Null-field integral equation approach for free vibration analysis of circular plates with multiple circular holes

In this paper, a semi-analytical approach for the eigenproblem of circular plates with multiple circular holes is presented. Natural frequencies and modes are determined by employing the null-field integral formulation in conjunction with degenerate kernels, tensor rotation and Fourier series. In the proposed approach, all kernel functions are expanded into degenerate (separable) forms and all boundary densities are represented by using Fourier series. By uniformly collocating points on the real boundary and taking finite terms of Fourier series, a linear algebraic system can be constructed. The direct searching approach is adopted to determine the natural frequency through the singular value decomposition (SVD). After determining the unknown Fourier coefficients, the corresponding mode shape is obtained by using the boundary integral equations for domain points. The result of the annular plate, as a special case, is compared with the analytical solution to verify the validity of the present method. For the cases of circular plates with an eccentric hole or multiple circular holes, eigensolutions obtained by the present method are compared well with those of the existing approximate analytical method or finite element method (ABAQUS). Besides, the effect of eccentricity of the hole on the natural frequency and mode is also considered. Moreover, the inherent problem of spurious eigenvalue using the integral formulation is investigated and the SVD updating technique is adopted to suppress the occurrence of spurious eigenvalues. Excellent accuracy, fast rate of convergence and high computational efficiency are the main features of the present method thanks to the semi-analytical procedure.     

Mathematical analysis and numerical study to free vibrations of annular plates using BIEM and BEM

In this paper, the spurious eigenequations for annular plate eigenproblems by using BIEM and BEM are studied in the continuous and discrete systems. Since any two boundary integral equations in the plate formulation (4 equations) can be chosen, 6 (C) options can be considered instead of only two approaches (single‐layer and double‐layer methods, or singular and hypersingular equations) which are adopted for the eigenproblems of the membrane and acoustic problems. The occurring mechanism of the spurious eigenequation for annular plates in the complex‐valued formulations is studied analytically. For the continuous system, degenerate kernels for the fundamental solution and the Fourier series expansion for the circular boundary density are employed to derive the true and spurious eigenequations analytically. For the discrete system, the degenerate kernels for the fundamental solution and circulants resulting from the circular boundary are employed to determine the true and spurious eigenequations. True eigenequation depends on the specified boundary condition while spurious eigenequation is embedded in each formulation. It is found that the spurious eigenvalue for the annular plate is the true eigenvalue of the associated interior problem with an inner radius of the annular domain. Also, we provide three methods (SVD updating technique, Burton and Miller method and CHIEF method) to suppress the occurrence of the spurious eigenvalues. Several examples were demonstrated to check the validity of the formulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mathematical analysis and numerical study of true and spurious eigenequations for free vibration of plates using real-part BEM

In this paper, a real-part BEM for solving the eigenfrequencies of plates is proposed for saving half effort in computation instead of using the complex-valued BEM. By employing the real-part fundamental solution, the spurious eigenequations in conjunction with the true eigenequation are obtained for free vibration of plate. To verify this finding, the circulant is adopted to analytically derive the true and spurious eigenequations in the discrete system of a circular plate. In order to obtain the eigenvalues and boundary modes at the same time, the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is utilized. For the continuous system, mathematical analysis for the spurious eigenequation was done by using the degenerate kernel and Fourier series. Good agreement of the analytical solutions (continuous and discrete systems) is made. Three cases, clamped, simply-supported and free circular plates, are demonstrated analytically and numerically to see the validity of the present method. SVD updating technique is adopted to suppress the ocurrence of the spurious eigenvalues, and a clamped plate is demonstrated analytically for the discrete system in this paper.     

Eigensolutions of the Helmholtz equation for a multiply connected domain with circular boundaries using the multipole Trefftz method

In this paper, 2D eigenproblems with the multiply connected domain are studied by using the multipole Trefftz method. We extend the conventional Trefftz method to the multipole Trefftz method by introducing the multipole expansion. The addition theorem is employed to expand the Trefftz bases to the same polar coordinates centered at one circle, where boundary conditions are specified. Owing to the introduction of the addition theorem, collocation techniques are not required to construct the linear algebraic system. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be found at the same time by employing the singular value decomposition (SVD). To deal with the eigenproblems, the present method is free of pollution of spurious eigenvalues. Both the eigenvalues and eigenmodes compare well with those obtained by analytical methods and the BEM as shown in illustrative examples.     

Analytical study and numerical experiments of true and spurious eigensolutions of free vibration of circular plates using real-part BIEM

Following the success of the CHEEF method [Chen IL, Chen JT, Kuo SR, Liang MT. A new method for true and spurious eigensolutions of arbitrary cavities using the combined Helmholtz exterior integral equation formulation method. J Acoust Soc Am 2001; 109(3):982–98] and the real-part BEM [Kuo SR, Chen JT, Huang CX. Analytical study and numerical experiments for true and spurious eigensolutions of a circular cavity using the real-part dual BEM. Int J Numer Methods Eng 2000; 48:1401–22] for solving the membrane eigenproblem, we extend to the plate problem in this paper. The boundary integral equation method (BIEM) using only the real-part kernel instead of the complex-valued kernel is employed to solve the plate eigenproblem for saving half effort in computation. The spurious eigenvalue that resulted due to insufficient constraint is examined. To deal with this problem, a combined Helmholtz exterior integral equation formulation method (CHEEF) is employed to provide sufficient constraints to filter out spurious eigenvalues. The constraint equations of the transverse displacement, normal derivative and tangent derivative for the exterior collocating points are derived. If these constraint equations are properly chosen, one collocating point was sufficient to filter out all the spurious eigenvalues easily and efficiently, even for the repeated spurious eigenvalues. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to verify the analytical results.     

On the null and nonzero fields for true and spurious eigenvalues of annular and confocal elliptical membranes

In this paper, the dual boundary element method (BEM) and the null-field boundary integral equation method (BIEM) are both employed to solve two-dimensional eigenproblems. The positions of true and spurious eigenvalues for circular, elliptical, annular and confocal elliptical membranes are analytically examined in the continuous system and numerically studied in the discrete system. To analytically study eigenproblems, the polar and elliptical coordinates in conjunction with the Bessel functions, the Mathieu functions, the Fourier series and eigenfunction expansions are adopted. The fundamental solution is expanded into the degenerate kernel while the boundary densities of circular and elliptical boundaries are expanded by using the Fourier series and eigenfunction expansion, respectively. Dirichlet and Neumann eigenproblems are both considered as well as simply and doubly-connected domains are both addressed. By employing the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique in the discrete system, the common right unitary vectors corresponding to the true eigenvalues for the singular and hypersingular formulations are found while the common left unitary vectors corresponding to the spurious eigenvalues are obtained for the singular formulation or hypersingular formulation. True eigenvalues depend on the boundary condition while spurious eigenvalues depend on the approach, the singular formulation or hypersingular formulation of BEM/BIEM. Nonzero field in the domain are analytically derived and are numerically verified in case of the true eigenvalue while the interior null field and nonzero field for the complementary domain are obtained in case of the spurious eigenvalue. Four examples, circular, elliptical, annular and confocal elliptical membranes, are considered to demonstrate the finding of the present paper. After comparing with the analytical and numerical results, good agreements are made. The dual BEM displays the dual structure in the unitary vector and the null field.     

Degenerate scale for the analysis of circular thin plate using the boundary integral equation method and boundary element methods

In this paper, the degenerate scale for plate problem is studied. For the continuous model, we use the null-field integral equation, Fourier series and the series expansion in terms of degenerate kernel for fundamental solutions to examine the solvability of BIEM for circular thin plates. Any two of the four boundary integral equations in the plate formulation may be chosen. For the discrete model, the circulant is employed to determine the rank deficiency of the influence matrix. Both approaches, continuous and discrete models, lead to the same result of degenerate scale. We study the nonunique solution analytically for the circular plate and find degenerate scales. The similar properties of solvability condition between the membrane (Laplace) and plate (biharmonic) problems are also examined. The number of degenerate scales for the six boundary integral formulations is also determined. Tel.: 886-2-2462-2192-ext. 6140 or 6177     

Modal analysis of plates using the dual reciprocity boundary element method

This paper presents a new method for determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes for the free vibration of thin elastic plates using the boundary element and dual reciprocity methods. The solution to the plate's equation of motion is assumed to be of separable form. The problem is further simplified by using the fundamental solution of an infinite plate in the reciprocity theorem. Except for the inertia term, all domain integrals are transformed into boundary integrals using the reciprocity theorem. However, the inertia domain integral is evaluated in terms of the boundary nodes by using the dual reciprocity method. In this method, a set of interior points is selected and the deflection at these points is assumed to be a series of approximating functions. The reciprocity theorem is applied to reduce the domain integrals to a boundary integral. To evaluate the boundary integrals, the displacements and rotations are assumed to vary linearly along the boundary. The boundary integrals are discretized and evaluated numerically. The resulting matrix equations are significantly smaller than the finite element formulation for an equivalent problem. Mode shapes for the free vibration of circular and rectangular plates are obtained and compared with analytical and finite element results.     

Analytical study and numerical experiments for true and spurious eigensolutions of a circular cavity using an efficient mixed-part dual BEM

 In this paper, we develop an efficient mixed-part dual BEM to solve the eigensolutions of a circular cavity analytically and numerically. The method is proposed by choosing a fewer number of equations from the dual BEM instead of all of the equations in the dual BEM developed by Chen and his coworkers. To solve this problem analytically, the spurious solution can be filtered out by adding constraints from the dual boundary integral equations. The proposed method is superior to the complex-valued BEM not only for half effort in constructing the influence matrix, but also for its fewer size of dimension. Also, numerical experiments are performed to compare with the analytical results and the true eigensolutions can be easily extracted out in conjunction with the singular value decomposition technique (SVD). The optimum number of collocation point and appropriate collocating positions for the additional constraints are discussed.     

Degenerate scale problem when solving Laplace's equation by BEM and its treatment

In this paper, Laplace problems are solved by using the dual boundary element method (BEM). It is found that a degenerate scale problem occurs if the conventional BEM is used. In this case, the influence matrix is rank deficient and numerical results become unstable. Both the circular and elliptical bars are studied analytically in the continuous system. In the discrete system, the Fredholm alternative theorem in conjunction with the SVD (Singular Value Decomposition) updating documents is employed to sort out the spurious mode which causes the numerical instability. Three regularization techniques, method of adding a rigid body mode, hypersingular formulation and CHEEF (Combined Helmholtz Exterior integral Equation Formulation) concept, are employed to deal with the rank‐deficiency problem. The addition of a rigid body term, c, in the fundamental solution is proved to shift the original degenerate scale to a new degenerate scale by a factor e^?c. The torsion rigidities are obtained and compared with analytical solutions. Numerical examples including elliptical, square and triangular bars were demonstrated to show the failure of conventional BEM in case of the degenerate scale. After employing the three regularization techniques, the accuracy of the proposed approaches is achieved. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

开孔薄板弹性波散射与动应力集中

本文采用边界无法对开孔无限大薄板弹性波的散射与动应力集中问题进行理论分析和数值计算。基于动力学功的互等定理建立了薄板弯曲波动问题的边界积分方程,应用Ｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａ软件首次推导了各影响系数的计算公式．最后,给出了圆孔附近的动应力集中系数的数值结果。     

Eigenfunction expansion variational method for stress intensity factor and T-stress evaluation of a circular cracked plate

Summary In this paper, the eigenfunction expansion variational method (Abbreviated as EEVM) is developed to solve the T-stress problem of the circular cracked plate. In the traction boundary value problem, EEVM is equivalent to the theorem of least potential energy in elasticity. Therefore, EEVM possesses a clear physical meaning. EEVM does not need any boundary collocation scheme. For the circular cracked plate, the following boundary value problems are solved: (a) with a uniform normal loading on the boundary, (b) with a partial loading on the boundary, (c) under mixed boundary condition. For the circular cracked plate with applied concentrated forces, after using the superposition principle and EEVM, the boundary value problem is solved. In the numerical examples, many computed results for stress intensity factor (SIF) and T-stress are presented. Some of computed results for T-stress are first presented in this paper.     

The Method of Fundamental Solutions for Eigenfrequencies of Plate Vibrations

This paper describes the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) to solve eigenfrequencies of plate vibrations by utilizing the direct determinant search method. The complex-valued kernels are used in the MFS in order to avoid the spurious eigenvalues. The benchmark problems of a circular plate with clamped, simply supported and free boundary conditions are studied analytically as well as numerically using the discrete and continuous versions of the MFS schemes to demonstrate the major results of the present paper. Namely only true eigenvalues are contained and no spurious eigenvalues are included in the range of direct determinant search method. Consequently analytical derivation is carried out by using the degenerate kernels and Fourier series to obtain the exact eigenvalues which are used to validate the numerical methods. The MFS is free from meshes, singularities, and numerical integrations. As a result, the proposed numerical method can be easily used to solve plate vibrations free from spurious eigenvalues in simply connected domains.     

Construction of Green's function using null-field integral approach for Laplace problems with circular boundaries

A null-field approach is employed to derive the Green's function for boundary value problems stated for the Laplace equation with circular boundaries. The kernel function and boundary density are expanded by using the degenerate kernel and Fourier series, respectively. Series-form Green's function for interior and exterior problems of circular boundary are derived and plotted in a good agreement with the closed-form solution. The Poisson integral formula is extended to an annular case from a circle. Not only an eccentric ring but also a half-plane problem with an aperture are demonstrated to see the validity of the present approach. Besides, a half-plane problem with a circular hole subject to Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions and a half-plane problem with a circular hole and a semi-circular inclusion are solved. Good agreement is made after comparing with the Melnikov's results.     

Complex variable boundary integral method for linear viscoelasticity: Part II—application to problems involving circular boundaries

Complex variable integral equations for linear viscoelasticity derived in Part I [Huang Y, Mogilevskaya SG, Crouch SL. Complex variable boundary integral method for linear viscoelasticity. Part I—basic formulations. Eng Anal Bound Elem 2006; in press, doi:10.1016/j.enganabound.2005.12.007.] are employed to solve the problem of an infinite viscoelastic plane containing a circular hole. The viscoelastic material behaves as a Boltzmann model in shear and its bulk response is elastic. Constant or time-dependent stresses are applied at the boundary of the hole, or, if desired, at infinity. Time-dependent variables on the circular boundary (displacements or tractions in the direct formulation of the complex variable boundary integral method or unknown complex density functions in the indirect formulations) are represented by truncated complex Fourier series with time-dependent coefficients and all the space integrals involved are evaluated analytically. Analytical Laplace transform and its inversion are adopted to accomplish the evaluation of the associated time convolutions. Several examples are given to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the method. Generalization of the approach to the problems with multiple holes is discussed.     

Magnetoelastic modeling of circular cylindrical shells immersed in a magnetic field. Part I: Magnetoelastic loads considering finite dimensional effects

Determination of magnetoelastic loads acting on a perfectly electro-conductive circular cylindrical shell immersed in a uniform applied magnetic field is addressed. The finite dimensional effects related to the finite length and finite thickness of the shell are taken into consideration. Fourier integral method is used to derive the singular integral equations governing the distributed magnetoelastic loads. As special cases, determination of magnetoelastic loads via discarding the thickness effect are obtained from the general formulation, and the magnetoelastic loads of infinitely long shells are derived. Magnetoelastic loads on plate strips or infinite plates are also reduced from the general formulation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first work devoted to the analytical determination of magnetoelastic loads on circular cylindrical shells considering the finite length and thickness effects.     

Applications of dual MRM for determining the natural frequencies and natural modes of an Euler–Bernoulli beam using the singular value decomposition method

In this paper, a dual multiple reciprocity method (MRM) is employed to solve the natural frequencies and natural modes for an Euler–Bernoulli beam. It is found that the conventional MRM using an essential integral equation results in spurious eigenvalues and modes. By using the natural integral equation of dual MRM, the spurious eigendata can be filtered out. Four numerical examples are given to verify the validity of the present formulation. In one of these four examples, fixed–fixed supported beam, it is found that the boundary eigenvector cannot be determined by either the essential or natural integral equation alone since the rank of the corresponding leading coefficient matrix is insufficient. The singular value decomposition method is then used to solve the eigenproblem after combining the essential and natural integral equations. This method can avoid the spurious eigenvalue problem and possible indeterminancy of boundary eigenvectors at the same time.     

A new method for Stokes problems with circular boundaries using degenerate kernel and Fourier series

This study is concerned with the Stokes flow of an incompressible fluid of constant density and viscosity with circular boundaries. To fully capture the circular boundary, the boundary densities in the direct and indirect boundary integral equations (BIEs) are expanded in terms of Fourier series. The kernel functions in either the direct BIE or the indirect BIE are expanded to degenerate kernels by using the separation of field and source points. Consequently, the improper integrals are transformed to series sum and are easily calculated. The linear algebraic system can be established by matching the boundary conditions at the collocation points. Then, the unknown Fourier coefficients can be easily determined. Finally, several examples including circular and eccentric domains are presented to demonstrate the validity of the present method. Five gains were obtained: (1) meshless approach; (2) free of boundary‐layer effect; (3) singularity free; (4) exponential convergence; and (5) well‐posed model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel method for solving the displacement and stress fields of an infinite domain with circular holes and/or inclusions subject to a screw dislocation

In this paper, the degenerate kernel and superposition technique are employed to solve the screw dislocation problems with circular holes or inclusions. The problem is decomposed into the screw dislocation problem with several holes and the interior Laplace problems for several circular inclusions. Following the success of the null-field integral equation approach, the typical boundary value problems can be solved easily. The kernel functions and unknown boundary densities are expanded by using the degenerate kernel and Fourier series, respectively. To the authors?? best knowledge, the angle-type fundamental solution is first derived in terms of degenerate kernel in this paper. Finally, four examples are demonstrated to verify the validity of the present approach.     

Three-dimensional analytical solution for functionally graded magneto–electro-elastic circular plates subjected to uniform load

The problem of a functionally graded, transversely isotropic, magneto–electro-elastic circular plate acted on by a uniform load is considered. The displacements and electric potential are represented by appropriate polynomials in the radial coordinate, of which the coefficients depends on the thickness coordinate, and are called the generalized displacement functions. The governing equations as well as the boundary conditions for these generalized displacement functions are derived from the original equations of equilibrium for axisymmetric problems and the boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate. Explicit expressions are then obtained through a step-by-step integration scheme, with five integral constants determinable from the boundary conditions at the cylindrical surface in the Saint Venant’s sense. The analytical solution is suited to arbitrary variations of material properties along the thickness direction, and can be readily degenerated into those for homogeneous plates. A particular circular plate, with some material constants being the exponential functions of the thickness coordinate, is finally considered for illustration.