紫外线辐照HDPE与尼龙－6相容性的研究

采用ＩＲ、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ和拉伸应力－应变曲线研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６的相容性，结果表明，随紫外线辐照时间的增长，ＨＤＰＥ分子链上引入Ｃ＝Ｏ－Ｃ－Ｏ－等极性基团明显增加；ＰＡ６的粒径减小，与基体间界面作用加强；两组分玻璃化温度差（Ｔ_（ｇ，ＰＡ６）－Ｔ_（ｇ，ＨＤＰＥ））减小；共混物拉伸应力－应变曲线上出现屈服点及拉伸冷流塑性形变。当辐照时间达１４４ｈ后，由于ＨＤＰＥ热稳定性明显变差，共混物韧性突降，拉伸应力－应变曲线上未出现屈服点。     

HMW—HDPE与LMW—HDPE的共混改性

选用一种高分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ）和一种低分子量高密度聚乙烯（ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ），对它们的共混行为和共混物的热性能、流动性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明，在研究的共混比范围内，由ＤＳＣ发现双组分体系可能存在共晶相。ＨＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ／ＬＭＷ－＝ＨＤＰＥ共混体系的熔体指数基本符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ粘度加和方程：ＭＩ＝ＭＩ．ＭＩ２。在ＬＭＷ－ＨＤＰＥ质量百分含量为２０％时，共混体系的拉伸     

尼龙1010/HDPE-g-MAH共混体系界面形态及结晶行为的研究

通过Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、密度测定、二甲苯萃取物的ＩＲ分析以及ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ等手段，对尼龙１０１０／ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系的界面形态和结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明，共混体系为热力学不相容体系；在熔融共混过程中，尼龙１０１０和ＨＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ发生化学反应，生成的接枝共聚物起到了共混体系相容剂的作用，分散和界面形态明显改善；共混体系中两相的结晶行为也受到影响，尼龙组分的熔融热焓明显下降。     

PPO/SEBS-g-MAH共混体系的冲击断面和微观形变过程

用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了ＰＰＯ／ＳＥＢＳ和ＰＰＯ／ＳＥＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混物的常温缺口冲击断面,发现ＰＰＯ／ＳＥＢＳ共混体系的冲击断布有大量韧窝;ＰＰＯ／ＳＥＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共混体系由呈现中心为棒,四周为环的冲击断面形貌,对ＰＰＯ／ＳＥＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ冲击断的应力发白区的ＳＥＭ观察结果表明在冲击断面下方,合金发生大的取向;ＴＥＭ的观察结果显示在应力发白区内,弹性体周围存在大量的微穴,未发现     

紫外线辐照HDPE／PA6共混物界面相互作用的研究

采用ＥＳＣＡ、Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ、ＤＭＡ、抽滤分析、ＦＴ－ＩＲ和拉抻应力－应弯曲线，研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６共混物的界面相互作用机理。结果表明，紫外线辐照下，ＨＤＰＥ分子链上引入Ｃ＝Ｏ、ＣＯＯＨ、－ＯＨ、－ＯＯＨ、－Ｃ－Ｏ－等极性基因；在与ＰＡ６熔融共混过程中， 的Ｃ＝Ｏ、ＣＯＯＨ等基团与ＰＡ６分子我寂的酰胺基或端胺基发生化学反应，生成ＨＤＰＥ－ＰＡ６共聚物。共聚物的形成增强了     

用MBO(口恶)唑啉合成LDPE/PS合金相容剂及其对合金的增容作用

采用１,３－双－（恶唑啉基）－苯为偶联剂通过反应性加工实现ＰＳ－ｇＭＡｎ和氯化聚乙烯之间反应方法来合成ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混体系相容剂,在ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混体系中加入１０％此相容剂,其冲击强度提高２．３倍,拉伸强度和弯曲强度也有所提高。通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ和ＤＳＣ分析表征表明加入此相容剂后,ＬＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物的相容性有显著改善。     

离聚物对PET／LDPE共混物的结构与性能研究

用双螺杆挤出机反应性挤出的方法合成了低密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸镧（ＬＤＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＬａ）离聚物。与其它方法相比，该法具有工艺简单，易于工业化生产的特点。我们将离聚物与ＰＥＴ，ＬＤＰＥ在双螺杆挤出机上熔融共混挤出，并用注射成型机制备标准样条，对共混物力学性能进行了测试，发现离聚物有显著的增韧效果，另外，通过ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，溶解性实验，分子量的测定等还考察了离聚物对ＰＥＴ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的结构影响。     

紫外线辐照HDPE与尼龙—6相容性的研究

采用ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ，ＤＳＣ和拉伸应力－应变曲线研究了紫外线辐照ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６的相容性，结果表明，随紫外线辐照时间的增长，ＨＤＰＥ分子链上引入〉Ｃ＝Ｏ－Ｃ－Ｏ－等极基团明显增加；ＰＡ６的粒径减小，与基体间界面作用加强；两组分玻璃化温度差减小；共混物拉伸应力－应变曲线上出现屈服点及拉伸冷流塑性形变。     

EPDM磺酸镁盐对HDPE填充体系力学性能影响的研究

合成了三元乙丙橡胶磺酸镁盐（Ｍｇ－ＳＥＰＤＭ）离聚体，测定了该离聚体的磺化度，研究了ＨＤＰＥ／Ｍｇ－ＳＥＰＤＭ／金属氢氧化物三元体系的力学性能，通过ＳＥＭ和多功能内耗仪对该体系的形态结构和动态力学性能进行了探讨。结果表明，Ｍｇ－ＳＥＰＤＭ中的离子基团通过物理交联可以增加ＨＤＰＥ的韧性，增强ＨＤＰＥ与金属氢氧化物的界面强度，提高体系的综合力学性能。     

HDPE／PS／HDPE－g－PS合金的相容性和力学性能研究

用自制接枝共聚物ＧＲ－Ⅰ、ＧＲ－Ⅱ相容剂研究其对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混物相容性和力学性能的影响。通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ、ＤＳＣ和力学性能测试表征，表明在ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＳ共混中加入这些相容剂其相容性和力学性能有一定提高     

挤出共混中的高剪切应力对HDPE/滑石粉共混材料力学性能的影响

采用在材料熔融挤出共混过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力对HDPE和HDPE/滑石粉材料的熔体流动速率、界面结合状况及力学性能的影响。结果表明:双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进超细滑石粉颗粒聚集体的分散、引发HDPE分子链的断链反应、引起共混材料界面结合力的加强和拉伸强度及弯曲模量的明显增大;一定量的极性烯类单体的加入有利于所形成的HDPE大分子自由基与极性烯类单体的接枝(嵌段)反应和原位增粘作用,能明显改善HDPE/滑石粉共混材料的力学性能。     

原位增容HAPE／PET共混体系结构与性能的研究

采用ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ及ＴＧＡ研究了ＨＤＰＥ－ＰＥＴ共混体系在增容剂ＥＶＡＳ及ＥＡＡ作用下的结晶性,继口的形态结构及热稳定性。结果表明,ＥＶＡ及ＥＡＡ的加入使ＨＤＰＥ－ＰＥＴ体系中ＨＤＰＥ组分的熔融热焓降低,结晶度下降,但熔融峰位置和晶胞结构基本保持不变;从扫描电镜照片可以观察到ＥＶＡ及ＥＡＡ对共混体系具有一定的增容作用,且ＥＡＡ的效果优于ＥＶＡ;共混体系的热稳定性随ＥＶＡ及ＥＡＡ的加入有所     

界面粘结对PET／尼龙66共混物结晶行为和力学性能的影响

利用ＳＥＭ、ＤＳＣ等方法，比较了尼龙６和尼龙６６对ＰＥＴ结晶的异相成核作用，研究了界面粘结状况对ＰＥＴ／尼龙６６共混物结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明，尼龙６６对ＰＥＴ结晶的成核能力优于尼龙６。虽然界面粘结听改善不利于ＰＥＴ／尼龙６６共混物的结晶，但是经明显提高了共混物的力学性能。     

具有高界面压应力的高分子共混物Ⅰ.制备和拉伸性能

考察了高界面压应力对不相容聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)和聚碳酸酯(PC)/PE共混物拉伸性能的影响.高界面压应力是共混物低温成型(PE的成型温度)时,分散相与基体从加工温度冷却到室温过程中基体的收缩比分散相粒子大产生的.尽管PET/PE和PC/PE共混物极不相容,但拉伸强度和模量随着PET和PC含量增加而增加.PET与PC含量相同时,PC/PE的拉伸强度和模量高于PET/PE的.采用Takayanangi方程计算共混物的拉伸模量时,具有高界面压应力的PC/PE共混物的拉伸强度高于界面有良好粘结的共混物的理论值,表明在不添加增容剂时,可通过控制加工条件改善共混物界面相互作用,提高共混材料的性能.     

Brittle–ductile transition behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene-octene) blend: the roles of compatibility and test temperature

In this study, we attempted to elucidate the Brittle–ductile transition (BDT) behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene-octene) (POE) blends under different situations of interfacial compatibility and test temperature. To modulate the compatibility between PET and PEO, maleic anhydride grafted POE (mPOE) was selected as compatibilizer. Three kinds of elastomeric additives, 100 % POE, mPOE/POE (15/85 w/w), and 100 % mPOE, were blended with PET, resulting in three compatibility situations, namely, poor, moderate, and strong interfacial adhesion, respectively. The impact toughness as a function of elastomer content was measured under different interfacial adhesions and test temperature, and microscopic morphology was revealed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the interfacial adhesion determines the fashion of microvoiding and even the matrix shear yielding deformation, which will significantly affect the BDT behavior and its response to test temperature. Our study provides not only an effective route to prepare supertoughened PET blends (improved for 20 folds as comparing to the neat PET), but also a fresh insight into the importance of interfacial adhesion on the toughening of thermoplastic/elastomer system.     

Characterization of polyethylene terephthalate/polyaniline blends as potential antioxidant materials

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) blends with a nanorod form of polyaniline (NR-PANI), formed by a falling pH synthesis, were prepared by dispersion in a melt of PET at 265 °C. Blends with 1, 2 and 3 wt% NR-PANI loading were prepared. Optical microscopy revealed an even distribution of NR-PANI particles within the PET matrix. The blends were characterized using FTIR, XPS, DSC and DMTA. Melt flow index values suggested hydrolysis of PET chains to lower molecular weight units when NR-PANI was blended. Some PET hydrolysis was also evident from the increasing oxygen to carbon ratios with an increased NR-PANI content in the blends. While the PET glass transition temperature remained relatively unaffected, the degree of PET crystallinity was increased with the addition of NR-PANI. The electrical conductivity as well as the free radical scavenging capacity of PET increased with greater NR-PANI loading in the matrix. The mechanical properties of PET, however, declined with NR-PANI loading suggesting a lack of adequate interfacial adhesion between the NR-PANI particles and the PET matrix.     

高密度聚乙烯/尼龙6共混物的形态结构对其性能的影响

本文利用微层共挤方法制备了具有层状交替结构的HDPE/PA6共混物,利用常规熔融共混挤出方法制备了与层状共混物具有相同组成比的海岛结构共混物。通过DSC,FT-IR及力学性能测试等方法研究了共混物的形态结构对其界面化学反应、结晶行为和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在共混物中引入少量马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯时,化学反应在界面进行,与海岛结构的共混物界面面积相比,层状共混物的界面接触面积小,界面化学反应相对较弱,但层状共混物的屈服强度和断裂伸长率有大幅度提高。层状结构对HDPE和PA6的结晶行为影响很小。     

High molecular weight plasticizers in thermoplastic starch/polyethylene blends

In this study thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared with four different molecular weight polyol plasticizers: glycerol, sorbitol, diglycerol and polyglycerol. Diglycerol-TPS (DTPS) and polyglycerol-TPS (PTPS) show significantly lower moisture uptake and a higher temperature stability when compared to conventional glycerol-TPS (GTPS). TPS formulations were blended with HDPE at a concentration of 20 TPS/80 HDPE wt% and a range of interfacial modifier contents via a one-step extrusion process. The emulsification curves of the blends, which track the volume and number average diameter of the dispersed TPS domains with per cent interfacial modifier, show significantly different profiles and a non-correspondence between the d _n and d _v values at the critical concentration for interfacial saturation. The addition of small amounts of interfacial modifier to the blends prepared with diglycerol and polyglycerol results in TPS dispersed phases of wide polydispersity with droplets in the order of 200–300 nm coexisting with droplets of 5–7 µm. This wide polydispersity of TPS phase size can give insight into the mechanism of droplet formation in these systems with interfacial modifier and is indicative of an erosion-type mechanism, where small portions of the TPS droplet break off at the outer part of the droplet. Blends prepared with GTPS and sorbitol-TPS do not display this behaviour and show a more classic correspondence of d _n and d _v at the critical concentration. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows miscible behaviour for DTPS and PTPS and partially miscible behaviour for GTPS. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of ether bonds in the chemical structure of diglycerol and polyglycerol. The increased chain flexibility and lower cohesive energy forces of diglycerol and polyglycerol lead to a more homogeneous TPS phase and consequently an erosion-type compatibilization at the interface. The mechanical properties of blends prepared with polyglycerol and diglycerol show a similar overall behaviour to glycerol.     

尼龙6／“壳—核”型聚合物共混合金的力学性能与亚微形态

采用以ＰＭＭＡ为壳，聚丙烯酸丁酯为核心的“壳－核”型聚合物作为冲击性剂，并以双酚Ａ型环氧树脂（ＤＧＥＢＡ）为增容剂，通过反应挤出法制备了尼龙６／“壳－核”型聚合物共混合金。对合金力学性能与亚微形态的研究表明，在合金中添加ＤＧＥＢＡ可以显著改善尼龙６与“壳－核”型聚合物的界面粘接性和相容性，从而大幅度地提高了合金的缺口冲击强度，同时合金的断理解伸长率与显著提高。Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ动态扭矩显示，ＤＧＥ