β-PbO纳米棒的电化学还原法制备

以Pb（NO3）2、ZrOCl2·8H2O和TiCl3为原料，采用电化学还原的方法，制备出了氧化铅纳米棒。用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能量分散谱（EDS）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）研究产物的微观形貌和晶体结构。研究结果表明：用电化学还原法制备的氧化铅纳米棒是单晶的结构，氯离子的存在对产物有很大的影响。     

一种锂离子电池正极纳米材料LiV3O8 的制备和性能

采用一种简单的低热固相合成方法,在不同烧结温度下制备了具有纳米结构的LiV3O8.并利用X射线衍射、热重/差热、透射电镜、充放电以及循环伏安等测试手段对其结构、形貌和性能做了研究.结果表明,不同的烧结温度影响到产物的结构、形貌和性能.300℃烧结6h的样品,在1.8～3.8V范围内,首次放电比容量达到342mAh/g.随着烧结温度的升高,样品在（100）方向的衍射峰明显增强,充放电容量也有所下降.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiV3O8的低温合成研究

以LiNO3和NH4VO3的原料，通过溶胶－凝胶法制备了层状锂钒氧化物LiV3O8锂离子电池正极材料，通过TG－DTG、XRD等考察了合成条件对产物首次放电比容量的影响，实验结果表明，在450℃左右热分解20h可能得到单一相产物LiV3O8，其层状结构较为完整，电化学性能好，首次放电比容量可达350mAh.g^-1，作为高能锂离子电池正极材料较为理想。     

特殊形貌Co3O4纳米片的制备及其电化学性能

采用不添加任何表面活性剂的水热法,在适当反应温度和反应时间下制备出了直径尺寸大约为300nm左右,厚度约为30nm左右的六边形Co3O4纳米片.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了产物的结构、组成及形貌,利用电化学工作站仪器测试了Co3O4的电化学性能.结果表明:制备的六边形Co3O4纳米片具备良好的电化学性能,单位比电容达到了110F/g,可以作为良好的超级电容器应用材料.     

水热法制备纳米片状氧化镍及其对葡萄糖的电化学检测

以聚乙二醇为表面活性剂,采用水热法制备纳米片状Ni O,并用于电化学检测葡萄糖。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)分别对所得产物的结构和形貌进行表征。TEM结果表明,所得产物为超薄片状结构Ni O,其大小在50nm左右。采用循环伏安法(CV)研究纳米片状Ni O修饰电极在Na OH溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明,该电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化性能,它对葡萄糖响应的线性范围为2.58×10-6~7.71×10-3mol/L,检出限为0.5μmol/L(S/N=3)。     

低温液相法制备片花状α-Fe2O3纳米结构

以氯化铁为铁源,添加适量二甲胺硼烷(DMAB)作为表面活性剂.用简单的液相方法在低温下制备出大量片花状α-Fe2O3纳米结构.讨论了反应时间和DMAB与FeCl3摩尔比对产物形貌的影响.在温度为80℃,摩尔比为1:1时制备出的片状α-Fe2O3形貌完整性较好.用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜分别表征了α-Fe2O...     

温和条件下氧化铜纳米片层的制备与电化学催化性质研究

为实现特定形貌CuO纳米材料的温和可控合成,增强该材料作为电化学催化剂的催化活性,利用亚铜离子在碱性溶液中的氧化沉淀反应,制备了形貌均一稳定的CuO纳米片层。采用粉末X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱与电化学催化反应等手段,研究了不同合成参数对产物的形貌、价态与电化学催化性能的影响。研究结果表明:当产物投料比为0.01 g CuCl/10 mL TBAOH时,产物的电化学催化性质最好;在200℃下煅烧后,催化性能得到进一步提高。利用具有特殊分子结构的四丁基氢氧化铵作为模板剂,能够实现CuO纳米片层的简单、快速、温和制备;同时,产物中低价态Cu离子的存在可提高催化剂的电化学催化活性。通过煅烧提高产物的结晶性,能够进一步增强材料的电化学催化活性。     

LiV3O8的溶胶-凝胶法合成及500℃阴极放电性能

用柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶工艺制备出了LiV3O8化合物,并检测了其作为热电池阴极材料时的放电性能。干凝胶210℃熔烧所得的粉末颗粒疏松多孔,300℃时可变成结晶岩状,低温攻时出现了Li0.3V2O5和LiV2O5相经650℃长时间保温后可转变为LiV3O8。模拟Li-B/LiCl-KCl/LiV3O8(或V2O5）热电池500℃放电试验表明,LiV3O8因具有良好的电子导电体和较低的Li^ 扩散极化,其放电较V2O5平稳,虽峰值电压略有降低,但可利用的比容量（电压降至峰值电压的75％或2．0V）均不低于V2O5;LiV3O8中掺入8％的P2O5时可提高小电流放电时的电压。     

TiOCl2 溶液低温水解合成金红石型氧化钛纳米粉

由TiOCl2均相溶液采用低温（室温－60℃）陈化直接制备了纳米氧化钛针形聚集体颗粒。研究了搅拌和陈化温度对产物形貌及尺寸的影响。结果表明,在搅拌的条件下,产物的形貌为准球形;陈化温度（室温－60℃）对产物形貌无影响。利用透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对产物进行了表征,结果表明,产物形貌为针形聚集体,晶型为金红石型。     

爆轰制备球形纳米γ-Fe_2O_3粉末

利用爆轰合成的方法制备纳米-γFe2O3粉末,采用透射电镜以及X射线衍射等检测方法,对爆轰产物的形貌以及组成进行分析。研究结果表明,所制备的纳米-γFe2O3颗粒圆整度较高,呈现红棕色,经计算,产物平均粒径为42.17nm。爆轰法在材料制备中的应用,为纳米-γFe2O3的合成提供了简便、快捷而又节省能源的新方法。     

钒酸锂化合物的制备和性能

采用一种新的方法合成LiV₃O₈化合物,以LiOH、V₂O₅和NH₃H₂O为反应物质,先合成出含有Li和V的反应前驱物质,再用焙烧的方法生成最终产物.X射线试验结果发现,产物在(100)方向上的衍射峰强度与用传统方法得到的产物相比明显降低.充放电结果显示,当电流为0.3mA/cm²时,在1.8～4.0V区间内,产物的首次放电比容量达到264mAh/g,循环15次后仍能达到249mAh/g.     

水热法合成MoO3单晶纳米带及其形成机理

以HCl和Na2MoO4·2H2O为原材料,不用任何模板剂的情况下,用简单的水热法成功地制备了正交相单晶α-MoO3纳米带.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见光分光光度计对产物进行了表征.结果显示,α-MoO3纳米带是由低温条件下形成的亚稳相h-MoO3微米棒通过溶解-重结晶转变而来,其沿着c轴方向生长,加入表面活性剂CTAB可以提高α-MoO3纳米带的长径比.     

A simple method for the growth of high-quality GaN nanobelts

A simple method using two-step growth technology to successfully synthesize the high-quality single crystalline GaN nanobelts was employed in this paper. The as-prepared products are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results of XRD and the selective area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns indicate that the reflections of the samples can be indexed to the hexagonal GaN phase with single-crystal structure. From the SEM morphology, we can see that the width of the nanobelts is about 800 nm, and the ratio of thickness to width is about 1/10. The maximum length is up to several tens of micrometers. In the HRTEM image, the clear lattice fringes indicate the growth of good-quality hexagonal single-crystal GaN nanobelts. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.     

In situ synthesis of α-MoO3/graphene composites as anode materials for lithium ion battery

The α-MoO₃/graphene composites (MoO₃/G) were prepared via an in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The composites were characterized using various characterization techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the electrochemical performance test. The results show that these MoO₃/G composites exhibit high capacity and good cycle stability when used as the lithium-ion battery anode. Among all the samples, the MoO₃/G-27 reveals the best electrochemical performance with an initial charge capacity of 977.7 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 50 mA g⁻¹, the first coulombic efficiency of 69.5%. After eighty cycles the electrode still maintains a capacity of 869.2 mAh g⁻¹, giving high capacity retention of 88.9%. The good electrochemical performance of the composite anode is close related to its structure, in which the MoO₃ nanobelts are not only homogeneously anchored on the surface but also embedded in the interlayer of the graphene sheets; hence the volume change and aggregation of the MoO₃ nanobelts during lithium ion insertion/extraction process can be effectively hindered. On the other hand, graphene itself is an electronic conductor; the graphene and MoO₃ nanobelts connect closely, which offers large electrode/electrolyte contacting area, short path length for Li⁺ transporting during lithium insertion and extraction.     

软化学法合成正交结构LiMnO_2及其电化学性能

研究以氢氧化锂和三氧化二锰为原料,用软化学法制备具有正交结构的锂离子电池正极材料LiMnO2。用X射线衍射法确定了材料的结构,用扫描电镜考察了材料形貌和反应时间的关系,观察结果显示得到的LiMnO2的粒子尺寸在300~500nm。结合循环伏安法和交流阻抗分析研究了合成条件对材料组织结构、尺寸与电化学性能的影响。材料的电化学性能测试结果表明,合成的正交扭曲结构LiMnO2(o-LiMnO2)材料在电化学过程中初期表现了较好的电化学性能。但材料在电化学过程中逐步向尖晶石结构相LiMn2O4转变,容量产生衰减,其循环寿命有待更进一步改善。     

The facile synthesis of nickel silicide nanobelts and nanosheets and their application in electrochemical energy storage

Ni silicides in the form of nanobelts and nanosheets were synthesized for the first time based on the chemical reaction of Ni substrate with SiHCl(3) under H(2) atmosphere at 900?°C. Their morphological, structural and compositional features were characterized in detail using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. It was found that the nanobelts, 120-180?nm in thickness and 1-5?μm in width, comprise a single Ni(3)Si phase and the nanosheets 20-80?nm in thickness consist of Ni(3)Si and Ni(31)Si(12), which is influenced by the concentration ratio of SiHCl(3) to H(2). Moreover, the potential application of these Ni silicides in electrochemical energy storage was also investigated. The results indicate that the nanosheets have excellent electrochemical performance when used as anode material for high energy density lithium ion batteries: a reversible capacity of more than 540?mA?h?g(-1) can be maintained even for the 20th cycle in a standard Li(+) half-cell.     

纳米CuO/Cu负极材料的热氧化制备及其结构和电化学性能

采用纳米铜粉为原材料,通过直接在空气气氛中氧化的方法制备了含有微量Cu的纳米CuO/Cu复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM等材料结构分析方法和恒电流充放电测试技术对在250～500℃不同氧化温度下获得产物的结构和电化学性能进行研究。研究结果表明,在250～500℃下氧化4小时,纳米Cu粉基本氧化为CuO,其含量在94wt.%以上,并保持初始Cu粉的纳米尺寸。经250～450℃氧化的产物中有微量的Cu(3～4wt.%)保留下来,而500℃氧化的样品中未发现有Cu。用该方法制备的纳米CuO/Cu作为锂离子电池负极材料表现出良好的循环稳定性,其中,经450℃氧化的材料表现出最高的循环稳定性。经8个循环活化后,容量达到423mAh/g,经80次循环后,容量保持有377mAh/g,容量保持率接近90%。     

纳米级Li4Ti5O12负极材料的制备及其输运特性

以酞酸丁酯和乙酸锂为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法成功制备了纳米钛酸锂Li_4Ti_5O₁₂(LTO)负极材料。采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分别对材料的物相与形貌进行了表征分析,并研究了煅烧条件和包覆改性对LTO输运特性的影响。研究表明,煅烧温度为800℃,时间为10 h条件下制备的样品的输运特性最佳,离子电导率为8.8×10^-8 S/cm,电子电导率为8.53×10^-10 S/cm。均匀的碳包覆层可以有效地改善样品的输运特性,LTO/C复合活性材料的离子与电子电导率分别达到4.35×10^-7 S/cm和9.63×10^-8 S/cm。电化学性能测试表明,碳包覆后的活性材料在0.1 C倍率下首次放电容量可达172.4 mAh/g;在5 C高倍率下循环充放电50次后,容量保持率可达94.4%,表现出较好的电化学性能。     

Preparation and electrochemical performances of LiFePO4/C composite nanobelts via facile electrospinning

LiFePO₄/C composite nanobelts were synthesized by calcination of the [LiOH + Fe(NO₃)₃ + H₃PO₄]/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun nanobelts. PVP was used as the electrospinning template and carbon source. During the calcination, [LiOH + Fe(NO₃)₃ + H₃PO₄] were transformed to lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) and PVP was decomposed into carbon. The morphology and properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The results indicate that the mean width of LiFePO₄/C composite nanobelts is 2.50 ± 0.33 μm, the average thickness is about 162 nm and the BET specific surface area is 19.4 m² g^?1. The addition of carbon does not affect the structure of LiFePO₄, but improves its electrochemical performances. At the current density of 0.2 C, the initial discharge capacity of LiFePO₄/C electrode is 123.38 mAh g^?1 and there is no obvious capacity fading after 50 cycles. The formation mechanism of LiFePO₄/C composite nanobelts was also proposed.     

Growth of tin dioxide nanobelts via Au-catalytic VLS process

Ultra-long (several millimeters) tin dioxide SnO2 nanobelts were prepared by chemical vapor deposition at 850 degrees C. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) indicated that the as-prepared sample is tetragonal phase SnO2; field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveals the as-prepared SnO2 is uniform nanobelts; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies show the nanobelts is monocrystalline with width of hundreds of nanometers and growth along [101] crystal direction; X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum were used to detail its composition and optical properties. The possible formation mechanism of these ultra-long nanobelts was also proposed on the basis of experiments.