喷嘴长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器性能的影响

为提高喷射器的引射性能,利用Fluent软件对喷射器的内部流场进行数值模拟,研究了喷嘴轴向长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器引射性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴扩散角对喷射器的引射性能影响很小;当喷嘴收缩段长度为喷嘴喉部直径的6倍,喷嘴出口位置为混合室圆柱段直径的1.8倍时,喷射器的引射性能最佳。研究结果可以为喷射器的结构参数优化提供参考。     

两相喷射器喷嘴距的优化设计及CFD分析

结合湍流射流发展规律,本文提出一个两相喷射器喷嘴距的设计方法:在给定引射流量下,当射流外边界的半径增长至混合段半径时,射流行进的距离为最优喷嘴距.利用数值模拟对比喷嘴距分别为3、5、7.5、10、15 mm时两相CO2喷射器性能.结果表明:喷嘴距为5 mm时射流发展正好符合上述设计条件,此时喷射器升压性能最优,为0.6...     

喷嘴长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器性能的影响北大核心CSCD

为提高喷射器的引射性能,利用Fluent软件对喷射器的内部流场进行数值模拟,研究了喷嘴轴向长度和喷嘴出口位置对喷射器引射性能的影响规律。结果表明:喷嘴扩散角对喷射器的引射性能影响很小;当喷嘴收缩段长度为喷嘴喉部直径的6倍,喷嘴出口位置为混合室圆柱段直径的1.8倍时,喷射器的引射性能最佳。研究结果可以为喷射器的结构参数优化提供参考。     

低温多效海水淡化用蒸汽喷射器的优化设计

提高蒸汽喷射器性能,能够降低低温多效海水淡化系统能耗,采用理论推导和数值模拟相结合的方法对喷射器性能进行研究。在喷射器索科洛夫设计方法的基础上,修正了喷射器最大可达喷射系数的计算模型。利用改进的喷射器设计模型对某低温多效海水淡化用蒸汽喷射器进行优化设计,喷射系数达到1.35,优于原方法计算结果 0.96。并对喷射器几何模型进行CFD数值模拟验证,结果表明喷射器的可达喷射系数及结构尺寸处于最优值,验证了改进的喷射器设计模型的可靠性。     

负压钻井液振动筛上固相颗粒运移规律研究

钻井液振动筛是石油钻井固控系统的关键设备,用于钻井液中有害固相颗粒的清除和钻井液的回收,对节约资源和保护环境具有重要意义。随着石油工业的发展,要求钻井液振动筛提高处理量,因此提出了一种新型负压钻井液振动筛。负压钻井液振动筛与传统钻井液振动筛的区别在于前者利用振动筛分和真空过滤的联合作用来提高振动筛的处理量。为了更深入了解负压振动筛的性能,基于传统钻井液振动筛上的单颗粒模型,用力学观点详细讨论了固相颗粒在负压振动筛上的运移规律,比较了不同参数下固相颗粒在2种振动筛上的运动情况,并分析了负压系统的应用对振动筛结构参数的影响。结果表明负压振动筛上固相颗粒的运移速度小于传统振动筛上固相颗粒的运移速度,这更有利于固液分离;负压系统的应用对振动筛结构参数的影响较小,可直接将传统振动筛改造为负压振动筛。研究结果为负压振动筛的设计和现场使用提供了理论依据。     

基于CFD的新型喷射式制冷系统喷射器的优化研究

介绍了以R134a为制冷工质的一种新型的太阳能喷射式制冷系统,通过CFD模拟喷射器来优化其结构参数。分析了系统运行参数以及喷射器结构参数对喷射制冷系统性能的影响。结果显示,蒸发温度为5℃,冷凝温度为36℃时,喷射器的喷嘴距0mm的喷射器性能最好,喷射系数能达0.32,系统COP达0.36。     

液环泵喷射器性能的数值模拟研究及实验验证

本文应用CFX软件及k-ε湍流模型,实现了液环真空泵喷射器三维动传热的数值模拟.并分析喷射器内流场的压力分布、马赫数分布和温度分布,了解其内部的复杂流动,利用仿真结果计算出液环真空泵喷射器在不同压力下引射气体流量的变化,并与实验曲线进行对比验证,为优化喷射器结构,实现喷射器与液环真空泵的最佳匹配提供依据.     

几何结构对喷射器性能影响的CFD分析及实验研究

通过采用CFD模拟,并结合实验,考察了以R236fa为工作流体的喷射器性能。研究了喷射器结构对其性能的影响。模拟所需的喷射器几何结构简化为三维中心对称结构,计算选用Shear Stress Transport(SST)模型。经研究表明:在给定工作参数条件下,喷嘴出口端长度D1以及喷射器喷嘴出口与混合段出口之间距离D2均存在一个最佳值,此时喷射系数达到最大;而喷射器性能随其扩散室出口角度α的增加而降低。     

几何结构参数对喷射器性能影响实验研究

在自行搭建的喷射器性能测试实验台上,以CO_2、N_2及R290为工质,通过改变喷射器喷嘴临界截面直径,总结喷射器喷射系数在不同的引射流体入口压力、工作流体入口压力及工质种类条件下的变化规律。实验设定工作流体温度为90℃,喷射器背压为3. 9 MPa,工作流体入口压力变化范围为8. 0—10. 0 MPa,引射流体入口压力变化范围为2. 4—2. 9 MPa,喷嘴临界截面直径变化范围为0. 68—0. 72 mm。实验结果表明:当保持喷射器的基本工作参数不变,引射流体入口压力为一定值时,喷射器喷射系数随喷嘴临界截面直径的减小而逐渐增大;当保持喷射器的基本工作参数不变,工作流体入口压力为一定值时,喷射器喷射系数随喷嘴临界截面直径的增大而逐渐减小;在相同工作压力下,喷射系数大小依次是N_2、CO_2、R290;在相同引射压力下,N_2、CO_2先达到稳定状态;在保持喷射器的基本工作参数不变时,工作流体入口压力及引射流体入口压力的提高对喷射器喷射系数均有提升作用。     

水下超声速气体射流的初始流动特性研究

为研究水下发射过程中高温高压火药燃气喷射进入液相水过程的流体形态变化与流动特性,采用Mixture多相流模型与蒸发与凝结模型建立了二维轴对称水下超声速气体射流的数值计算模型并进行了相关的数值模拟,得到水下超声速气体射流的初始流动结构。数值结果表明,超声速气体与水介质的强撞击会在气液界面上形成一个强压缩区,且连续撞击形成的压力波反传,使喷管出口射流核心区流场出现周期性脉动。因气液界面上的强剪切作用,而在气液混合区内形成复杂的小激波结构,小激波结构的出现加速了气液界面的失稳,从而促进了气液掺混效应。另外,在气泡内会形成典型的欠膨胀射流结构,因而气泡内的流动特征与单相超声速气体射流情况类似。     

Experimental study on key geometric parameters of an R134A ejector cooling system

Ejector geometric parameters largely depend on condensation pressure of working fluids. The area ratio of the ejector is much smaller than that of ejector cooling systems using lower condensation pressure working fluids when R134A is used as working fluid. Consequently, it deserves to study other key geometric parameters when using this working fluid. In this paper, the ejector cooling system with R134A was established first. Next, the influence of three geometric parameters such as nozzle exit position, the length of constant-area section and diverging angle of primary nozzle on the ejector performances was investigated via experimental methods. The results showed that the influence of nozzle exit position on ejector performance is evident as compared to the other two. Moreover, optimal geometric parameters and dimensionless parameters between them were obtained and compared to those of lower condensation pressure systems. This provided simple but practical ejector design guidelines for real engineering applications.     

喷射器极限工况特性实验研究

喷射器作为热驱动喷射式制冷系统的核心部件,其性能会影响整个制冷系统的运行效率。极限工况是指喷射器从可以工作状态到不能工作状态的极端工况,对该工况下喷射器的特性研究具有重要意义。本文自行设计并搭建了以R134a为制冷剂的喷射式制冷系统极限工况的实验装置,分别对引射流体质量流量为零的极限工况下不同喷射器工作流体压力及喷射器出口背压对缩放喷嘴出口背压的影响规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:极限工况下,喷嘴出口背压同时受工作流体压力和喷射器出口背压的影响,随工作流体压力升高而降低,随喷射器出口背压升高而升高。同时,得到该喷射器在工作流体压力为1.5~3.2MPa,且喷射器出口背压在0.66~0.96 MPa范围内的最低引射流体压力,为工程应用提供参考。     

A dislocation and point force approach to the boundary element method for mixed mode crack analysis of plane anisotropic solids

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of enhancing steam‐driven ejector performance. Initially, a one‐dimensional ejector theory is used to examine the effects on ejector performance of three isentropic efficiencies: nozzle efficiency η_m , mixing efficiency η_m, and diffuser efficiency η_m . Theoretical analysis demonstrates that mixing efficiency profoundly affects ejector performance, but that the other two efficiencies have slightly influenced ejector performance. This finding suggests that efficient mixing can promote ejector performance. This study also attempts to improve mixing efficiency using a petal nozzle. The behavior and characteristics of a petal nozzle are investigated by testing the nozzle under various operating conditions, i.e. primary pressure, secondary pressure, and back pressure. In addition, the study compares the experimental and theoretical results. These results prove that using a petal nozzle can improve ejector performance. The shadowgraph method was used to visualize the inner flow field of an ejector. The flow patterns observed should help to further improve ejector performance.     

蒸汽喷射泵超音速流体三维模拟研究

利用大型流体力学软件FLUENT，对不同结构尺寸和边界条件的蒸汽喷射泵喷嘴内超音速流场进行了3D模拟。探讨了流场内压力和速度的相互作用及其分布规律；讨论了热力学参数和几何参数对流场特性的影响规律；并分析了喷嘴内影响喷射器性能的激波产生的因素。基本上与Dayton和石井博的研究结果一致。     

Numerical study on optimization of ejector primary nozzle geometries

In an ejector refrigeration system (ERS), ejector acts as a compressor but without using any moving parts. To some extent, ejector performances are subjected to primary nozzle's geometries with the action of shock waves. In this paper, CFD simulation was conducted to improve the ejector performance by varying the following ejector primary nozzle's geometries and surface roughness: two angles of convergent and divergent portion, three lengths and surface roughness of throat, convergent and divergent portion. The CFD model was validated with the test results of an ERS experimental rig with working fluid of R134a. The optimum geometric parameters and surface roughness of the primary nozzle were obtained with the CFD analysis. The simulation results revealed that the throat and divergent portion of the primary nozzle should be paid more attention when designing ejector since the entrainment ratio of the ejector is rather sensitive to the length and surface roughness of these two portions.     

Experimental results with a variable geometry ejector using R600a as working fluid

Experimental results with the first laboratory scale variable geometry ejector (VGE) using isobutane (R600a) are presented. Two geometrical factors, the area ratio and the nozzle exit position, can be actively controlled. The control of the area ratio is achieved by a movable spindle installed in the primary nozzle. The influence of the spindle position (SP) and condenser pressure on ejector performance are studied. The results indicate very good ejector performance for a generator and evaporator temperature of 83 °C and 9 °C, respectively. COP varied between 0.4 and 0.8, depending on operating conditions. The existence of an optimal SP, depending on the back pressure, is identified. A comparison of the benefit of applying the variable geometry design over a fixed geometry configuration is assessed. For example, for a condenser pressure of 3 bar, an 80% increase in the COP was obtained when compared to the performance of a fixed geometry ejector.     

Numerical assessment of steam ejector efficiencies using CFD

Ejector efficiencies for the primary nozzle, suction, mixing and diffuser were determined for the first time, according to their definitions, using an axi-symmetric CFD model. Water was considered as working fluid and the operating conditions were selected in a range that would be suitable for an air-conditioner powered by solar thermal energy. Ejector performance was estimated for different nozzle throat to constant section area ratios. The results indicated the existence of an optimal ratio, depending on operating conditions. Ejector efficiencies were calculated for different operating conditions. It was found that while nozzle efficiency can be considered as constant, the efficiencies related to the suction, mixing and diffuser sections of the ejector depend on operating conditions.     

Performance optimization of a transcritical CO2 refrigeration system using a controlled ejector

An on-line optimal quasi cascade controller for an ejector with variable nozzle throat area is proposed to improve the operating performance of the transcritical CO₂ ejector refrigeration system. The optimal gas cooler pressure is tracked in real time by the controller including a tracker and a predictor. Using the system dynamic model, the dynamic responses of the system performance and ejector efficiency under variable nozzle throat area are first analyzed. Then the parameters of the tracker and predictor are determined by simulation respectively which exhibits a good dynamic characteristic with an acceptable settling time. Besides, the controller presents a good robustness under variable compressor speeds and mass flow rate of cooling water. Furthermore, the system performance is actually increased to the maximal value by the controller even at the variable operating conditions. Finally, the optimal controller is verified by experiments to be an effective way to improve the system performance automatically.     

跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能实验研究

对跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统性能进行了实验,分析了工况及引射器几何参数对系统性能的影响,结果表明:在实验工况范围内,跨临界CO2两相流引射制冷系统制冷量和COP随气体冷却器压力的升高而升高,随气体冷却器出口温度的升高而降低。对于使用不同喉部直径喷嘴的系统,在相同工况下,引射器喷嘴喉部直径较大的系统的性能较好。对于使用不同直径混合室的系统,随着气体冷却器压力的升高,使用小直径混合室的系统COP变化较大;当气体冷却器压力较低时,使用大直径混合室的系统COP较高,而当气体冷却器压力较高时,使用小混合室直径的系统性能较好。在相同工况下,与传统跨临界CO2循环进行比较,两相流引射制冷循环系统COP最大可提高14%。