超薄单向纤维增强复合材料低频多模式超声兰姆波定征方法

提出低频多模式超声兰姆波定征方法来估计超薄层状单向纤维增强复合材料的密度、厚度、弹性常数等参数。这里"超薄"的概念是指材料厚度h远小于材料中的声波波长λ,导致在时域上材料前后界面的各次回波信号相互混迭。分析了沿平行和垂直于纤维两个方向上,在超薄层状单向纤维增强复合材料中传播的低频兰姆波色散特性,提出在最小二乘意义下以材料色散曲线为基础的反向算法对材料参数进行了估计。文中分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素,研究了该方法对材料参数的灵敏度及其在误差传递中的意义。结合超声漏兰姆波频域分析方法,并使用超声耦合剂耦合方式和一对中心频率为2MHz的宽带纵波换能器,实验结果证实,该方法能够准确估计h<0.05 λ的单向玻璃纤维增强双酚A型聚砜(PSF)复合材料的材料参数。      

超薄覆层低频超声类瑞利波定征方法

本文提出低频超声类瑞利波定征方法来估计覆层/基层层状复合结构超薄覆层的纵波声速、横波声速、厚度和密度等参数。这里“超薄”的概念是指覆层厚度h远小于覆层中的声波波长λ,导致在时域上覆层前后界面的各次回波信号相互混迭。文章采用水楔耦合方式,利用超声漏类瑞利波频域分析方法获取层状复合结构超声类瑞利波色散曲线,提出以色散特性为基础的低频超声类瑞利波覆层定征方法和在最小二乘意义下以色散曲线为基础的反向算法对覆层进行了参数估计。文中分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素,研究了低频超声类瑞利波定征方法对覆层各参数的灵敏度及其在误差传递中的意义。实验结果证实,对于银箔/玻璃层状复合结构,该方法能够准确估计厚度小到26μm银箔覆层的声学参数。     

超薄覆层低频超声类瑞利波定征方法

本文提出低频超声类瑞利波定征方法来估计覆层／基层层状复合结构超薄覆层的纵波声速,横波声速,厚度和密度等参数。这里“超薄”的概念是指覆层厚度ｈ远小于覆层中的声波波长λ,导致在时域上覆层前后界面的各次回波信号相互混迭。文章采用水楔耦合方式,利用超声漏类瑞利波频域分析方法获取层状复合结构超声类瑞利波色散曲线,提出以色散特性为基础的低频超声类瑞利波覆层定征方法和在最小二乘意义下以色散曲线为基础的反向算法对     

超薄弹性层低频超声频域定征方法

本文提出一种定量无损估计超薄弹性层声速、厚度和密度参数的低频超声波频域定征方法。这里“超薄”的概念是指材料厚度远小于材料中声波波长，导致在时域上材料前后界面的多次回波信号相互混迭。本文采用超声纵波垂直入射超薄层材料，分析了水浸耦合和耦合剂耦合两种情况下，材料反射波和透射波的组成，定义和推导了材料的反射与透射传递函数，提出了在最小二乘误差意义上分别使用材料传递函数幅度谱、相位谱和复谱对各参数进行反向估计的算法，分析了影响估计准确性的各种因素，研究了灵敏度函数在误差传递中的意义。实验结果表明该方法能够对厚度小于百分之一声波波长的超薄弹性层进行无损定征。     

兰姆波检测参数曲线的应用研究

为了推广应用兰姆波进行无损检测,对兰姆波检测参数曲线进行了研究。通过对兰姆波频率特征方程的对称模式和反对称模式两种情况进行算法分析,用VC++软件加以编程实现,设计了专门用于绘制兰姆波参数曲线的软件,同时依据激励角频散曲线设计了兰姆波换能器的斜楔结构参数,并制作了兰姆波换能器,进而解决了兰姆波检测参数曲线的绘制和应用问题,所绘制的参数曲线适用于不同材质、不同型号的金属薄板兰姆波检测。     

应用兰姆波测定材料弹性参数的反演方法

提出基于兰姆波基础阶对称模式的反演方法来估计材料的弹性常数。兰姆波在存在复杂边界的结构中传播时,时域上边界回波相互混叠,各波包成分难以识别。根据兰姆波的频散特性,选取群速度最快对称模式的低频,用于反演计算。利用相位展开法获取基础阶对称模式的相速度实验值;建立以相速度实验值、弹性常数估计值、频率为变量的误差函数,当误差函数最小时,相速度实验值与基于弹性常数估计值的频散曲线吻合度最好。结合薄铝板、发电机大功率电机的线棒绝缘层、转向架的弹性常数反演过程,并进行误差分析,验证基础阶对称模式反演方法的可行性、通用性。     

一类对称正交反对称矩阵反问题

设P是n阶对称正交矩阵,如果n阶矩阵A满足AT=-A和(PA)T=-PA,则称A为对称正交反对称矩阵。讨论了问题IPLS:给定n阶矩阵 A,n×m矩阵X和B,求n阶对称正交反对称矩阵A使得‖AX-B‖F=min和‖ A-A‖F=min。给出了该问题解的表达式及其数值方法,并将所得结果应用于研究对称正交反对称矩阵特征值反问题。     

电磁超声兰姆波换能器多目标优化设计

针对电磁超声兰姆波换能器激发的兰姆波存在多模式、频散现象和信号较弱的问题,结合铝合金板材检测背景,提出一种基于＂双交点法＂、＂零斜率准则＂和正交试验设计相结合的电磁超声兰姆波换能器多目标优化设计方法。其中,＂双交点法＂可有效削弱兰姆波多模式现象的影响,＂零斜率准则＂能够有效降低兰姆波的频散现象,而正交试验设计方法可有效提高电磁超声兰姆波信号的幅值。依据所提优化设计方法,对一个在铝板检测中常用的电磁超声兰姆波换能器的9个主要参数进行了多目标优化设计。实验表明,优化后,兰姆波信号中的多模式、频散现象得到显著抑制,而且信号幅值得到明显提升,有效改善了电磁超声兰姆波换能器的工程实用性。     

边跨非对称的三跨悬索桥振动基频估算方法

为了快速计算不对称布置的悬索桥振动基频,基于双塔边跨非对称的三跨连续加劲梁悬索桥,在考虑不对称边跨对振动基频的影响下,采用Rayleigh-Ritz法分别推导了一阶正对称、反对称竖弯及扭转振动基频估算公式,并讨论了公式的通用性。将边跨不对称的三跨连续加劲梁悬索桥跨径相关的参数取极限即可得到简支单跨悬索桥的基频估算公式,最后通过有限元法验证估算公式的精度。研究结果表明:基于边跨非对称悬索桥一阶正对称、反对称竖弯频率的有限元解和文中解误差分别是9.2%和6.7%,而一阶正对称、反对称扭转频率的有限元解和文中解误差分别是5.0%和4.4%,表明推导的估算公式解与有限元解误差能满足设计阶段的要求。最后讨论了跨径相关系数变化对基频的影响,该公式可以方便指导边跨非对称的三跨或简支单跨悬索桥方案选择和初步设计。     

体外预应力连续梁动力性能的能量法二阶分析

选用普通连续梁的正对称和反对称振型作为2跨体外预应力连续梁的振型,精细地分析了体外筋的第1阶和第2阶变形,基于能量法,计算了体外预应力连续梁的自振频率。计算结果说明:体外预压力存在压缩软化效应,该效应可由0~1之间的影响系数来表示;转向座的数量决定了影响系数的大小,跨间无转向座时,影响系数等于1,体外预压力与外轴力具有相同的压缩软化效应;增加转向座数量,体外筋逐渐接近于无黏结筋,影响系数从1逐渐降低至接近于0,体外预压力的压缩软化效应接近于无黏结预压力的零效应。当跨间至少有1个转向座,影响系数明显小于1,可略去体外预压力的压缩软化效应;增加体外筋偏心距和面积,只明显提高梁第1阶正对称振型的自振频率;可略去体外筋对所有反对称振型、第1阶以外的正对称振型自振频率的影响。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.