(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3基无铅压电陶瓷研究进展

综述了（Na0.5Bi0.5)Tio3（简写为NBT）基无铅压电陶瓷的发展现状，特性及影响因素，用分子轨道理论解释了NBT强铁电性的成因，对研究较多的三个体系：NBT-ATiO3(A=Ca,Sr,Ba),NBT-BNbO3(B=Na,K)和NBT－Ln掺杂体系给予了概括介绍，内容包括成分配比，性能和应用，并提出了NBT基无铅压电陶瓷的设计原则。     

ESD in integrated circuits

A review of the effects of electrostatic discharge (ESD) on semiconductor integrated circuits is presented. The principles of the human body model (HBM), the machine model (MM) and the charged device model (CDM) test methods are outlined, and their relative merits and drawbacks are discussed. Techniques, such as the transmission line pulse method, which may be used to characterise ESD protection circuit elements are also presented. The concept of ESD protection circuit designs and some typical ESD protection circuit elements are presented. The main design and process parameters are identified, and the main categories of damage under ESD conditions are shown. Models of the behaviour of the protection circuit elements under high current conditions are presented, and the boundary conditions for damage are discussed. The issues that will influence ESD protection circuit behaviour in the future are discussed.     

航天轻型结构材料——铝锂合金的发展

概述了铝锂(Al-Li)合金的发展历史,总结了其发展趋势:(1)超强、超韧性方向发展;(2)超低密度化发展;(3)改善铝锂合金的焊接性能;(4)改善铝锂合金的各向异性;(5)改善铝锂合金的热稳定性.指出了提高铝锂合金性能的主要途径:(1)微合金化;(2)形变热处理;(3)纯净化;(4)再结晶、在不同方向上拉伸或冷轧、减小变形量等.介绍了铝锂合金的制造方法及其在航天方面的应用.     

The chirality of metal-encapsulated silicene-like nanotubes

The energy stability and electronic structures of (3,3) armchair metal-encapsulated SiNTs (M@SiNTs) are systematically studied by using DFT-GGA calculations. Results show that most the metal-encapsulated SiNTs with the same space group can be stabilized through doping by metal atoms with silicene-like structures. Compared with the different chirality, (4,0) zigzag M@SiNTs are more stable than (3,3) armchair M@SiNTs. The band gaps of (3,3) and (4,0) SiNTs are 1.06 eV and 0.06 eV, they are both semiconductors. But most (3,3) armchair and (4,0) zigzag M@SiNTs are conductors, except (3,3) Sn@SiNT, (4,0) K@SiNT and (4,0) Ba@SiNT are semiconductors with small value of band gaps. The interaction between encapsulated metal and silicon atoms makes out orbital hybridizations, and decreases the gap between valence band and conduction band. Finally, electronic structural analysis shows that metal atoms gain electrons and Si atoms lose electrons as a whole, some electrons transfer from Si to metal atoms.     

微乳液法合成羟基磷灰石纳米微晶及其性能研究

在一定的pH值条件下,以DTAC为表面活性剂、正辛醇为助表面活性剂、环己烷为油相形成的微乳液模板,诱导Ca(NO3)2和(NH4)2HPO4在其形成的微反应器中反应,反应物经混合陈化后即可生成片状和长柱状等多种微观形貌的羟基磷灰石纳米微晶(HA).将所得产物在不同温度下焙烧,分别用FTIR、XRD和TEM等对其结构及形貌进行表征,对不同表面活性剂浓度和反应物浓度条件下所得HA的微观形貌分别进行了分析对比.     

非晶硅薄膜表面与非晶须特性

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM),观测到未见报道的须状微结构,称为非晶须。提出非晶须可能的生长条件是淀积系统中出现大的过饱和气压。X 射线光电子能谱分析表明,非晶硅与其表面SiO_2之间存在化学成分为 SiO_x(0相似文献   

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe(x)Ni(1-x) alloy nanoplatelets

Plate-like nanoparticles (or nanoplatelets) of Fe(x)Ni(1-x) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) alloy were successfully synthesized through a simple sonochemical method. The shapes of the alloy nanoplatelets with different Fe atom contents are almost same. Their average diameters are about 50 nm, and their average thicknesses are several nanometers. The obtained Fe(x)Ni(1-x) alloy nanoplatelets are single-phased and have a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The lattice constants of the alloy nanoplatelets are larger than the corresponding bulk value and increase with increasing Fe content. The surface oxidation of the alloy nanoplatelets leads to the lattice expansion. The alloy nanoplatelet powders are all ferromagnetic, and their saturation magnetizations are slightly lower than the corresponding bulk value. The saturation magnetic field and the coercivity increase with increasing Fe content. Magnetic hysteresis loops along the directions deviating different angles from the nanoplatelets plane are obviously different, indicating that the easy-axis is in the in-plane direction and the magnetization reversal is incoherent mode. The micromagnetic simulation results for the array composed of thirty-six Fe0.6Ni0.4 alloy nanoplatelets fit well with the measured data.     

热注入法制备CuIn(Se,S)_2纳米材料的研究进展

介绍了CuIn(Se,S)2纳米材料的晶体结构和性质,以及热注入法的原理和特点。重点论述了近年来国内外采用热注入法制备不同形貌和结构CuIn(Se,S)2纳米材料的研究进展,概括了其反应机理和影响因素。综述了CuIn(Se,S)2纳米材料在太阳能电池、QD-LED及生物标记上的应用。探讨了目前存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Reflection of piezothermoelastic waves from the charge and stress free boundary of a transversely isotropic half space

The present paper concentrates on the study of propagation and reflection characteristics of waves from the stress free, thermally insulated/isothermal boundary of a piezothermoelastic half space. The non-classical (generalized) theories of linear piezo-thermoelasticity have been employed to investigate the problem. In the two-dimensional model of the transversely isotropic piezothermoelastic medium, there are three types of plane waves quasi-longitudinal (QL), quasi-transverse (QT) and thermal wave (T-mode), whose velocities depend on the angle of incidence and frequency. These waves are dispersive in character and are also affected by piezoelectric as well as pyroelectric properties of the materials. The low and high frequency approximations for the speeds of propagation and the attenuation coefficients of these waves have been obtained. The quasi-longitudinal (QL), quasi-transverse (QT) and thermal wave (T-mode) incident cases at the stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal open circuit boundary of a transversely isotropic piezothermoelastic half space are considered to discuss the reflection characteristics of various waves. The amplitude ratios of reflected waves to that of incident one in each case have been obtained. The special cases of normal and grazing incidence are also derived and discussed. Finally, the numerical computations of reflection coefficients are carried out for cadmium Selenide (CdSe) material by using Gauss elimination procedure. In addition the phase velocities and attenuation coefficients are also computed along various directions of wave propagation. The obtained results in each case are presented graphically.     

乙基纤维素接枝L-丙交酯共聚物的制备、表征及其热性能

在辛酸亚锡催化下,成功制备了乙基纤维素与聚L-乳酸接枝共聚物。产物经GPC、FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR表征,证实L-丙交酯在乙基纤维素残存的羟基上发生开环聚合,接枝到乙基纤维素骨架上。研究了丙交酯纯度、投料比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对接枝率的影响,并利用DSC和TG研究了接枝物的热性能。     

Electron‐Induced Dynamics of Heptathioether β‐Cyclodextrin Molecules

Variable‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) measurements are performed on heptathioether β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au. The β‐CD molecules exhibit very rich dynamical behavior, which is not apparent in ensemble‐averaged studies. The dynamics are reflected in the tunneling current–time traces, which are recorded with the STM feedback loop disabled. The dynamics are temperature independent, but increase with increasing tunneling current and sample bias, thus indicating that the conformational changes of the β‐CD molecules are induced by electrons that tunnel inelastically. Even for sample biases as low as 10 mV, well‐defined levels are observed in the tunneling current–time traces. These jumps are attributed to the excitations of the molecular vibration of the macrocyclic β‐CD molecule. The results are of great importance for a proper understanding of transport measurements in SAMs.     

SiO2-Ag纳米复合颗粒自组装的制备与表征

利用自组装法在空气-水界面制备了SiO2薄膜粒子,将所制薄膜粒子先后用AgNO3溶液与Na2S2O3溶液浸泡,并充分曝光,形成了一种形状如"西瓜"的SiO2-Ag纳米复合颗粒.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对其结构进行了表征和分析,并初步探讨了其结构的形成机理.结果表明,纳米Ag"瓜子"均匀地分散于SiO2"瓜瓤"颗粒中,形成的复合颗粒呈球形,粒径均匀.     

Evaluation of mixed theories for laminated plates through the axiomatic/asymptotic method

This paper proposes variable kinematic, mixed theories for laminated plates built via the asymptotic/axiomatic method (AAM). This method has been recently developed and successfully applied to develop refined theories for multilayered plates and shells. The AAM evaluates the accuracy of each unknown variables of a structural model. The present paper extends the AAM to mixed theories based on the Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT). The displacement and transverse stress fields are modeled by means of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), and expansions up to the fourth-order are employed. Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) and Layer Wise (LW) schemes are adopted, and closed-form Navier-type solutions are considered.The AAM is exploited to determine the set of active terms of a refined plate model. The inactive terms are then discarded. The effectiveness of each variable is evaluated with respect to an LW, fourth-order mixed model. Reduced models are built for different thickness ratios, stacking sequences and displacement/stress variables.The results suggest that reduced models with significantly less unknown variables than full models can be built with no accuracies penalties. Such models are problem dependent, and full models should be preferred in the case of thick, asymmetric plates.     

Single phase power factor correction — A review

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the past and recent developments in the area of single-phase power factor correction (PFC) techniques. The motivation for the research in this area, and the manifold directions into which the research has gained impetus, are clearly brought out. The various PFC techniques are broadly classified into (1) passive, (2) active, and (3) active-passive PFC techniques. The active PFC techniques, based on the output dynamics, are further classified into (1) conventional techniques which have slow output dynamics and (2) techniques with fast output dynamics. The critical issues within each PFC technique are discussed in detail. An extensive list of references is also provided at the end.     

金属纳米带的制备及其在电化学传感器中的应用研究进展

综述了金、银等金属纳米带的制备方法(真空冷凝法和模板法)及其在电化学传感器中的应用,展望了其发展前景.着重介绍了真空冷凝法的制备原理、装置、过程等;讨论了模板法中不同类型的有机分子模板(模板作用、兼顾模板和还原剂作用)、制备过程中的反应体系(水热、超声等)、模板分子与金属离子的物质的量比和反应时间等对纳米带微观形貌的影响.     

纳米锌/聚氯乙烯复合材料的研制和表征

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米锌/聚氯乙烯复合材料作为电流变液体的分散颗粒,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪对复合材料的粒径、微观形貌特征和结构进行了分析和探讨。研究结果表明,经过超声振动后复合颗粒分布较均匀,100 h球磨后锌粒的粒径大约为100 nm左右,呈层片状分布,聚氯乙烯与锌复合后,能够均匀地包覆在锌粒的表面。     

A time-dependent density functional theory study on the absorption spectra of Cu(n) clusters

The structures and absorption spectra of neutral Cu(n) (n = 3-9) clusters, are studied in the framework of the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) using all-electron calculations. The obtained ground state structures are respectively planar for Cu(n) (n = 2-6) and 3-dimensional for Cu(n) (n = 7-9). The calculations of transition energies, oscillator strengths and dipole moment of absorption spectra have been calculated and investigated in a large energy interval, which allow us to determine the role of d electrons. The spectral analysis shows that 3d electrons are responsible for spectrum behavior of Cu(n) (n = 3-8) in addition to the contribution of 4s electrons, while only 3d electrons are primarily responsible for spectroscopic patterns of Cu9. The results are entirely different from the absorption spectra of Ag(n) with the same number of atoms.     

Free vibration analysis of reinforced thin-walled plates and shells through various finite element models

Abstract

This article deals with free vibration analysis of thin-walled structures reinforced by longitudinal stiffeners using refined one-dimensional (1D) models.The 1D theory, which is used in the present article, has hierarchical features and it is based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The displacement field over the cross section is obtained by means of Taylor (TE) or Lagrange (LE) expansions. Finite element (FE) method is applied along the beam axis to obtain weak form solutions of the related governing equations. The obtained results are compared with those from classical finite element formulations based on plate and shell (2D), beam (1D), and solid (3D) elements that are available in commercial software. When solid formulation is used to build the FE solutions, stringers and skin are modeled with only 3D elements while, in the 2D-1D FE models, shell and beam elements are used for skin and stringers, respectively. Three benchmark problems are analyzed: a flat plate, a curved panel, and a thin-walled cylinder. When TE models are used, different orders of expansion, N, are considered, where N is a free parameter of the formulation. As far as Lagrange expansions are concerned, four-node (LE 4) and nine-node (LE 9) elements are used to build different meshes on the cross section. The results show that the present 1D models are able to analyze the dynamic behavior of complex structures and can detect 3D effects as well as very complex shell-like modes typical of thin-walled structures. Moreover, the 1D-CUF elements yield accurate results with a low number of degrees of freedom.     

人、才、材的命运

从系统的内因(结构)和外因(环境)浅谈人、人才和材料的命运.采用静态的概念分析人、人才和材料,并讨论命、运和命运;采用动态的反馈分析,提出质变的新反馈,并示例地简介材料中的耗散结构.从哲学角度总结和强调社会系统和自然系统的相似性.