材料。利用SEM,DSC等方法对不同球磨时间的粉末进行分析,研究不同烧结温度对高铬铸铁基复合材料的显微组织、硬度及密度的影响,比较相同工艺下复合材料与高铬铸铁材料的耐磨性。结果表明:球磨12 h后的粉末颗粒大小趋于稳定,粉末活性提高,烧结性能改善,烧结试样中TiC均匀地分布在基体中。随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料内部晶粒逐渐长大,密度和硬度逐渐提高。在1280℃超固相线液相烧结的条件下烧结2 h后,致密度达94.17%,硬度和抗弯强度分别为49.2HRC和980 MPa。在销盘磨损实验中复合材料的耐磨性为单一高铬铸铁材料的1.52倍,磨损机制为磨粒磨损+轻微氧化磨损。     

高铬铸铁热处理及其性能的研究

研究了高铬铸铁化学成分的控制范围、熔炼工艺、浇注工艺以及热处理工艺对其硬度；耐磨性和冲击性能的影响，并分析了该成分高铬铸铁经过不同热处理后的组织。结果表明，采用文中所述生产工艺和1040℃±10℃×6h特殊淬火液淬火＋275℃×6h或440℃×6h回火的热处理工艺，高铬铸铁硬度达60HRC以上，冲击韧性达10J／cm^2，其耐磨性是高铬铸铁Cr15的1．32倍、是高锰钢Mn13的1．95倍。     

轧机机架衬板工作层材料热处理工艺研究

研究了热处理工艺对钢管连轧机架耐磨复合衬板工作层材料力学性能的影响。结果显示,硬度随淬火温度升高而升高,但高于900℃时,硬度反而下降;低于920℃时,冲击韧性变化不明显,高于920℃时,冲击韧性略有下降。随着回火温度升高,冲击韧性和断裂韧性提高,高于400℃时,伸长率和断面收缩率大幅度提高。但高于450℃时,硬度明显降低。耐磨性在350℃回火后达到最大值。耐磨复合衬板工作层材料的最优热处理工艺为900～920℃淬火+350～370℃回火。     

低铬白口耐磨铸铁组织和性能的研究

采用金属型浇注不同成分的铬系白口铸铁磨球,研究化学成分、热处理工艺对铸铁微观组织,冲击韧性和硬度的影响.结果表明:舍Cr量为3.231%、含C量为4.920%的白口铸铁,经过950℃淬火处理+300℃回火处理能够获得良好的韧性与硬度的结合;随着含碳量增高,铸铁的硬度升高,冲击韧性下降;而随着回火温度增高,硬度将降低,冲...     

利用热处理改善钒钛磁铁矿直接制备的铁基摩擦材料组织与性能

以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿为原料,通过选择性碳热原位反应和真空烧结技术直接制备得到铁基摩擦材料.为进一步提高材料性能,本工作研究了淬火与回火处理对铁基摩擦材料组织和性能的影响.结果表明:900～1 000℃淬火使材料基体组织由珠光体向马氏体转变,硬度和摩擦性能随淬火温度的升高先提升后下降,在950℃时效果最佳,摩擦磨损行为由热处理前较严重的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损,且磨损程度降低.950℃淬火试样分别在250℃、500℃和650℃进行回火处理,基体组织随着温度的升高先由马氏体向低硬度屈氏体转变,而后转变为硬度更低的索氏体,但500℃回火时发生的回火二次硬化和碳化物的脱溶使得材料硬度提升,摩擦性能进一步提高,摩擦磨损行为表现为轻微的磨粒磨损.综合而言,950℃淬火+500℃回火处理后的铁基摩擦材料组织及性能最优,相比未热处理材料,硬度提高32％,磨损率降低61％,摩擦系数降低18％.     

热处理工艺对3Cr2W8V热作模具钢高温磨损性能的影响

观察和测试了3Cr2W8V热作模具钢经不同温度淬火(直接油淬)、回火后的显微组织和硬度,分析了热处理工艺对其高温磨损性能的影响。研究发现,淬火和回火温度对3Cr2W8V钢高温磨损性能有明显影响,其中回火温度比淬火温度的影响更显著;随着回火温度的提高,钢的硬度先升后降,耐磨性显著下降;随着淬火温度的提高,耐磨性先升后降;经1 050℃淬火+540℃回火的3Cr2W8V钢具有最好的耐磨性;在400℃高温磨损条件下,3Cr2W8V钢的磨损机制为典型的氧化磨损,高的硬度有助于减少基体塑性变形,降低氧化物膜的剥落数量,而过多未溶碳化物和晶粒粗大等因素则导致在一定磨损载荷下基体开裂,加速氧化物剥落。     

构型陶瓷/钢铁耐磨复合材料研究进展

近年来,陶瓷颗粒非均匀分布增强钢铁基复合材料(构型复合材料)由于具有优异的耐磨性,成为国内外高性能耐磨材料研究和应用的热点.对构型复合材料耐磨性的研究进行了综述,认为在无冲击磨料磨损工况下,构型复合材料的耐磨性显著高于常规陶瓷颗粒均匀分布增强复合材料,其耐磨性顺序按照基体排列为:高铬铸铁基>合金钢基>高锰钢基复合材料;陶瓷/钢铁界面结合强,则复合材料耐磨性高;按照陶瓷颗粒排序是:WC>(TiC,ZTA)>Al2O3增强复合材料;ZTA中ZrO2含量高,则耐磨性好.在高冲击磨料磨损工况下,构型复合材料耐磨性远不如无冲击工况下的耐磨性,有的甚至比基体差;合金钢基复合材料耐磨性比高锰钢基稍高.综述了不同工况下构型复合材料的磨损机理,并提出了构型陶瓷/钢铁复合材料的研究方向.     

稀土变质处理对耐磨高铬铸铁组织性能的影响

本文采用稀土变质荆对高铬铸铁进行变质处理,通过OM和SEM测试观察高铬铸铁变质处理前后及热处理前后的形貌及微观组织,并通过硬度、冲击韧性及磨损量测试研究变质和热处理对其力学性能的影响。结果表明：高铬铸铁在经过稀土变质处理后组织细化,网状碳化物破碎成孤立块状,硬度、冲击韧性及耐磨性提高;经过950℃-1000℃正火处理后,碳化物进一步破碎,在奥氏体基体上析出弥散的二次碳化物,进一步提高了高铬铸铁的硬度、韧性和耐磨性能。     

XCQ16-1车桥用钢调质热处理工艺的研究

为了提高整体式车桥用钢的综合力学性能,对XCQ16-1钢进行了调质热处理工艺研究.通过材料单向拉伸、冲击和硬度等试验,研究了不同回火温度、回火保温时间、淬火温度和淬火保温时间对XCQ16-1钢力学性能的影响规律,制定了试验条件下的调质热处理工艺,并分析了不同工艺参数对材料组织的影响规律.试验结果表明:回火工艺对XCQ16-1钢组织和力学性能的影响比较大,随回火温度的升高和回火保温时间的延长,材料的强度性能下降,塑性和韧性指标上升.经860℃保温30min淬火+470℃保温90min回火调质处理后,该材料可获得良好的综合性能.     

高铬铸铁耐磨材料在泥沙磨损条件下耐磨性影响因素分析

分析了碳化物形态与分布、基体组织和稀土变质处理对高铬铸铁耐磨材料在泥沙磨损条件下的耐磨性影响。结果表明：碳化物的形态和分布对高铬铸铁的耐磨性有直接影响,块状或短杆状且分布均匀的碳化物对提高材料的耐磨性有利,网状或长针状碳化物对耐磨性不利;在泥沙磨损试验条件下,提高高铬铸铁中基体组织的显微硬度和基体组织与碳化物的结合强度有利于提高高铬铸铁材料的耐磨性;稀土元素的加入,使高铬铸铁的晶粒细化,碳化物颗粒变得细小,分布更为均匀,有利于提高高铬铸铁在泥沙磨损条件下的耐磨性。     

热处理回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁组织与性能的影响

目前,有关淬火后回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁组织及性能的研究报道不多。为此,采用XRD、OM、SEM、TEM和电子拉力试验机和洛式硬度计,研究了回火温度对Cr26高铬铸铁调质处理前后的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:调质处理前Cr26高铬铸铁中碳化物类型有M_7C_3、M_(23)C_6和M_3C_2;调质处理后Cr26高铬铸铁的显微组织得到明显改善,基体上弥散分布着细小的碳化物;抗拉强度和硬度值随回火温度的增加而降低,延伸率有所提高;回火温度为560℃左右时,抗拉强度、延伸率和硬度值分别为1 294 MPa、8.02%和38.6 HRC,有良好的力学性能。     

B4C包覆ZTA颗粒增强铁基复合材料制备与性能

ZTA (ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃)陶瓷颗粒表面包覆B₄C微粉,将其制备成蜂窝状结构陶瓷预制体。采用传统重力浇注工艺将陶瓷预制体与熔融的高铬铸铁(HCCI)金属溶液进行复合,获得ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料。对复合材料中ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强相与高铬铸铁基体之间的界面及复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,ZTA陶瓷颗粒与高铬铸铁界面结合处形成了明显的过渡区域,界面过渡区域的存在提高了陶瓷颗粒与金属基体的结合,从而提升了复合材料的整体稳定性能。同时,三体磨料磨损试验表明该复合材料的耐磨料磨损性能是高铬铸铁的3.5倍左右。     

粉末烧结法和铸造法制备ZrO2增韧Al2O3陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料及其耐磨性能

将粒径为1~2 mm的ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃陶瓷颗粒(ZTA_p)、高铬合金粉末和黏结剂混合真空烧结制备蜂窝状预制体,再浇注高铬铸铁液制备出ZTA_p增强高铬铸铁基复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、XRD分析复合材料的界面微观结构和物相组成,通过三体磨损试验评价复合材料的耐磨性能。结果表明,烧结高铬铸铁基体在铸造过程中发生重熔,与铸造高铬铸铁基体呈冶金结合,ZTA_p与金属基体界面结合致密,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷。复合材料三体耐磨性能达到高铬铸铁的3倍以上。将该复合材料应用于制备磨辊件,经过5 000 h服役,柱状区和复合区在磨辊半径方向上的磨损量分别为8.2 mm、5.9 mm,预计寿命可达到高铬铸铁磨辊的2倍以上。      

A study of self‐hardening bainitic cast steel

Bainitic cast steel is a kind of wear resistant material which has high strength and toughness, and can usually be obtained by isothermal quenching or molybdenum alloying. However, isothermal quenching has lower production efficiency and molybdenum alloying has higher production cost. In this paper, according to the characteristics that manganese and boron elements delayed the pearlitic transformation, the authors developed a new type of self‐hardening bainitic cast steel in which manganese and boron were main alloy elements and a small amount of titanium, nitrogen, calcium, barium and yttrium elements were also added in the steel that could refine and purify the solidification structure of steel. On this basis, the author studied the effect of tempering treatment on microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of bainitic cast steel. The results showed that impact toughness of bainitic cast steel increased ceaselessly with the increase of tempering temperature, and there was tempering brittleness while tempering from 450°C–500°C. Moreover, the hardness of bainitic cast steel decreased with the increase of tempering temperature, and hardness decreased slowly and maintained at 55HRC or above when tempering temperature was lower than 300°C. Under the condition of two‐body pin‐on‐disc wear, the wear resistance of bainitic cast steel decreased with the increase of tempering temperature, but bainitic cast steel tempering at 300°C had excellent wear resistance in the condition of impact wear. In the practical use, the bucket teeth of excavator and the hammer of crusher making from self‐hardening bainitic cast steel were safe and reliable, and their service life were increased by 120–150% than Hadfield manganese steel.     

Reinforcement of Hadfield steel matrix by oriented high‐chromium cast iron bars

To attain a wear‐resistant material compatible with high hardness and high toughness, Hadfield steel matrix was reinforced by oriented high chromium cast iron bars, through inserting high chromium alloys flux‐cored welding wires into Hadfield steel melt at 1500 ± 10 °C. The obtained composites were investigated by XRD, SEM, micro‐hardness, three‐body abrasion wear and impact toughness testers. The results show that the alloy powders inside the flux‐cored welding wires can be melted by the heat capacity of Hadfield steel melt and in situ solidified into high chromium cast iron bar reinforcements tightly embedded in the matrix. The micro‐hardness of reinforcements of the water‐quenched composite is about four times higher than that of the matrix. The impact toughness of the water‐quenched composite is higher than that of the as‐cast composite and lower than that of Hadfield steel, and its fracture mechanism is very complicated and refers to brittle and ductile mixture fracture mode. The excellent impact toughness and better wear resistance of the water‐quenched composite are attributed to combine fully the advantages and avoid the drawbacks of both Hadfield steel and high chromium cast iron. Additionally, in industrial application, the pulverizer plate produced by this composite, has also better wear resistance compared to the reference Hadfield steel pulverizer plate.     

双液金属复合耐磨板厚度对复合层组织和性能的影响

利用双液铸造液膜连接工艺制备大平面的低碳钢/高铬铸铁耐磨板。采用SEM,EDS对复合层进行组织观察及成分分析。结果表明:不同厚度的复合板从低碳钢侧至高铬铸铁侧可以分为低碳钢→珠光体过渡层→复合层→高铬铸铁过渡层,双金属复合层完全实现了冶金结合。通过对复合层区域进行显微硬度分析,从低碳钢至高铬铸铁侧的显微硬度在345~1260HV范围梯度分布。复合层的显微组织主要为γ-Fe+粒状碳化物。高铬铸铁过渡层奥氏体组织呈现垂直复合层方向的树枝状生长,并随着耐磨板厚度的增加,奥氏体生长的方向性逐渐消失。根据低碳钢的温度变化初步建立了相关的温度场数学模型。     

Fabrication of high chromium cast iron/low carbon steel composite material by cast and hot rolling process

A sandwich-structured composite blank containing a high chromium cast iron (HCCI) and low carbon steel (LCS) claddings was successfully fabricated by casting and hot rolling, and then a series of quenching and tempering treatments were employed. The evolution of microstructures and microhardness of as-cast, hot-rolled and heat-treated specimens were investigated. The microstructures of hot-rolled HCCI are refined and significant variations of carbides are observed. A perfect metallurgical bonding between HCCI and LCS is revealed by the continuous distributions of alloy elements. The microhardness of hot-rolled HCCI after quenching and tempering is found to be close to that of as-cast one. The hardness of HCCI can reach up to HV 750 or above after oil quenching. The hardness of HCCI reduced to HV 600–750 after tempering due to the tempering of martensite.