秦巴山脉绿色交通体系建设面临的挑战及应对思路

区域定位的改变必将影响交通运输发展的格局。对照秦巴山脉新的区域定位,交通运输发展还存在诸多的问题。本文分析了在建设国家中央主体生态功能示范区及国家中央公园这一目标下,秦巴山脉交通运输发展面临的主要挑战,针对该区域未来的经济社会发展和生态环境保护的双重需求,提出了建设秦巴山脉绿色交通体系的总体思路、发展重点和政策建议。     

秦巴山脉区域协同发展研究

本文通过探讨秦巴山脉的协同目标和空间模式,为秦巴山脉核心腹地的生态保护和外围城市地区的绿色发展,提供区域、空间及战略协同路径的支撑参考。文章采用归纳演绎法,通过借鉴国内外相关地区的发展经验,以及自身特殊价值、发展基础、战略使命等方面的论证分析,进行区域协同发展路径和协同空间模式的探讨。提出将秦巴山脉区域建设成为国家生态保护与特色创新发展示范区,并上升为国家战略的区域协同目标建议;同时,提出基于绿心模型和网络城市群的空间协同组织模式。秦巴山脉的绿色发展不可就秦巴论秦巴,应协同周边城市地区,构建体现秦巴山脉生态特色和信息时代特征的空间协同模式,并争取成为国家层面的国土空间战略,最终取得生态保护与绿色发展的双赢。     

基于高速交通网络的秦巴山脉地区空间格局研究

改善通达性是秦巴山脉地区扶贫开发和实现可持续发展的重要手段。本文根据《国家公路网规划(2013年—2030年)》与《中长期铁路网规划》中确定的高速交通网络,研究秦巴山脉地区及周边城市群地区中心城市的可达性,进而模拟秦巴山脉地区的空间格局。研究发现,随着国家规划高速交通网络的建设,秦巴山脉地区将形成以西安为中心的西安—万州、西安—襄阳、西安—洛阳三条放射型主要城市走廊,以及西安—天水、西安—广元、达州—襄阳—南阳—洛阳三条次要城市走廊。受其城市走廊的影响,秦巴山脉地区将形成以陇南、巴中、十堰、栾川为核心的四个巨型绿野。本文建议,未来的秦巴山脉地区空间规划,在努力发挥秦巴山脉地区对周边城市群地区生态平衡作用的同时,要自觉建立秦巴山脉地区内部的空间秩序,合理安排城市走廊与巨型绿野,实现保护与发展的平衡。     

秦巴山脉绿色城乡人居环境发展研究

秦巴山脉横跨南北地理空间,是我国的中央水库和国家绿肺。由于地形条件的约束,秦巴山脉逐渐成为我国经济发展的洼地和贫困多发地区,内部生态环境保护与社会经济发展诉求的冲突巨大。课题首先剖析了秦巴山脉地区面临着生态保护与城乡发展的布局冲突、绿色发展与城乡空间的建设脱节两方面的问题,进而提出"生态先导,绿色为本"的发展战略。在"生态先导"战略上,划定秦巴山脉地区的生态安全格局,从人口、产业和城乡空间分布方面实现"生态先导"的人居环境空间整合。在"绿色为本"的战略上,总结城乡布局模式、构建交通支撑系统和特色风貌体系,构建"绿色为本"的城乡人居环境模式。最终实现秦巴山脉城乡人居环境的绿色发展,为我国城乡人居环境营建提供借鉴。     

秦巴山脉区域河流自然风景价值保护初探

秦巴山脉区域是我国众多重要河流的发源地,与河流相关的自然生态与历史文化资源丰富,区域近年来开展了清理自然保护区内的小水电等恢复河流自然状态的行动,河流管理也正在从侧重开发利用向综合管理转型。本文论述了秦巴山脉区域河流具备的自然与风景价值,指出了秦巴山脉区域现有保护地体系在河流保护方面存在的不足,梳理了新形势下秦巴山脉区域河流综合管理的有利条件,并对秦巴山脉区域实施河流自然风景价值保护提出初步建议,包括:①调查秦巴山脉河流资源;②开展河流分类保护与修复;③建立河流保护地、完善管理机制与立法保障;④加强社区共建。     

生态环境约束下秦巴山脉区域工业绿色发展策略

秦巴山脉作为国家主体生态功能区和最大的扶贫攻坚区,生态保护任务艰巨,改善民生需求迫切。本文在分析秦巴山脉区域工业发展现状与存在问题的基础上,结合当地的资源环境优势,提出在生态环境约束条件下,该区域工业绿色发展和转型升级的总体思路、具体策略和保障措施,以期为未来秦巴山脉区域工业发展对策提供可供参考的思路与借鉴。     

卷首语

正秦巴山脉位于中国陆地版图的中央区域,是我国南北气候的分界线、中央水库、生态绿肺和生物基因库,是中华民族的重要发祥地和中华文明的摇篮。秦巴山脉地区也是我国面积最大、人口最多的集中连片特困地区,"生态高地与经济洼地"的矛盾突出。在"一带一路"和脱贫攻坚战略的背景下,强化秦巴山脉生态保护,推进绿色循环发展,对于全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦具有重大意义。中国工程院于2015年启动了"秦巴山脉绿色循环发展战略研究"重大咨询项目研究。项目组在各专业领域和省市地域研究的基础上,形成以下基本认识:一是秦巴山脉地区战略地     

秦巴山脉绿色循环发展战略

为推进秦巴山脉地区的绿色循环发展,中国工程院于2015年启动"秦巴山脉绿色循环发展研究"重大咨询项目。本文从秦巴山脉的范围界定、价值认知方面入手,以保护与发展中的问题为导向,探究创新发展的路径,提出了生态文明、区域协调和特色扶贫三大战略重点,并从制定专项规划、建立协调机制和加大政策扶持等层面提出措施和建议。     

秦巴山脉绿色循环发展战略研究（二期）

秦巴山脉区域作为我国生态安全要地和集中连片贫困区,其绿色循环发展对于我国生态文明建设和全面脱贫具有重大意义。本文围绕探究秦巴山脉区域绿色循环发展路径、为绿色创新发展和扶贫攻坚提供工程支撑的战略目标,采用归纳演绎法对区域的生态与战略价值、保护与协同存在的问题进行剖析,据此明晰区域的绿色循环发展思路和总体定位;研究提出基于国家公园的生态保护路径、基于转型优化的产业发展路径、基于生态承载力的空间建设路径、基于内外共赢的区域协同路径等四大类具体举措。期望通过秦巴山脉区域绿色循环发展的生动实践,使之成为解决区域生态与贫困矛盾问题、维护国家多维度社会及生态安全的重大范例。     

秦巴山脉区域生态系统服务重要性评价及生态安全格局构建

秦巴山脉地区生态系统的生态安全格局对维护我国中部地区生态系统结构健康、控制生态过程起着关键性的作用,构建合理的生态安全格局是保障该地区生态安全的有效措施。本研究在对秦巴山脉地区水源涵养、物种多样性、生态固碳和土壤保持服务功能重要性评估的基础上,根据这四项生态服务功能在生态资产价值中所占比重赋予权重,结合生态系统敏感性分析结果,采用景观生态的源汇理论,利用热点分析工具识别秦巴山脉地区生态源地。运用最小累积阻力模型识别潜在生态廊道,在此基础上结合区域内河流水系、关键物种分布特征、自然保护区分布等要素形成带状生态廊道和踏脚石生态廊道;最终形成由6大重要生态斑块、10条河流廊道、2条生物通道,以及26处踏脚石廊道组成的秦巴山脉地区生态安全格局。基于生态系统服务功能重要性的生态安全格局构建,是在生态服务现状基础上提出的规划策略,可为秦巴山脉地区国家公园规划布局,区域生态保护规划和生态文明建设提供重要依据。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.