玻璃纤维增强体形式对酚醛泡沫性能的影响

针对酚醛泡沫脆性大、强度低等缺点,采用3种不同增强形式的玻璃纤维增强体,即短切玻璃纤维(SGF)、酚醛树脂浸渍固化的玻璃纤维针(GFN)及三维间隔连体织物,对酚醛泡沫进行增强.研究了纤维含量和纤维长度对酚醛泡沫压缩性能的影响规律,对比了不同增强形式纤维增强酚醛泡沫复合材料的压缩性能与保温性能.结果表明:当SGF长度为3 mm,与基体质量比为5%时,SGF增强酚醛泡沫的比压缩强度最佳,较纯泡沫的提高了21%;GFN(长度5 mm,与基体质量比为25%)增强酚醛泡沫的比强度提高8%;三维间隔连体织物增强酚醛泡沫的比强度虽略有下降,但其压缩强度(0.239 MPa)达到了承重类酚醛泡沫的要求.SGF和GFN增强的酚醛泡沫的热导率与纯酚醛泡沫的相比略有上升,但仍符合高效保温材料的要求;三维间隔连体织物增强酚醛泡沫的热导率上升明显.     

Z 向增强泡沫夹芯复合材料冲击损伤及冲击后压缩性能

基于热压罐成型工艺, 选择了树脂柱Z向增强泡沫芯材、碳纤维Z向增强泡沫芯材、Kevlar纤维缝纫增强泡沫芯材3种Z向增强复合材料结构, 对夹芯结构进行了低速冲击损伤和冲击后压缩(CAI)性能研究, 考察了不同Z向增强方式对冲击损伤面积和破坏模式的影响。结果表明, Z向增强对泡沫芯材产生了初始损伤, 其冲击后损伤面积大于未增强泡沫夹芯结构; 但Z向增强改变了夹芯结构的压缩破坏机制。通过选用合适的Z向增强材料和Z向增强参数, 能够提高夹芯结构的压缩强度和CAI强度。其中当增强材料为碳纤维, 增强参数为10 mm×10 mm时, 压缩强度提高了13%, CAI强度提高超过40%。     

考虑纤维随机分布的复合材料热残余应力分析及其对横向力学性能的影响

建立了考虑纤维随机分布并包含界面的复合材料微观力学数值模型,模拟玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料固化过程中的热残余应力。通过与纤维周期性分布模型的计算结果进行对比,发现纤维分布形式会对复合材料的热残余应力产生重要影响,纤维随机分布情况下的最大热残余应力明显大于纤维周期性分布的情况下。研究了含热残余应力的复合材料在横向拉伸与压缩载荷下的损伤和破坏过程,结果表明:热残余应力的存在显著影响了复合材料的损伤起始位置和扩展路径,削弱了复合材料的横向拉伸和压缩强度。在横向拉伸载荷下,考虑热残余应力后,复合材料的强度有所下降,断裂应变显著降低;在横向压缩载荷下,考虑热残余应力后,复合材料的强度略有下降,但失效应变基本保持不变。由于热残余应力的影响,复合材料的横向拉伸和压缩强度分别下降了10.5%和5.2%。      

短纤维混杂增强PP复合泡沫材料的力学性能

将助剂预混与二次挤出工艺相结合制备含短纤维预发泡粒料, 并用型内二次发泡工艺制备了短炭纤维(SCF)、 短玻璃纤维(SGF)混杂增强聚丙烯(PP)复合泡沫材料。研究了在纤维总质量分数不变时, SCF与SGF的相对含量、 增强纤维与PP的界面性能及泡沫体的表观密度对PP复合泡沫材料的发泡效果和力学性能的影响。结果表明: SGF和SCF的同时加入能够改善PP的高温熔体强度, 获得孔径较小且均一的类球形的闭孔PP泡沫体。SGF和SCF混杂增强提高了PP复合泡沫材料的强度和模量, 且增强效果高于单一纤维, 当纤维总质量分数为15%, 且SGF ∶SCF为1 ∶1时(质量比), PP复合泡沫材料的抗弯强度和抗压强度最高, 而SGF ∶SCF为3 ∶1时, PP泡沫复合材料的冲击韧性和压缩模量达到最大值 。泡沫体的表观密度对PP复合泡沫材料的冲击韧性和抗压强度影响显著, 当表观密度从0.32g/cm3增至0.45g/cm3时, 冲击韧性和抗压强度分别从4.29kJ/m2和6.57MPa 提高到17.87kJ/m2和20.57MPa。      

玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的单轴拉伸及准静态压缩性能

为研究玄武岩纤维增强泡沫混凝土的力学性能,共设计了52组试件,讨论了玄武岩纤维体积掺量和纤维长度对各密度试件的拉伸和压缩性能的影响。结果表明：玄武岩纤维可显著提高试件的抗拉峰值应力(最大提升达到737%)和峰值应变(最大提升达到833%),可有效改善中高密度试件的受拉失效模式,使其出现伪应变硬化现象,提升了试件的抗拉承载能力和变形能力。试件抗拉峰值应力和峰值应变随纤维体积掺量增大而增大,随纤维长度增长先增大后降低;另一方面,玄武岩纤维能改变试件的受压破坏模式,使其从纵向劈裂破坏转变为斜向剪切破坏和横向压溃破坏,显著提高了中低密度试件的抗压承载力和吸能能力(最大提升达到328%)。试件的吸能能力随纤维体积掺量增大而增强,随纤维长度增长先提升后降低。     

空心玻璃微珠-氧化石墨烯协同增强聚氨酯泡沫的制备与压缩性能

为提高粒子增强体对聚氨酯泡沫的增强效率,将空心玻璃微珠及氧化石墨烯分别进行表面改性,并反应制备成协同增强体。该增强体可以借助空心玻璃微珠良好的分散性,带动表面接枝氧化石墨烯在机械搅拌下实现有效分散。实验表明,协同增强体中空心玻璃微珠与氧化石墨烯的比例满足阈值要求时,其对聚氨酯泡沫的压缩性能明显提升。其中,空心玻璃微珠与氧化石墨烯质量比为30∶1的协同增强体添加量为9.3份时,压缩性能提升最佳,压缩强度较未增强泡沫提高了30.5%,压缩模量提高了23.77%,优于单一增强体的增强效果。     

基于NCF技术的RTM成型复合材料T型接头高效制造与验证

选用多层非屈曲经编织物(NCF)作为增强体, 提高了预成型体的铺覆效率及准确性, 同时根据T型接头的结构特点将其组合成工字梁形式并依此设计成型模具, 采用树脂传递模塑(RTM)成型工艺实现了复合材料T型接头的高效制造, 并对其拉伸和压缩力学性能进行了试验研究。结果表明: T型接头拉伸破坏由孔边蒙皮纤维拉断和腹板分层拉脱造成; 而压缩破坏则由腹板翻边分层屈曲和接头中部蒙皮纤维压断造成; T接头拉伸破坏载荷高于其压缩的破坏载荷。     

Z-pin增强陶瓷基复合材料拉伸和层间剪切性能

研究了Z-pin横向增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料的拉伸和层间剪切性能。炭纤维平纹编织物和炭纤维Z-pin制备的预成型体, 通过化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制成Z-pin增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料。通过单轴拉伸试验及加-卸载试验研究材料拉伸力学性能参数及破坏规律。采用双切口压缩试验测试材料的层间剪切强度。结果表明, Z-pin增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线具有非线性特性; Z-pin嵌入降低了平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料的拉伸强度, 显著提高了陶瓷基复合材料层间剪切强度, 使原来单纯层间基体与织物表面的脱离转变为Z-pin的剪切破坏和层间基体与织物的脱离双重破坏机理。     

纤维与颗粒混杂增强聚氨酯硬泡塑料的制备及显微形貌

采用尼龙66纤维及SiO2颗粒粉末作为增强剂制备了混杂增强聚氨酯硬泡塑料,这种混杂增强硬泡塑料的力学性能包括拉伸强度．压缩强度,冲击强度都有明显提高。研究表明,为达到增强效果增强剂必须以偶联剂预处理。当尼龙66纤维的含量为7％,SiO2的含量为20％时所得聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学性能增强最佳。SEM现察表明该硬泡塑料胞体平均大小为60um左右。从拉伸断口形貌可看出纤维受力痕迹明显．表明纤维本身的拉伸强度对于硬泡塑料的力学性能增强起了重要作用。     

RPU破坏及增强机理的细观分析

通过对合成的纯的和增强的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料（RPU）进行的细观分析,探讨了泡孔的破坏形式和增强相的作用,泡沫体的细胞行为表现为：泡壁的弯曲,压缩,拉伸到屈曲,碎裂和拉断,纤维的拔出等;短切玻璃纤维与玻璃微珠增强机理不一样,前者是对泡沫体增强;玻璃纤维的高强特性难以充分发挥,后者是对基体增强。     

玻璃纤维增强灌注型聚氨酯泡沫塑料的微观结构和增强机理

对玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫体的微观结构形态及增强效果进行了研究。结果表明，纤维在体系内呈单根纤维、小束纤维及大束纤维等多种形态分布。单丝及小丝束可以成为泡沫结构的共同支柱而起增强作用，在小束丝附近出现密集泡孔，发生少量树脂积聚。在大丝束周围发生严重的树脂沉积，影响体系内的树脂分布而不利于纤维的增强作用。     

Evaluation of fibre bridging stress of short fatigue cracks in SCS-6/Ti-15-3 composite

Single‐edge notched specimens of a unidirectional SiC long fibre reinforced titanium alloy, were fatigued under four point bending. The propagation behaviour of short fatigue cracks from a notch was observed on the basis of the effects of fibre bridging. The branched fatigue cracks were initiated from the notch root. The fatigue cracks propagated only in the matrix and without fibre breakage. The crack propagation rate decreased with crack extension due to the crack bridging by reinforced fibres. After fatigue testing the loading and residual stresses in the reinforced fibres were measured for the arrested cracks by the X‐ray diffraction method. The longitudinal stresses in the reinforced fibres were measured using high spatial resolution synchrotron radiation. A stress map around the fatigue cracks was then successfully constructed. The longitudinal stress decreased linearly with increasing distance from a location adjacent to the wake of the matrix crack. This region of decreasing stress corresponded to the debonding area between the fibre and the matrix. The interfacial frictional stress between the matrix and the fibre could be determined from the fibre stresses. The bridging stress on the crack wake was also measured as a function of a distance from a notch root. The threshold stress intensity factor range, corrected on the basis of the shielding stress, was similar to the propagation behaviour of the monolithic matrix. Hence the main factor influencing the shielding effect in composites is fibre bridging.     

混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料的物理及力学性能

研究纤维与颗粒混杂增强聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料的物理及力学性能,着重分析增强剂SiO₂颗粒和玻璃纤维含量以及纤维长度对其性能的影响。结果表明,SiO₂含量为20 wt％,玻璃纤维含量为7.8 wt％时,试样的拉伸强度达到最佳值。此外,还比较了玻璃纤维、尼龙66纤维和PAN基碳纤维的增强效果。结果表明,3 wt%~5 wt％含量碳纤维增强的聚氨酯复合硬泡塑料拉伸强度最佳。     

Suppression of crack growth in hybrid fibre composites

A theoretical analysis based on the assumed form of the strain field surrounding a crack bridged by reinforcing elements has been used to examine the growth of a crack propagating transversely to the fibres in hybrid fibre composites. An intermingled carbon fibre/glass fibre polymer matrix system has been considered. Two situations have been investigated. In the first of these the effect of the addition of carbon fibres on the development of cracks resulting from the failure of the glass fibres by stress corrosion has been studied. The analysis indicates that crack growth can be severely inhibited by a 5% volume fraction of type III carbon fibres. The analysis has been used also to investigate the process by which strong high failing strain glass fibres inhibit the growth of cracks caused by the fracture of localized clusters of low failing strain carbon fibres. The predictions of this analysis agree with existing experimental data on glass fibre/carbon fibre hybrids.     

An elastodynamic analysis of interacting inhomogeneities in advanced composites

This paper presents a theoretical treatment of the dynamic antiplane failure behaviour of fibre reinforced composites containing matrix cracks and reinforcing inhomogeneities. A newly developed pseudo-incident wave method was used to reduce the original interaction problem into the solution of coupled single microdefect subproblems. The steady-state theoretical solution of this class of problems is formulated using integral transform techniques and Fourier expansions. The dynamic stress intensity factors at the matrix crack are obtained and numerical examples are provided to show the effect of the frequency, geometry of microdefects and material properties upon the dynamic stress intensity factor of the matrix crack.     

The mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced Pyrex glass

The mechanical properties of carbon fibre reinforced Pyrex glass are discussed in terms of the volume fraction of fibre, the orientation of the fibres, fibre damage during fabrication, matrix porosity, matrix critical strain, interface properties and the mode of failure in bend tests. The stress at which matrix cracking occurs increases with fibre concentration indicating that the critical strain of the matrix increases as the fibre separation decreases. The ultimate strength of the composite is considerably greater than the stress at which the matrix begins to crack. Preliminary stress cycling experiments at stresses above that at which matrix cracks are formed suggest that propagation of these cracks is inhibited by the fibres.     

玻璃纤维对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料增强机理的探讨

研究了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的微观结构形态，通过实验探讨了玻璃纤维对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的增强作用，并分析了增强泡沫塑料的压缩破坏机理。     

Fibre reinforcement in heat-cured,microwave-cured and visible light-cured base resins

The mechanical properties at transverse deflection, bending and impact tests were examined in three fibre reinforced resins including reinforcing materials such as inorganic glass fibre and cloth, organic Kevlar fibre and combined fibres. Both heat-cured and microwave-cured reinforced materials had almost the similar pattern to the changes in the mechanical properties, as compared with those in visible light-cured reinforced resin. Their reinforcing materials increased modulus and impact energy by about two times as compared with the bases. The visible light-cured resin was, however, not effective as a base resin when reinforced with fibres tested here, indicating that the transverse deflection and modulus values in light-cured reinforced resin were similar to that in the plain base resin.     

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION AND CRACK CLOSURE BEHAVIOR IN POLYCARBONATE AND FIBRE REINFORCED POLYCARBONATE

Abstract— Fatigue crack propagation was investigated in polycarbonate and glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate and the effect of stress ratio and glass fibre content determined. The addition of glass fibre increases the tensile strength, but does not always contribute to an increase in fatigue crack propagation resistance. For polycarbonate the effect of stress ratio can be partly explained by using crack closure concepts as other researchers have suggested, but for glass fibre reinforced polycarbonate this was not possible. Fractography revealed a void growth process, which occurred by decohesion at the interface of the glass fibres and the base material, which was dependent on the maximum stress intensity factor. The process of linking the voids and the main crack growth behavior depended on the stress intensity factor range, Δ K. A proposed crack propagation model can explain the effect of stress ratio on crack propagation in fibre reinforced polycarbonate.     

Effects of Young's modulus of epoxy resin on axial compressive strength of carbon fibre

Using epoxy resins with various molecular weight between cross-linkings, attempts have been made to estimate the fibre axial compressive strength of pitch-based graphitized fibre, and the effect of Young's modulus of epoxy resins on compressive strength was investigated. The estimated compressive strength of fibre decreases with increasing temperature. This decrease in compressive strength may be accounted for by a decrease in the radial compressing force due to a decrease in the residual thermal stress. There is a linear relationship between the estimated compressive strength and radial compressive force in a temperature range from room temperature to 80 °C. The estimated compressive strength of the fibre increases with increasing Young's modulus of epoxy resins. In order to realize reinforcing fibres with a higher compressive strength, it will be necessary to use a resin matrix with a higher modulus.