193nm准分子激光器激光整形微透镜阵列压缩模塑成型工艺参数研究

为了实现193 nm准分子激光器激光整形及均匀化,制作一种微透镜阵列光学元件。本文采用L_93~3多因子正交方法进行实验,获得3因子3水平下压缩模塑成型的微透镜阵列。通过Taylor Hobson轮廓仪测量微透镜阵列形状误差,并采用极差分析方法分析模具温度、保压压力、冷却时间3种工艺参数对形状误差的影响程度,确定微透镜阵列光学元件的最优工艺参数组合。结果表明:当模具温度为230℃,保压压力为120 MPa,冷却时间为30 s时,微透镜的形状误差最好,值为0.5276μm,满足193 nm准分子激光器激光整形及均匀化对微透镜阵列形状误差小、精度高等要求。     

微透镜填充因子快速检测方法

本文提出了一种有效的微透镜阵列填充因子快速检测方法.文章从光的标量衍射理论出发,分析了连续浮雕微透镜阵列的衍射光斑分布与透镜子口径、透镜矢高之间的关系,推导出了微透镜阵列远场衍射光斑的理论模型,用该模型对不同填充因子的微透镜阵列为例进行计算机模拟分析,并且搭建了实验装置来获得实际的衍射光斑.结果表明,模拟光强分布与实际衍射光斑相当接近,在此基础上给出了微透镜衍射光斑分布与填充因子之间的半定量关系,为微透镜阵列的快速检测提供了一种有效手段.这种方法可以实现微透镜阵列的准确、简单、低成本的填充因子检测,极大地提高了生产效率,满足了实际测试的要求.     

垂直阵列DL巴间准直光束指向精度测量方法

简介了大功率二极管激光器垂直阵列巴条(Bar)间准直光束指向精度问题,及其对激光器垂直阵列输出光束的影响.采用单透镜远场探测系统对激光器垂直阵列远场光斑进行采集,搭建了实验测试装置.结合光斑强度质心算法对实验室封装的20巴条连续输出2 kw二极管激光器垂直阵列进行了测量,测试结果为巴间准直光束指向精度±1.7 mrad...     

新型激光投影显示照明系统设计

激光投影显示技术是显示技术近年来的发展趋势,本文设计了一种新的针对激光光源的照明系统,它由激光器阵列作为光源、改进的卡塞格林汇聚系统、光纤导光棒、激光散射器及4f中继系统组成。改进的卡塞格林汇聚系统收集激光器阵列发出的光能耦合进光纤,激光在光纤中传输,使光束混合均匀,激光散射器对光束匀光及整形,通过4f中继系统照射在0.61英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)LCOS芯片上,形成高效均匀的照明光束,光纤可弯曲可合束能实现超高亮度照明。用光学扩展量评价了系统的光能利用率。最后通过软件模拟,验证了方案的可行性。     

大数值孔径微透镜阵列激光扫描

提出微透镜阵列与转镜相结合的大口径激光光束扫描方法。采用机械制模法制作微透镜阵列模板 ,然后采用模压法制作光学微透镜阵列 ,其子口径为 2 mm× 2 mm,数值孔径为 0 .2 ,阵列数为 8× 8。并进行了扫描测试实验 ,扫描角达± 6.56°。     

基于非球面透镜组激光光束整形设计

本文针对激光显示领域激光光束光强均匀分布要求,本研究基于非球面透镜组激光光束进行整形设计。文中通过阐述激光光束光强均匀分布原理,着重论述了出射光束分布选择、线映射函数及球面参数确定3个非球面透镜组设计内容。在此基础上,选择匀化洛伦兹函数为输出光束的光强分布函数,展开实例设计分析,旨在基于该设计方法将入射光束准直的单模高斯激光光束整形为光强均匀分布的准直平顶激光光束。     

2 kW半导体激光焊接铝合金工艺研究

为实现半导体激光器对铝合金的焊接,将2 kW半导体激光器的光束进行整形,提高光束质量,光束亮度达到412.00 MW/cm~2.sterad,比整形前的光束亮度增加了7倍。然后采用整形的半导体激光器对1 mm厚度的6063铝合金进行拼接焊接实验,通过对焊接工艺参数激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量进行正交优化实验,焊缝接头最大抗拉强度为172.3 MPa,达到母材的85%,实现了半导体激光对铝合金的激光焊接目标。     

介电润湿液体透镜仿生复眼的设计与仿真

为解决仿生复眼系统不能自适应变焦的问题,提出了一种基于介电润湿液体透镜曲面阵列的可变焦仿生复眼系统。分析系统结构对成像性能的影响,计算系统的自适应变焦能力及相应像平面可移动范围。结果表明:系统成像的视场角随着基底曲率的增大而增大。相比于非均匀透镜阵列,均匀透镜阵列可明显降低系统的离焦像差。适当减小子透镜单元尺寸,也可以达到降低边缘透镜离焦像差的目的。当物距或者接收器位置发生改变时,通过调整子透镜单元焦距降低系统的离焦像差。系统接收器可移动范围为1.9 mm~15 mm。     

高效非成像聚光光学系统设计与性能分析

针对菲涅尔透镜存在实际光学效率偏低的问题,本文设计了一种由非球面透镜和棒锥镜组成的高效非成像聚光光学系统。在光学设计软件Zemax的序列模式下对非球面透镜进行了优化设计,通过最大程度地减小球差,像面光斑的几何半径从42 mm降到了1.7 mm。基于此,在Zemax的非序列模式下,完成了非球面透镜和棒锥镜的建模和优化,通过蒙特卡罗光线追迹分析实现了光学效率为87%、接收角为0.9°的非成像聚光光学系统。最后,基于非球面透镜阵列和棒锥镜样品,实现了高倍聚光型光伏模组的封装与测试。测试结果表明,该模组的光电转换效率达30.03%,与菲涅尔透镜构成的高倍聚光型光伏模组相比有显著提升。     

浅析大功率半导体激光器面阵的光纤耦合技术

近年来,半导体激光阵列发展迅猛,但由于输出光束质量差,影响了其直接应用。因此,改善大功率半导体激光器的光束质量成为各国关注的焦点。本文在介绍光纤耦合技术的基础上,对大功率半导体激光器面阵光束整形方案进行了分析和研究。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.