以明胶为模板制备复合空腔微球

以明胶微球为模板, 采用层层自组装技术制备了明胶/SiO₂/PAH复合微球, 并用热水溶解模板得到了SiO₂/PAH复合空腔微球. 通过用ζ电位、TEM、IR、TG等测试手段对其样品进行表征分析. 结果表明, SiO₂/PAH有效地组装在明胶微球上, 形成了核壳式结构, 模板去除后得到空腔结构. 在溶解模板的过程中, 通过对明胶水解产物氨基酸含量的测定, 发现SiO₂/聚电解质的存在具有一定的缓释性.     

酵母基多孔炭微球的热裂解制备及其吸附性能研究

以氯化锌为活化剂,采用热裂解酵母法制备了多孔炭微球。用FE-SEM、XRD、TG-DTA表征了炭微球的物化结构,测试了炭微球的极性和吸附性能。FE-SEM结果表明多孔炭微球为椭球状,长度为(2.3±0.50)μm,宽度为(3.5±0.45)μm,分散度好。XRD结果表明多孔炭微球为无定形炭。热重分析监控了酵母的转变过程。FT-IR分析表明多孔炭微球的形成与表面化学官能团有关,其形成机理为炭化过程。极性测试表明炭微球表面存在大量非极性基团,这有利于炭微球在非极性溶液中的吸附。在对碱性和酸性染料的吸附中,多孔炭微球对酸性染料表现出了较高的吸附能力。     

可缓释药物的明胶/磷酸钙骨水泥复合组织工程支架材料

采用向孔隙中灌注含聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）载药微球的明胶溶液的方法制备了具有药物缓释功能的明胶/磷酸钙骨水泥复合组织工程支架。用扫描电子显微镜观察了微球和支架的形貌特征,用万能材料试验机测定了支架材料的抗压强度,用紫外-可见分光光度计分析了复合支架的释药率。结果表明,灌注明胶对多孔磷酸钙骨水泥支架起到显著的增强作用,抗压强度达2.42 MPa。复合支架携载硫酸庆大霉素, 具有良好的药物缓释功能,缓释时间可达30天以上,使支架在修复骨缺损的同时能消除炎症反应,成为一种集骨修复和治疗于一体的新型组织工程支架材料,具有良好的应用前景。      

非均相悬浮法制备多孔羟基磷灰石微球

为了获得具有吸附和生物学功能的多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)微球,以自制的纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)粉体为原料,用非均相悬浮法制备了HA/明胶微球,将微球在1 250℃下焙烧,成功制备了直径100~500μm的多孔HA微球.采用光学显微镜、SEM分析、XRD分析和BET氮吸附法研究了微球形貌、尺寸、物相组成、比表面积和孔径,测定了微球对水中F-离子的吸附性能.结果表明:微球具有良好球形形貌和相互贯通的纳米微孔;尺寸比较均匀,分散性良好;微球的主要结晶相为羟基磷灰石;BET表面积为1.867 0~2.089 5 m~2/g,孔径6.53~6.85 nm;对氟离子的平衡吸附容量为1.909~1.940 mg/g.通过控制m(HA)/m(明胶)比例、油温、搅拌速度和搅拌时间,可以在一定范围内控制微球直径和比表面积.     

纳米TiO_2/交联淀粉复合微球的合成研究

在反相微乳液体系中通过原位聚合,制备了纳米TiO2/交联淀粉复合微球.通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、粒度分析等对复合微球的结构进行了表征.结果表明:复合微球形态圆整,平均粒径为21.2μm,表面多孔;N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与淀粉发生交联共聚,纳米TiO2粒子与淀粉发生羟基键合;复合微球的结晶度由于TiO2的存在显著降低.     

多孔磁性复合微球的制备及其功能化研究进展

与常规磁性微球相比,多孔磁性复合微球具有比表面积大、密度小等特性,因此得到了人们的普遍关注。近几年来,多孔磁性复合微球的制备技术得到了很大发展。目前,基本实现了比表面积可控、孔径和表面化学性质可调。本文详细介绍了多孔磁性复合微球的制备方法,总结了成孔机理和影响孔结构的因素,并对磁性微球表面功能化的方法作了相关概述。     

明胶微球/磷酸镁基骨水泥复合药物缓释体系的构建

采用乳化交联法制备出粒径主要分布在100~300 μm的载药明胶微球, 分析了交联剂含量、药物含量和转速对载药率和包封率的影响及药物含量和转速对微球粒径的影响。对载药明胶微球与磷酸镁基骨水泥进行复合, 探讨微球降解过程中复合体系孔隙率的变化及其在体外药物释放的规律, 以期获得一种具有药物缓释性能的多孔磷酸镁基复合骨水泥。结果表明, 随着葡萄糖浓度增加, 载药率和包封率先上升再下降; 随着药物含量的增加, 载药率保持上升, 包封率先上升后下降; 随着转速增加, 载药率和包封率均下降。综合分析, 在转速为400 r/min、葡萄糖浓度为0.5 g/mL、药物与明胶质量比为1:2的条件下制备的载药明胶微球载药量较高, 且粒径合适。将复合不同比例该载药微球的磷酸镁基骨水泥浸泡在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中进行体外药物释放研究, 结果表明: 在释放前期(0~10 h)药物释放速率较快, 之后药物释放明显减缓。7 d后, 微球几乎降解完全, 药物释放率达到60%~89%, 达到了一定的药物缓释效果。     

诺氟沙星明胶磁性微球的研制及表征

利用明胶的生物相容性及经戊二醛处理可使其固化的特性, 以Fe₃O₄作为磁性内核, 以液体石蜡为有机分散介质, 通过反相悬液冷冻凝聚法制备了强磁性的诺氟沙星明胶核壳微球, 用IR、SEM、TEM、UV/Vis等技术对微球进行了性能表征, 结果表明: 微球成球性好, 无粘连, 平均直径为5～10μm, Fe₃O₄的含量为19%, 明胶的含量为74.8%, 微球载药率(w/w)为6.2%, 药物包裹率为61.4%, 5h释放药物为74.4%, 微球具有较好的缓释性.     

载微球纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合多孔支架的制备与表征

首先通过乳化法合成海藻酸钠/壳聚糖(ALG/CS)复合微球,然后将其与纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖H(n-HA/CS)复合材料混合均匀,用气体发泡法制备了载微球复合组织工程支架.并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)以及转靶X射线仪(XRD)等方法对该载微球多孔支架进行分析和表征.结果表明:n-HA/CS复合材料中无机相均匀分散在连续有机基质中,复合前后两组分均未发生明显变化;制备的载微球多孔支架中孔隙分布均匀,孔间贯通性良好,孔隙率较高;而其中的微球均呈球状,直径分布在150～350μm之间;微球表面粗糙且有大量微孔,载药后将利于药物的释放;微球在整个支架中分布均匀,而且与n-HA/CS基体材料间亲和性较高.本研究将为骨或软骨缺损提供一种性能优良且具有药物缓释功能的组织工程支架.     

磁性明胶载药微球的制备及体外释药研究

以诺氟沙星为水溶性模型药物,采用反相悬液冷冻凝聚法制得包裹Fe3O4微粒和药物的磁性明胶微球,考察了磁性载药微球的制备条件对微球的成球率、药物包裹率、体外释药及微球降解情况的影响.结果表明,明胶的浓度、戊二醛的用量、固化时间等均对微球的结构和性能产生影响,经优化条件得到了成球率、药物包裹率、体外释放都较好的载药微球.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.