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采用常压干燥法制备了SiO2气凝胶,所得气凝胶为介孔结构,比表面积618.8m2/g,孔径分布5~20nm.以SiO2气凝胶为原料,通过静电吸附法制备了SiO2气凝胶/壳聚糖复合药物载体材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)等对复合材料的结构形貌进行了分析,研究了复合材料对硫酸庆大霉素药物的担载和释放性能.结果表明,所得SiO2气凝胶/壳聚糖复合材料为多孔网络结构,其中,由450℃处理的SiO2气凝胶制得的气凝胶/壳聚糖复合材料对硫酸庆大霉素具有较好的药物担载和缓释性能. 相似文献
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本文以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,通过酸碱两步溶胶-凝胶法,常压干燥制备疏水性SiO2气凝胶。研究了两种改性剂(三甲基氯硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷)对二氧化硅气凝胶结构和性能的影响。对制备的气凝胶样品进行表面微观形态分析、热重差热分析、傅里叶红外分析以及比表面积分析。结果表明,通过改性制备的样品具有较好的性能,使用六甲基二硅氮烷改性得到的SiO2气凝胶密度为0.204g/cm3,接触角为128°,BET比表面积为973m2/g,平均孔径7.57nm;使用三甲基氯硅烷改性得到的SiO2气凝胶密度为0.115g/cm3,疏水性优良,接触角为158°,BET比表面积为1067m2/g,平均孔径13.40nm。综合考虑各种因素,采用TMCS进行改性制备得到的SiO2气凝胶综合性能更加优异。 相似文献
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常压干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶的影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
常压干燥制备SiO2气凝胶是近年来该领域的研究重点,工艺条件的优化是提高气凝胶性能的关键。以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,甲基三乙氧基硅烷为共前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法,结合老化和三甲基氯硅烷-正己烷-无水乙醇混合溶液的二次表面改性,通过常压干燥工艺制备疏水SiO2气凝胶。利用BET,FT-IR,SEM,TEM和接触角测试等手段对气凝胶进行表征,系统研究水解时间、老化时间、老化温度和改性剂用量对气凝胶性质的影响。结果表明:水解16h,凝胶于55℃下老化48h后,在三甲基氯硅烷与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为1.56的混合液下改性48h制备的SiO2气凝胶的性能最好,其孔隙率92%,比表面积969m2/g,接触角达157°。 相似文献
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为拓展SiO2气凝胶的应用范围和效率,弥补SiO2气凝胶微球制备技术中的不足,以水玻璃为硅源采用液滴成球工艺在单一油相中制备了直径为毫米级别的SiO2气凝胶微球,并研究了微球原始粒径和干燥工艺对其线性收缩率的影响,结果表明微球收缩率随原始粒径的减小而降低,干燥工艺不同收缩率也有差异.经三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)表面改性后再超临界干燥的样品收缩率最小,射线衍射(XRD)和孔隙度分析仪对其测试表明为无定型结构,所有孔径均<80nm,平均孔径为5.5nm,比表面积为181m2/g. 相似文献
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常压干燥制备疏水性SiO_2气凝胶 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,盐酸和氨水作为催化剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2醇凝胶,再利用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)和正己烷(Hexane)对醇凝胶进行表面改性,最后在常压条件下干燥后制备了疏水性SiO2气凝胶。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测试(BET)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR)等测试方法对所得样品的形貌、结构及化学组成等进行了分析。结果表明,所得SiO2气凝胶比表面积可达900m2/g以上,密度200kg/m3,并且具有优异的疏水性。 相似文献
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为了实现粉煤灰回收利用的新途径,研究了一种利用粉煤灰为硅源常压干燥合成SiO2气凝胶的工艺.通过正交实验研究粉煤灰与氢氧化钠反应生成水玻璃的最佳工艺条件;所得水玻璃溶液通过硫酸催化或树脂交换碱催化法获得水凝胶,利用三甲基氯硅烷/乙醇/正己烷对水凝胶进行改性处理,在常压干燥下制备了SiO2气凝胶.利用BET、SEM和FTIR对气凝胶的微观结构及性质进行了研究,结果表明,所得气凝胶的比表面积为362.2~907.9m2/g、孔体积为0.738~4.875cm3/g、平均孔径为7.69~24.09nm,其中树脂交换碱催化法所得气凝胶的比表面积可达907.9m2/g,孔体积达4.875cm3/g. 相似文献
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为了在常压干燥下制备高比表面积且具有多级孔道结构的SiO2/TiO2复合气凝胶,以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯为原料,利用低聚体聚合将分相平行引入到溶胶凝胶过程中,获得SiO2/TiO2醇凝胶,并通过溶剂替换技术实现气凝胶的常压干燥制备.不同硅钛比气凝胶的内部结构研究表明:合成的气凝胶是由纳米SiO2和TiO2颗粒分散复合而成的介孔块体,其中Ti—O—Ti、Si—O—Si和Ti—O—Si键相互交织.气凝胶的结构变化是分相与溶胶凝胶过程相互竞争的结果.Si含量能显著改善气凝胶的结构,当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为3∶1时,比表面积高达712.2 m2/g,平均孔径为3.36 nm;当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为1.5∶1时,复合气凝胶具有明显双连续孔道,比表面积高,同时孔状结构清晰. 相似文献
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Gui-Mei Gao Li-Na Miao Gui-Juan Ji Hai-Feng Zou Shu-Cai Gan 《Materials Letters》2009,63(30):2721-2724
The silica aerogels were successfully synthesized using oil shale ash which is a by-product of oil shale processing via ambient pressure drying. The physical and textural properties of the silica aerogels have been investigated and discussed. The results showed that the organic modification of hydrogels was a crucial step during the processing which preserved mesopores in ambient pressure drying. The unmodified hydrogel underwent tremendous shrinkage during the drying and yielded microporous silica aerogel. Using this novel route, it could produce silica aerogel with low tapping density of 0.074 g/cm3, high specific surface (909 m2/g) and cumulative pore volume of 2.54 cm3/g. From the industrial point of view, the present process is quite suitable for a large scale production of powdered silica aerogel. Furthermore, it provides a new way to solve the problem of oil shale ash pollution. 相似文献
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采用化学交联、溶胶-凝胶和表面改性的方法,制得疏水性聚酰亚胺(PI)增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料。以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4’,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为聚合单体,3-氨丙基-三己氧基硅烷(APTES)为封端剂,合成APTES封端的聚酰亚胺,与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)混合形成前驱体。采用酸碱两步催化凝胶、湿凝胶依次进行表面疏水改性、溶液置换及CO2超临界干燥,得到聚酰亚胺增强SiO2气凝胶复合材料样品。利用FTIR、SEM、比表面积测试仪、万能材料试验机、接触角分析仪等表征样品的化学组成、微观形貌、孔结构、力学性能及疏水性能等。结果表明:PI质量分数为6wt%的样品密度为0.124 g/cm3,比表面积为724 m2/g,平均孔径尺寸为14 nm,接触角为134°,抗压强度为0.295 MPa。20wt%含量的PI增强SiO2气凝胶样品抗压强度为0.556 MPa。 相似文献
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亚临界干燥制备疏水SiO2气凝胶 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
以E-40(多聚硅氧烷)为硅源,三甲基氯硅烷的异丁醇溶液为干燥介质,用溶胶凝胶法,在亚临界条件下制备出疏水的SiO2气凝胶,通过SEM,孔径分布,比表面积,接触角以及红外光谱的测试对其物性进行了研究,结果表明,所制备的SiO2气凝胶具有典型的纳米网络结构,比表面大具具有疏水性能,亚临界干燥使得制备压力从6.4MPa降低到2.3MPa,降低了制备成本和风险,同时疏水性能提高了SiO2气凝胶环境适应性,从而十分有利于气凝胶的商业应用。 相似文献
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常压干燥法制备TiO2气凝胶 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以钛酸丁酯为原料, 以甲酰胺为干燥控制化学添加剂控制凝胶网络结构, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO2醇凝胶; 结合正硅酸乙酯母液浸泡和低表面张力溶剂替换及常压干燥等后处理步骤, 实现了TiO2气凝胶的常压干燥法制备. 采用XRD、BET、TEM、SEM、EDS及FT-IR等测试手段对样品进行表征. 结果表明:所制备的TiO2气凝胶为无定形结构, 表观密度为0.375g/cm3, 比表面积达523m2/g, 平均孔径约9.9nm; 经850℃空气气氛下煅烧4h后, TiO2气凝胶转变为锐钛矿型结构, 平均孔径增大到16.3nm, 比表面积仍达208m2/g. 本研究提出的制备方法简单, 所制备的气凝胶比表面积高、热稳定好. 相似文献
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Synthesis and characterization of silica aerogels by a novel fast ambient pressure drying process 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Using cheap waterglass as silica source, silica aerogels were synthesized via a novel fast ambient drying by using an ethanol/trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)/Heptane solution for modification of the wet gel. One-step solvent exchange and surface modification were simultaneously progressed by immersing the hydrogel in EtOH/TMCS/Heptane solution, in which TMCS reacting with pore water and Si–OH group on the surface of the gel, with ethanol and heptane helping to decrease the rate of TMCS reacting with pore water and extrude water from gel pores. The synthesized silica aerogel was a light and crack-free solid, with the density of 0.128–0.136 g/cm3 and 93.8–94.2% porosity. The microstructure, morphology and properties of the aerogels were studied by FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET measurement. The results indicate that silica aerogels exhibit a sponge structure with uniform nano-particle and pores size distribution. The specific surface areas of silica aerogels are 559–618 m2/g. And there is an obvious Si–CH3 group on the surface of the silica aerogel. 相似文献
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疏水改性对SiO2气凝胶薄膜性能与结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2气凝胶薄膜,并以不同体积分数的六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDZ)对SiO2气凝胶薄膜进行了疏水改性研究,采用椭偏仪、FITR、接触角测试仪、SEM和光谱仪等对薄膜的疏水性、微观结构及透光性进行了表征,研究了HMDZ疏水改性对SiO2气凝胶薄膜性能与结构的影响。结果表明,疏水改性后,SiO2胶粒表面的大部分亲水性-OH被疏水基团-CH3所取代,其与水的接触角达159°,疏水性好;SiO2气凝胶薄膜在可见光范围内透光率接近90%,透光性高;其孔隙率为78.8%,密度为0.464g/cm3,骨架颗粒尺寸小于40nm,具有纳米多孔网络结构特性。 相似文献
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Dylan J. Boday Robert J. Stover Beatrice Muriithi Douglas A. Loy 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(19):6371-6377
Nanocomposite aerogels were prepared by chemical vapor deposition and polymerization of cyanoacrylate on the surface of bridged
polysilsesquioxane aerogels. Phenylene- and hexylene-bridged aerogels were prepared by sol–gel polymerizations and supercritical
carbon dioxide drying. Hydrophobic organic bridging groups in the polysilsesquioxane aerogels reduced the amount of adsorbed
water available for initiating polymerizations and led to higher molecular weight polycyanoacrylate than was observed with
silica aerogels. Densities increased as much as 65% due to the addition of the organic polymer, but the nanocomposite aerogels
remained highly porous with surface areas between 440 and 750 m2/g. Polycyanoacrylate–phenylene-bridged aerogel composites were the strongest with flexural strengths up to 780 kPa or 16-fold
stronger than the untreated phenylene-bridged aerogels and fivefold stronger than a silica aerogel of the same density. The
strongest polycyanoacrylate–hexylene-bridged aerogel composites had flexural strength of 285 kPa or ninefold stronger than
the untreated hexylene-bridged aerogels and twice as strong as a silica aerogel of comparable density. The greater strength
of the new composites is, in part, due to the greater strength of the bridged aerogels. However, higher molecular weight polycyanoacrylate,
due to less surface water on the hydrophobic bridged aerogels, also contributes to the greater nanocomposite strengths. 相似文献
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Lu W Steigerwalt ES Moore JT Sullivan LM Collins WE Lukehart CM 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2004,4(7):803-808
Carbon nanofiber/silica aerogel composites are prepared by sol-gel processing of surface-enhanced herringbone graphitic carbon nanofibers (GCNF) and Si(OMe)4, followed by supercritical CO2 drying. Heating the resulting GCNF/silica aerogel composites to 1650 degrees C under a partial pressure of Ar gas initiates carbothermal reaction between the silica aerogel matrix and the carbon nanofiber component to form SiC/silica nanocomposites. The SiC phase is present as nearly spherical nanoparticles, having an average diameter of ca. 8 nm. Formation of SiC is confirmed by powder XRD and by Raman spectroscopy. 相似文献