纳米流体强化相变蓄冷特性的实验研究

在水基液中添加少量的纳米Cu颗粒(平均粒径为25nm),经超声波振荡和添加分散剂后,制备成分散稳定的Cu-H2O纳米流体.实验研究了纳米颗粒添加剂对水过冷度的影响,并采用红外热摄仪在线观察了纳米流体结晶过程的温度分布.结果表明.在水基液中加入纳米Cu粒子后,其过冷度明显降低,且随着纳米Cu质量分数的增加,流体的结冰时间缩短.Cu-H2O纳米流体的相变温度比水的提高了1℃,因此,纳米流体蓄冰时可以降低压缩机的输入功率,从而节约成本、减少能耗.     

Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体相变蓄冷特性研究

在水介质中悬浮少量的纳米氧化铝颗粒(粒径20nm),通过添加分散剂和超声波振荡,制备成均匀分散的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体。对水和Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变蓄冷特性进行了实验比较。结果表明,加入纳米Al2O3可降低水的过冷度,缩短结冰时间;在相同的时间内,纳米流体的蓄冷量要大于纯水。     

SiO2-H2O纳米悬浮液的导热及其机理分析

采用"两步法"分别将50 nm、500 nm粒径的SiO2纳米颗粒加入去离子水中制备纳米悬浮液,采用稳定性分析仪测试SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的分散稳定性.结果显示:SiO2-H2O纳米悬浮液的不稳定性指数低于0.37,说明SiO2纳米颗粒在去离子水中分散稳定.在此基础上,采用Hotdisk导热系数仪分别测试SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液在25℃、-20℃下的导热系数,就颗粒浓度和粒径的影响进行研究.结果显示:SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液在25℃下的液相导热系数随颗粒浓度的增大、粒径的减小而上升;在-20℃下由于冰的导热系数比SiO2纳米颗粒大,SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的固相导热系数转而下降.采用Maxwell、Bruggeman、Yu and Choi和Xie提出的导热系数模型计算SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的液相和固相导热系数,与测试结果对比发现:导热系数模型能相对较好地预测SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的固相导热系数,但对悬浮液液相导热系数的预测存在很大偏差.分析认为,在纳米颗粒自身导热性能和其微观布朗运动对SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的导热强化中,纳米颗粒的微观布朗运动起到主要作用.     

TiO_2-H_2O纳米流体流变特性的实验研究

测量了不同体积浓度的TiO2-H2O纳米流体在不同温度下的粘度,结果表明,TiO2-H2O纳米流体的粘度显著大于未添加纳米粒子的纯水的粘度值,并且粘度随体积浓度的增大急剧增大,随温度的升高而急剧减小.流变特性表明,在所配制的体积浓度内,TiO2-H2O纳米流体是一种典型的牛顿型流体.     

二元混合表面活性剂对纳米流体热物性影响

采用两步法制备了添加二元混合表面活性剂的氧化锌纳米流体，纳米颗粒的体积浓度为0.398%～2.292%。XRD、TEM对氧化锌纳米粒子进行表征，吸光度法和沉降法分析了纳米流体稳定性，之后研究15～55℃时，制备流体的导热与黏度，并与添加单一表面活性剂的纳米流体进行对比。实验结果显示，添加SDS/CTAB纳米流体稳定性更优。纳米流体导热系数随温度及纳米粒子体积浓度的增加而增大，55℃,2.292%的纳米流体热导率增强最大，提高了38%,且热导率增强作用明显优于单一表面活性剂的添加。纳米流体黏度随温度及纳米粒子体积浓度的增加而逐渐降低，在55℃,2.292%时拥有最小黏度0.645 mPa·s。与单一表面活性剂相比，SDS/CTAB的添加能有效降低纳米流体黏度，对减小纳米流体黏度有积极作用。     

太阳能集热Co-H_2O纳米流体比热容特性实验研究

采用两步法制配了Co-H_2O纳米流体,实验研究了纳米颗粒质量分数、直径、温度对纳米流体比热容的影响。结果表明:去离子水的比热随着纳米颗粒的添加不断减小,质量分数为0.1%和0.2%的Co-H_2O纳米流体比热比去离子水分别降低了2.88%和5.76%。随着温度的升高,纳米流体的比热容逐渐增大,并且纳米流体质量分数越大,其比热随温度变化的趋势相对低浓度的纳米流体越明显。粒径越小的纳米流体比热容越大。现有比热容计算模型与实验结果相差较大,不能直接用于计算。     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的制备及其分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质Al2O3-H2O纳米流体,给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性.同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,粉体体系的分散性能越好;pH值约在8.0时,溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高,吸光度较大,说明此时有较好的分散效果;SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒问静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性.在0.1%纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液中,SDBS分散剂最佳加入量(质量分数)为0.10%时,能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系.     

TiO_2-H_2O混合纳米流体的稳定性

采用水热合成法制备TiO_2纳米管(TiNTs)和纳米片(TiNSs),以不同浓度比将两种纳米颗粒分散在水中形成水基混合纳米流体,研究了纳米流体总浓度和两种纳米颗粒浓度比对混合纳米流体稳定性的影响。通过纳米颗粒沉降高度随时间的变化计算了纳米颗粒的相对沉降速率,并用沉降速率评价了纳米流体的稳定性。结果显示,纳米流体总浓度越大,纳米颗粒沉降速率越小,纳米流体越稳定;总浓度相同时,在TiNTs浓度高的情况下,混合纳米流体的稳定性较好且优于单组份TiNTs和TiNSs纳米流体,但在TiNSs浓度高的情况下,混合纳米流体的稳定性较差。测试了不同剪切速率下纳米流体的粘度;从粘度变化的角度解释了纳米流体总浓度与TiNTs和TiNSs浓度比影响纳米颗粒沉降速率的原因。     

Cu_xFe_（1-x）O·Fe_2O_3磁流体纳米微粒的制备与性能分析

为增强磁流体在肿瘤治疗中的靶向性,本研究在制备磁流体过程中加入Cu2＋,利用超声乳化法制备纳米CuxFe1-xO.Fe2O3颗粒,采用壳聚糖作为表面活性剂制备出分散均匀、稳定性好的水基磁流体,研究了不同的Cu2＋加入量和不同的壳聚糖用量对磁流体磁性能的影响.结果表明：壳聚糖成功包覆于磁性CuxFe1-xO.Fe2 O3...     

纳米流体的稳定性研究

从分散体系的稳定因素、纳米颗粒间的相互作用力、分散体系的沉降-扩散平衡、表面活性剂的作用等方面对纳米流体的稳定性进行了理论分析,结果表明,降低纳米颗粒的表面自由能、减小纳米颗粒与基液间的密度差、减小基液的黏度等都可提高纳米流体的稳定性。通过静置对比试验和TEM表征,研究了表面活性剂对提高纳米流体稳定性的作用。     

Some physical properties of V2O5-Fe2O3 and V2O5-Fe2O3-Li2O systems

Various methods have been used to study the physical properties of the V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems, including X-ray, electron microscope, Mössbauer effect, NMR and thermogravimetric measurements. The iron ions are approximately equally distributed in substitutional and interstitial sites in the V₂O₅ lattice. The maximum number of iron ions dissolved in the V₂O₅ matrix corresponds to 4 mol % Fe₂O₃. In all the samples a quantity of Fe₂O₃ which has not been included in lattice is observed. The V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃-Li₂O systems are formed from solid solutions mixed with very small Fe₂O₃ particles. The analysis of the charge compensation of iron ions suggests that V₂O₅ is a quasi-amorphous semiconductor. Irradiation of V₂O₅-based samples with an electron beam induces the V₂O₅ platelets to convert to the VO _x phase.     

Structural studies of some V2O5-P2O5-B2O3-Fe2O3 glass systems

X-ray diffraction and infrared measurements were performed on vanadium borophosphate glass containing different amounts of iron ranging from 0–7.5 mol % and heat treated at 300 °C for various times. The structure and phase separation could be determined for each glass composition. V₂O₅ was the main precipitated phase in all heat-treated samples, and its amount was dependent on the heat-treatment time and Fe₂O₃ content. Also FeP was detected in samples heat treated for 24 h. The infrared measurements showed the presence of both V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺. The symmetry of V₂O ₇ ⁴⁻ and VO ₄ ³⁻ groups was found to increase with increasing Fe₂O₃ content. It was also found that some PO₄ changed to BO₃, forming a non-bridging oxygen.     

Study of structures and properties of ZnO-Sb2O3-P2O5-Na2O glasses

The influence of ZnO substitution by 0–12 wt.% Na₂O on the properties of ZnO-Sb₂O₃-P₂O₅-Na₂O glasses has been investigated. The structure and properties of the glasses with the composition of (13.86-x)ZnO-57.93Sb₂O₃-28.21P₂O_5?x Na₂O (x = 0–12 wt.%) were characterized by infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results of IR indicated an increase in the intensity of symmetric vibrations of P-O-P bond, which was confirmed by the improvement of water durability with the increasing amount of Na₂O in the range of 0–10 wt.%. Substitution of 10 wt.% Na₂O led to the weight loss of the glass to 5.93 mg/cm^?2 after immersion in deionized water at 50 °C for 24 h. The results of XRD showed that the ability of crystallization decreased, indicating the good thermal stability of the glass. The glass containing 8 wt.% Na₂O had the best properties in every respect and might be an alternative to lead based glasses for the applications, providing further composition improvement.     

Plasma spraying of Al2O3 and Al2O3Y2O3

A microstructural study has been carried out of plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃ and mixed and sintered Al₂O₃Y₂O₃. In order to ascertain the degree of metastability achieved by plasma spraying, these results are compared with a similar experiment utilizing a CO₂ laser for melting and the hammer-and-anvil technique for quenching of the same materials. X-ray diffraction methods were used to determine the obtained phases and crystal structures. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the phases present and to study their morpology. The porosity was studied with both mercury intrusion porosimetry and small angle neutron scattering. The addition of Y₂O₃ is shown to decrease the porosity from 15% to 7.5%. Adhesion is likewise related to the addition of Y₂O₃ and it is seen that adhesion of the mixture is measurably improved over that of pure Al₂O₃. The implication of these results is discussed.     

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3/Al2O3 Joints Bonded with ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic

ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 （ZABS） glass powder was used as interlayer to join alumina ceramics. The effect of joining temperature on the microstructure and strength of joints was investigated. The results showed that the ZABS glass can react with alumina substrate to form a layer of ZnAl2O4 at Al2O3/glass interface. Bending test exhibited that low joining temperature （1150℃） led to low joint strength due to the formation of pores in the interlayer, originated by high viscosity of the glass. High joining temperature （1250 ℃） also resulted in low joint strength, because of large CTE （coefficient of thermal expansion） mismatch between amorphous interlayer and alumina substrate. Therefore, only when the joining temperature was appropriate （1200℃）, defect-free interface and high joint strength can be obtained. The optimum joint strength reached 285 MPa, which was the same as the base material strength.     

Physical and Thermal Properties of P2O5-Al2O3-BaO-La2O3 Glasses

The physical and thermal properties of P2O5-Al2O3-BaO-La2O3 glasses were investigated. The effects of glass compositions on the transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, density, hardness and refractive index of glasses were studied. The highest hardness of the glasses is 4143.891 MPa and the lowest thermal expansion coefficient of the glasses is 71.770×10-7/℃. A phosphate glass with high mechanical strength and good thermal characteristic is obtained.