动载荷时域半解析识别方法

基于模态空间转换、离散数据最小二乘拟合与模态叠加原理,提出一种动载荷时域半解析识别方法。通过模态空间转化将动载荷识别问题转化为模态坐标函数识别问题,以结构特性参数与已知自由度上的动响应为输入,利用最小二乘拟合得到模态坐标的拟合函数,根据叠加原理与结构动力学控制方程,识别出结构时域动载荷。分别用计算仿真与试验测试得到的时域加速度响应作为输入,实现时域动载荷的识别。识别结果与真实动载荷对比表明,本文的识别方法能较准确地识别结构动载荷值及载荷作用部位。     

国外氯磺化聚乙烯弹性体近况

国外氯磺化聚乙烯弹性体近况１９５２年杜邦公司首先推出氯磺化聚乙烯弹性体（ＣＳＭ），它是以晶体聚乙烯为基础，引入氯［２４％～４３％（重量）］进行改性，并加入少量的磺酰基［０．９％～１．５％（重量）］制成的。弹性体为非晶形，其结构为：或中，ｘ大约为１２，...     

基于GDF的结构载荷及参数联合识别的实时方法

结构载荷及参数识别是结构动力学领域的重要研究内容,目前已有一些研究致力于两者的联合识别。比如EGDF法,虽然可以连续识别未知载荷和参数,但需要载荷自由度上的加速度响应;另外,该方法与其他基于最小二乘的连续识别方法一样,存在未知载荷和位移识别的低频漂移现象。提出了上述问题的改进方法,将识别问题转化为模态空间中的模态位移以及模态载荷的识别,再利用模态缩减法,得到实时的EGDF法;另外,采用位移和加速度作为测量响应,可解决识别结果的低频漂移问题。     

半紧1－集压缩映射与广义集压缩映射组的某些不动点定理

在文［１～４］的基础上扩充了半紧１－集压缩映射在楔形上的不动点与Ａｘ＝μｘ的解的某些结果，还扩充了文［５］中广义集压缩映射组的不动点定理。主要结果是定理２～３、定理６、定理８～９。     

论圆柱度(二)

6圆柱度的最小区域评定法圆柱度的最小区域评定法目前有两大类，一类是用各种优化法进行逐步逼近计算~［13］［15］［16］［17］另一类则是按照统一的形状误差最小区域判别准则找出满足该准则的特征占~［20］－［27］。关于前者本文不想多加评述，关于后者各文虽有不同，但他们的一个共同点是建立在文献~［7］的作者提出的“凸分析理论”~［26］基础上。6．1应用“凸理论”评定最小区域圆柱度~［20］～［27］［22］指出形状误差都可用下式表示F（v;ω）＝f（v）＋ω~tk（v）（17）式中：V为形成变量，表示形成各种表面形状所需的独立变量；…     

自由度匹配技术在网壳结构损伤识别应用中的比较研究

测试自由度与有限元模型自由度不匹配是损伤识别技术应用于实际工程的最大障碍，动力模型缩聚和特征向量扩充技术是解决这一问题的主要手段。提出了基于剩余模态力和最小秩摄动理论的两阶段损伤识别算法，对几种模型缩聚技术和特征向量扩充技术在网壳结构损伤识别应用中的可行性、优缺点及适用范围进行了比较研究。通过单层短程线网壳结构模型的数值模拟，同时考虑测试噪声影响，实现了测试信息不完备情况下的网壳结构损伤识别。结果表明，本文所提出的损伤识别算法可以识别出网壳结构的单位置刚度损伤，而且利用Guyan静态缩聚法和Guyan扩充法进行自由度匹配后的损伤识别结果非常准确，它们是网壳结构损伤识别应用中模型自由度匹配的最佳选择。     

均布载荷作用下圆薄板的自由振动

本文讨论了均布载荷作用下圆薄板在非线性弯曲静平衡构形附近的微幅自由振动。静平衡问题采用文献［２］给出的精确解，在此基础上用修正迭代法求解，得到了其固有频率－载荷特征关系。     

基于LSTM和响应分解的冲击载荷识别方法研究

同一量级的冲击载荷所产生的动响应要远大于静态响应,因此准确识别冲击载荷对于航空器结构件的动强度设计、校核与结构健康监测都具有重要意义。该文章提出的方法主要针对一般线性结构的冲击载荷识别问题,从实测冲击响应应变信号出发,主要解决了冲击载荷与响应信号样本长度不一致这一突出矛盾。首先基于冲击响应信号分解方法来进行振动信号特征提取,然后基于长短期记忆神经网络对载荷和响应信号样本特征进行映射,从而实现冲击载荷识别。通过对挂架模型实测冲击载荷信号进行识别,结果表明4种工况下,该方法识别的冲击载荷的均方根相对误差小于0.6,相关系数大于0.94。结果初步表明,在理想的试验环境中,该方法具备一定的识别精度。     

动态载荷识别位置优化的传递函数相干法

利用多自由度动力学原理对频域载荷识别方法进行分析,对传递函数病态性进行了研究,分析了动态载荷识别方法中响应点位置对传递函数病态性及载荷识别结果的影响.为降低载荷识别误差特别是结构共振频率下的识别误差,基于传递函数的相干分析定义了传递函数相干因子,并提出以最小传递函数相干因子为目标的动态载荷识别位置优化的传递函数相干法....     

附加子结构的结构动力修改方法的探讨

结构动力修改问题是工程上一个实用课题，不少单位引进了美国ＳＭＳ公司和ＳＤＭ３．０动力修改软件，比利时ＬＭＳ灵敏度分析软件。我们也研制了灵敏度分析与动力修改软件，既可应用于实测的模态参数，也可应用于有限元计算的模态参数。在利用测试的模态参数作动力修改时，这些软件只可应用于集中刚度、集中质量等简单情形的动力修改。对于稍加复杂的修改。例如加肋、加撑能否利用这些软件得到工程上满足精度要求的结果呢？本文探讨了矩形板（主结构）加肋（梁作为子结构）的动力修改问题。矩形板模态参数利用测试结果，而子结构助（梁）利用有限元离散化模型，再将刚度阵与质量阵凝聚到与板衔接的测点自由度上，得到与测点数一致的［△Ｍ］、［△Ｋ］，然后用动力修改软件得到修改后结构的前若干阶频率，将这一结果与修改后结构的测试频率比较，所得的结论从工程应用角度看也许是有启示的。     

基于EDFT的非均匀欠采样叶尖定时信号分析

针对叶尖定时信号因严重的非均匀采样和欠采样导致的谱分析难题,提出了基于扩展离散傅里叶变换(EDFT)的分析方法。不同于传统的傅里叶变换,EDFT是以傅里叶积分变换为目标,在扩展的频率范围内通过构造和优化变换基函数替代传统FFT变换中的指数基来实现非均匀和欠采样信号的谱分析,在分析中利用原始数据迭代和近似拟合保证了分析精度。该方法突破了奈奎斯特采样定理的限制,扩大了分析频率范围,分析谱线数也不再受限于采样点数,提高了频率分辨率。为了验证所提方法的可行性和可靠性,采用所构建的叶尖定时系统采样数学模型生成数据和试验台测试数据分别进行了方法应用分析,结果显示无论是仿真数据或试验数据,当传感器数量大于等于3时,基于该方法能够准确分析得到叶片振动的谱信号,表明该方法可以有效地解决非均匀欠采样叶尖定时信号的谱分析的难题,且具有良好的抗干扰性。     

Fourier Analysis of Time-Stamped Signals Using a Small Number of Samples

This paper concerns the Fourier analysis of measurements taken at times that are not at all uniformly spaced yet are accurately known. Such can be the case when measurements are obtained by networked sensors with accurate or synchronized clocks using common Internet Protocol networks or other networks that do not guarantee timely data delivery. Such can also be the case when the object being measured is only sporadically available for measurement. A method for computing a complex spectrum from a minimal number of samples taken at nonuniform time intervals is described. The novelty of this paper lies in the method's ability to minimize the number of samples required to ensure a desired accuracy. A practical application of the method lies in doing spectral analysis of signals obtained from networked sensors where acquiring each sample is expensive in time, power, or money, and so, the number of samples taken is to be minimized. The method has been tested on two rather different sets of actual measurements: one taken via smart sensors connected to the Internet and the other taken by a number of observational astronomers using a variety of apparatus over decades.     

Dynamic performance-based automatic generation control unit allocation with frequency sensitivity identification

With the alteration of energy structures in power system, the allocation of automatic generation control (AGC) is facing new challenges. The emergence of high penetration of manufacturing sectors and renewable energy sources has increased the demand for faster-ramping resources to participate in the frequency regulation service. Additionally, the current regulation service does not properly arrange the output of the resources considering the actual performance while they follow the AGC allocation signals, which affects the accuracy of frequency regulation. The fast-ramping capacity and response accuracy of AGC units are supposed to be considered in the dispatch. Meanwhile, the power outputs of different governors have different impacts on the system frequency, which has important guiding significance for the AGC dispatch. With the purpose of improving frequency regulation service, this paper proposes a dynamic performance-based dispatch model considering the above issues. We first prove that there is a linear relation between the output of the generators and system frequency, defined as frequency sensitivity. Then, the frequency sensitivity of each generator can be identified using the least square (LS) method. Furthermore, a dynamic multi-objective optimization allocation model is established, which considers the units’ economy, ramping capacity and accuracy. Finally, the proposed identification method and allocation model are simulated in the IEEE-9 bus system, and the simulation results verify their validity and feasibility     

An experimental comparison of the maximum likelihood estimation and nonlinear least-squares fluorescence lifetime analysis of single molecules

Two procedures based on the weighted least-squares (LS) and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to confidently analyze single-molecule (SM) fluorescence decays with a total number (N) of 2,500-60,000 counts have been elucidated and experimentally compared by analyzing measured bulk and SM decays. The key observation of this comparison is that the LS systematically underestimates the fluorescence lifetimes by approximately 5%, for the range of 1,000-20,000 events, whereas the MLE method gives stable results over the whole intensity range, even at counts N less than 1,000, where the LS analysis delivers unreasonable values. This difference can be attributed to the different statistics approaches and results from improper weighting of the LS method. As expected from theory, the results of both methods become equivalent above a certain threshold of N detected photons per decay, which is here experimentally determined to be approximately 20,000. In contrast to the bulk lifetime distributions, the SM fluorescence lifetime distributions exhibit standard deviations that are sizably larger than the statistically expected values. This comparison proves the strong influence of the inhomogenuous microenvironment on the photophysical behavior of single molecules embedded in a 10-30-nm thin polymer layer.     

ADC Testing With Verification

An important method for analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) testing is sine wave fitting. In this method, the device is excited with a sine wave, and another sine wave is fitted to the samples at the output of the ADC. The acquisition device can be analyzed by looking at the differences between the fitted signal and the samples. The fit is done using the least-squares (LS) method. If the samples of the error (the difference between the fitted signal and the samples) were random and independent of each other and of the signal, the LS fit would have very good properties. However, when the error is dominated by quantization error, particularly when a low bit number is used or the level of the measured noise is low, these conditions are not fulfilled. The estimation will be biased, and therefore, it must be corrected. The independence of the error samples is more or less true if the sine wave is noisy or dither is used. In these cases, the correction is not necessary. Therefore, it is reasonable to analyze the effect of the potentially unnecessary correction to noisy data, and it is desirable to determine the magnitude of the noise from the measurements. In this paper, these two questions are investigated. The variance of the corrected estimator is investigated, and a new noise estimation method is developed and analyzed.      

Rayleigh阻尼系数解法比较及对结构地震反应影响

Rayleigh阻尼是一种广泛采用的正交阻尼模型。针对一个直径90m,高15m的穹顶结构,分析比较了四种方法(传统方法、最小二乘法、基于多参考振型的加权最小二乘法和基于结构位移峰值误差优化法)所得Rayleigh阻尼系数对结构地震反应计算精度的影响。四条地震波的分析结果表明:基于结构位移峰值误差的优化方法对于结构位移等以低阶模态控制的动力反应量计算精度最高;传统方法存在选择合适第二阶参考频率的难题;而最小二乘法不是计算Rayleigh阻尼系数的合理方法。当结构的显著贡献模态多且不同动力反应相关显著贡献模态的频率有巨大差异时,Rayleigh阻尼模型将无法构造兼顾低阶模态和高阶模态计算精度的阻尼矩阵,此时需要采用更多阶模态的阻尼比等于精确值的阻尼矩阵构造方法。     

基于改进阶比的变速器微弱故障特征提取

提出了一种基于转速调整的改进阶比分析方法,并应用于提取变速器齿轮微弱故障特征。从理论上分析了传统阶比方法分析转速波动信号的局限性,提出了基于转速调整的改进阶比分析方法,采用传统和改进阶比方法对实测转速波动信号进行分析,通过对比证实了转速波动对传统阶比分析结果有较大影响,而改进阶比方法能有效克服该影响,明显改善了分析效果,提高了分析精度。分别采用传统阶比和改进阶比方法对变速器加速振动信号进行分析,结果表明,传统阶比谱不能正确区分齿轮正常与轻微故障状态,而改进阶比谱能清晰反映齿轮正常与轻微故障状态的幅值能量变化,说明改进阶比方法能有效分析转速波动信号并正确提取出微弱故障特征。     

基于小波多尺度分析的股票价格组合预测方法

股票价格是众多因素影响的综合结果,波动规律异常复杂,属于典型的非平稳时间序列。为了对股价进行更有效的预测,提出一种基于小波分析、灰色残差GM(1,1)模型和AR模型的组合预测方法。运用小波分解算法,将股价序列分解成不同尺度上的逼近信号和细节信号,分别重构成低频序列和高频序列,即股价的趋势项和随机项。根据低频序列和高频序列的不同特性,分别采用灰色残差模型和自回归模型对未来股价进行预测,重新组合生成预测价格。实证研究结果表明,该方法比传统的股价预测方法具有更高的预测精度。     

Optimal method of linear regression in laser remote sensing

Remote lidar sensing in the photon-counting mode is now the commonly accepted method for studying atmospheric processes in the lower and free atmosphere. However, when processing signals obtained from lidar measurements, investigators necessarily face the problem of achieving accuracy in reconstructing the atmospheric parameters despite the presence of inhomogeneous noise in the measured signals. We propose an optimal method of linear regression (OMLR) of signals. The accuracy of the the method for the reconstructed signal is estimated. An example of application of the OMLR to the reconstruction of the temperature profile from the data obtained with a Raman lidar at the Siberian Lidar Station of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics (Tomsk, Russia) is given. The proposed method is distinguished by simplicity of interpretation of the criteria used, based on careful adherence to statistical principles. This method is shown to be an efficient auxiliary tool for the processing of measured data.     

基于DTFT的一种低频振动信号相位差测量新方法

现有基于DFT频谱分析的相位差测量方法在测量低频振动信号的相位差时，精度明显下降，甚至无法测量，其主要原因之一是忽略了频谱中的负频率成分贡献。基于离散时问傅里叶变换（DTFT），提出了一种计及负频率影响的低频振动信号相位差测量方法，分别给出了加矩形窗和加汉宁窗对应的相位差计算公式。仿真及实测结果表明，在无噪声背景下，该方法具有很高的精度，误差接近双精度运算的下限；在噪声背景下，其测量精度仍高于传统的DFT频谱分析方法。提出的测量方案简单实用，特别适用于频率很低或接近奈奎斯特频率的振动信号的相位差测量。