均布载荷作用下夹层圆板的载荷—频率特征关系

本文讨论了均布载荷作用下夹层圆板在非线性弯曲静平衡构形附近的微幅自由振动，并利用修正迭代法求解，得到了其固有频率—载荷特征关系     

两种静载荷试验方法的对比

本文对两种静载荷试验方法-传统堆载试桩法与自平衡试桩法在同一场地进行了对比试验研究。结果表明，自平衡测试方法省时省力，结果可靠，具有广泛应用前景。     

通过附加轴承静载荷在线消除油膜振荡故障

提出了一种在线非接触式施加轴承静载荷的方法，以达到增加系统稳定性、在线消除油膜振荡故障的目的。首先运用达朗伯原理结合里茨法建立了非线性非稳态油膜力作用下的多自由度转子-轴承系统的运动方程，并运用变步长的Newmark数值积分方法对非线性系统的稳定性以及附加静载荷对油膜振荡的影响等问题进行了研究。计算结果表明：增加静载荷可以在线改变系统的涡动中心，增加系统的稳定性，从而在线消除油膜振荡，使原来失稳的转子系统又回到稳定的周期运动状态。然后针对这一结论，在一台较大型的高速转子试验台进行试验，通过设计和安装的一个电磁执行器来施加静载荷，并进行了多次实验研究，实验结果和理论结果基本一致。     

5052铝合金胶接接头静强度及疲劳性能研究

运用实验方法研究了胶接接头的静强度及其疲劳性能。对胶接接头进行静力学实验,并在此基础上选用6种不同载荷水平对胶接接头进行疲劳实验,获得了接头的载荷-寿命(F-N)曲线。试验结果表明:胶接接头静强度为同尺寸铝合金板静强度的77.5%,说明胶接接头有较高的静强度。当疲劳载荷水平大于最大静载荷平均值的50%时,接头F-N曲线呈线性趋势变化;随着疲劳载荷水平的不断提高,接头失效形式更多地表现为混合破坏。通过分析疲劳失效接头刚度变化可知:在各疲劳载荷水平下,接头刚度的线性趋势变化在整个疲劳周期内占很大比例,疲劳载荷水平越低,接头刚度降低越慢;接头刚度的变化表明在接头内产生了裂纹并逐步扩展。     

动不平衡对离心机精度的影响

推导了动不平衡所造成的主轴径向位移和角位移量的计算公式，提出了动不平衡对离心机的工作半径影响量和失准角的定量计算方法．通过计算实例说明了动不平衡对所研制盘式离心机精度的影响程度，进而给出了用于调节动平衡的静不平衡量的临界值．为了确保离心机的精度，在加速度计测试前要对离心机进行精确的动平衡，并将静不平衡量控制在静不平衡量临界值的1／10以下．     

复杂载荷下变刚度静不定梁程序化求解

对于有复杂载荷的变刚度静不定梁,常用的方法无法求解。建立一种复杂载荷下变刚度静不定梁求解的通用力学模型,从该模型推导出任一截面的转角和挠度变形方程,由变形方程得出静不定梁程序化求解的通用矩阵。用Matlab语言开发出相应的静不定梁求解程序,实现了对复杂载荷变刚度静不定梁的计算机求解。在静不定梁模型建立和求解推导过程中,不需进行载荷和梁结构的简化,对静不定梁两端的支承形式也没有限制,是一种适于应用计算机编程进行求解的通用计算方法,实际应用效果很好。     

用飞行载荷实测结果修正静强度试验载荷的技术研究

主要研究利用飞机的飞行载荷实测结果修正静强度试验载荷,但由于国内尚不具备对机翼等部件施加60%以上的限制载荷进行校准试验,因此首先利用飞机进行静强度试验的机会,获得飞行载荷测量应变计电桥响应与载荷的关系,确保飞行载荷实测结果可靠,进而研究如何修正静强度试验载荷。     

桩基静载荷测试仪计量时需注意的几个要点

本文介绍了桩基静载荷测试仪的结构及用途,对桩基静载荷测试仪进行计量检测和率定时需要注意的事项进行了说明。     

金属材料表面静摩擦学特性的预测研究——理论模型

对分形几何理论进行了改进,在此基础上建立了法向载荷、最大静摩擦力、静摩擦系数的改进分形模型。通过中间自变量实际接触面积,构建了金属材料结合面静摩擦学特性的预测模型。计算和分析表明：静摩擦系数随着法向载荷或材料特性的增大而微凹弧式增大,但随着分形粗糙度的增加而微凹弧式减小;当分形维数较小时,静摩擦系数随着分形维数的增加而增加;但当分形维数较大时,静摩擦系数随着分形维数的增加而减小;在双常用对数坐标系统下,最大静摩擦力与法向载荷大多呈现出线性正比的关系;分形几何理论适用于法向载荷极小的情况。     

一种纸基摩擦材料的摩擦特性

制备了一种纸基摩擦材料。通过改装QM1000-Ⅱ型摩擦材料性能试验机的盘车装置, 增添静摩擦力矩曲线数据采集和处理程序, 研究了载荷与纸基摩擦材料摩擦力矩特征的关系和对静、动摩擦系数的影响, 得到了静摩擦力矩曲线图。试验结果表明: 测量静摩擦力矩的持续时间与载荷无关, 静、动摩擦力矩随着加载载荷增加而增大, 静摩擦系数随载荷增加而增大, 动摩擦系数随载荷增加而减小, 自动盘车测得的静摩擦系数准确性和可信度高, 试验结果对设计摩擦材料的使用参数和优化摩擦材料的配方工艺有指导意义。      

双模量面板泡沫铝芯夹层圆板的非线性弯曲

采用弹性理论建立了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形夹层板在均布载荷作用下的静力平衡方程,利用静力平衡方程确定了夹层板的中性面位置。在考虑剪切变形影响的基础上,采用能量法研究了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形夹层板的轴对称非线性弯陆问题,求得了夹层板中心挠度与均布载荷的关系式,并把该方法计算结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较,验证了该方法是可靠...     

非均匀热载荷作用下功能梯度梁的非线性静态响应

由于功能梯度材料结构沿厚度方向的非均匀材料特性,使得夹紧和简支条件的功能梯度梁有着相当不同的行为特征。该文给出了热载荷作用下,功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的精确解。基于非线性经典梁理论和物理中面的概念导出了功能梯度梁的非线性控制方程。将两个方程化简为一个四阶积分-微分方程。对于两端夹紧的功能梯度梁,其方程和相应的边界条件构成微分特征值问题;但对于两端简支的功能梯度梁,由于非齐次边界条件,将不会得到一个特征值问题。导致了夹紧与简支的功能梯度梁有着完全不同的行为特征。直接求解该积分-微分方程,得到了梁过屈曲和弯曲变形的闭合形式解。利用这个解可以分析梁的屈曲、过屈曲和非线性弯曲等非线性变形现象。最后,利用数值结果研究了材料梯度性质和热载荷对功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的影响。     

Influence of core hardness on bending strength of tooth in cylindrical gears under quasistatic loading conditions

Dynamically loaded mechanical components can withstand overloading if they are designed by considering sufficient safety of margin for the static strength. In this study, the influence of core hardness on bending static strength of the tooth in cylindrical hardened gears is investigated experimentally. For this purpose, shot peened and unpeened gears having different core hardness and comparable surface hardness are tested on a pulsator test rig, which provides a quasi‐static loading condition by means of a servomotor. All test gears are made of 20MnCr5 steel and have the same geometry (module m = 5 mm). Average static load for fracture is measured. The relationship between the applied load and bending stress is known. Hardness profiles from the surface to the core of the test gears were measured. Strength is assumed to be a function of depth depending hardness to justify fracture initiation on the surface under bending static load conditions. Tooth root failures originating from the surface were observed experimentally. It is found that the shot peening treatment and core hardness have no considerable influence on the bending strength of the tooth under static loading conditions.     

Representative static load models for transient stability analysis: development and examination

Load representation has a significant impact on power system analysis and control results. Currently, static load models are still popular in power industry for transient stability analysis. Dynamic load models are recommended in both industry and academia for possible improvement in analysis accuracy. The accuracy of using static (nonlinear) load models with suitably identified parameters for transient stability analysis is examined. Numerical studies conducted using on-line measurement data indicate that static load models, as compared with induction motor load models, are acceptable for modelling real power behaviours during disturbances and hence are adequate for transient stability analysis. Using multiple sets of on-line measurements, representative model parameters of five static nonlinear load models are derived and their performance in modelling dynamic behaviours of both real and reactive powers is compared. A method is presented to determine a representative set of parameters of static (nonlinear) load models for each loading condition     

一种基于复合材料加筋板结构效率的稳定性优化方法

提出一种以承载效率最高作为目标的新设计方法, 对复合材料加筋板的承载能力进行优化。讨论了不同压缩与弯曲刚度的匹配模式与加筋板临界失稳载荷的关系。将全局失稳载荷、局部失稳载荷与静载荷的接近程度作为结构承载效率的量化标准, 通过静载荷的控制, 使结构的稳定性向着效率最高的方向优化。以宏观的加筋板压缩与弯曲刚度参数作为设计变量, 构建了一种可用于结构效率优化的代理模型, 避免了局部最优点的出现, 更便于数值寻优。通过有限元分析验证, 优化后壁板的临界失稳载荷与所施加的静载荷基本一致, 反映出较高的效率, 从而验证了该方法的可靠性。      

可收卷复合材料层板大变形弯曲性能研究

该文研究了玻璃纤维编织复合材料制成的可收卷层板在大变形条件下的弯曲静力性能和疲劳性能。通过弯曲静力试验得到了试验件在大变形条件下的应变和位移的关系;通过有限元模拟静力试验并与试验结果对照,确定了疲劳试验的载荷;研究了在大变形条件下不同铺层层板的弯曲疲劳寿命及失效模式和相同铺层层板的疲劳寿命曲线。结果表明:复合材料层板在大变形弯曲时具有明显的非线性行为,且(±45°)铺层层板弯曲疲劳性能明显优于(0°/90°)铺层层板;在最小应变和最大应变比不变的情况下,相同铺层层板的弯曲最大应变和对数疲劳寿命之间存在线性关系。     

Nonlinear static response of laminated composite plates by discrete singular convolution method

In this paper, large deflection analysis of laminated composite plates is analysed. Nonlinear governing equation for bending based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in the von Karman sense is presented. These equations have been solved by the method of discrete singular convolution (DSC). Regularized Shannon’s delta (RSD) kernel and Lagrange delta sequence (LDS) kernel are selected as singular convolution to illustrate the present algorithm. The effects of plate aspect ratio, fiber orientation, boundary conditions, thickness-to-side ratio, and applied load on the nonlinear static response of the laminated plate are investigated.     

Circumferential stiffness tailoring of general cross section cylinders for maximum buckling load with strength constraints

Stiffness tailoring of laminated composite structures using steered fibre tows is a design method that maximally uses the directional properties of composite materials. Cylindrical structures usually have circular cross sections while some application, geometric or aerodynamic requirements can necessitate other cross sections, e.g. elliptical. Circumferential tailoring can increase the buckling load of thin cylinders by compensating for non-uniform sectional loading such as bending and/or varying radius of curvature in general cylinders. Here, strength constraints are considered in maximum buckling load design, to ensure that the failure load is greater than the buckling load. A two-step optimisation framework is used to separate the theoretical and manufacturing issues in design. A computationally cheap semi-analytical finite difference method is used to solve the linear static and buckling problems. Conservative failure envelopes based on Tsai-Wu failure criterion are used for strength evaluation. To avoid repetitive analyses, successive convex approximation method is used. For demonstration, circumferential tailoring framework is applied to a circular cylinder under bending and an elliptical cylinder under axial compression. The improvements in buckling capacity of variable over constant stiffness designs are shown and verified using nonlinear buckling analysis in the commercial FEM software Abaqus^TM, and the mechanisms of improvements are investigated.     

考虑地基耦合效应的矩形中厚板的非线性静力分析

基于能量变分原理,考虑板的横向剪切和地基耦合效应,建立了双参数地基上弹性中厚板的非线性控制方程。应用伽辽金法对双参数地基上四边自由矩形中厚板的非线性弯曲问题进行了探讨。数值计算中考虑了系统各种参数变化对弯曲问题的影响。