不同反应途径制备TiO_2/石墨烯复合材料及其光电催化性能研究

以氧化石墨烯和Ti(SO4)2为初始反应物,通过不同的反应途径制得两种TiO2/石墨烯复合材料。途径一是利用Ti(SO4)2水解,在氧化石墨烯层间成核生长纳米TiO2颗粒,制得TiO2/氧化石墨烯复合材料,再通过还原反应,制得TiO2/石墨烯复合材料。途径二是将氧化石墨烯还原制得石墨烯,再利用Ti(SO4)2水解,在石墨烯层间成核生长而制得TiO2/石墨烯复合材料。通过XRD、FE-SEM、HR-TEM、BET和电化学性能测试等测试手段对复合材料进行表征。以复合材料为工作电极,在可见光照射(λ420nm)和外加电极电压的条件下,通过光电催化降解酸性红B对复合材料的催化性能进行研究。结果表明,(1)不同的反应途径对复合材料的多方面性质有较大影响;(2)途径一所制得的复合材料具有更加优良的光电催化性能。     

可见光响应RGO/TiO_2复合材料制备及性能研究

以内蒙古兴和县天然石墨为前驱体,用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),并以硫酸钛[Ti(SO4)2]为钛源,采用水热法制备了系列还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)/二氧化钛(TiO_2)复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR及UV-Vis等对样品进行测试,并以甲基橙溶液为目标污染物评价其可见光光催化性能。结果表明:制得的RGO/TiO_2复合材料中TiO_2均以锐钛矿型存在,颗粒尺寸7nm左右,光响应范围扩至可见区,具有较高的可见光光催化活性;当GO掺杂量为0.10g时制得的复合材料,在氙灯照射10min后对甲基橙的降解率可达88.41%,照射30min时的降解率可达到96%以上。     

热还原法制备氧化石墨烯/TiO_2复合材料及其光催化性能研究

采用Hummers法制得氧化石墨烯,以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用原位溶胶-凝胶技术制备了氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合材料,进一步经过加热还原的方法,制备热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂,通过FT-IR、XRD、Raman、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis光谱等对产物进行了表征,并测试了该复合光催化剂在可见光下对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明,制备的复合光催化剂主晶相为锐钛矿型TiO2,热还原氧化石墨烯表面富集的颗粒尺寸15nm左右,颗粒分布均匀。热还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合光催化剂在可见光下具有优异的光催化性能。     

硫掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极制备及其可见光光电催化性能

为了提高TiO2/Ti光电极在可见光下的光电催化活性,采用阳极氧化法制备了一种新型的硫掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线荧光光谱等技术对光电极进行了表面形貌、结晶形态、晶粒尺寸、硫的掺杂量和价态以及吸光性能表征.研究表明:硫掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极的最佳制备条件为:成膜电压160V、电流密度100mA/cm2、Na2SO3质量浓度750mg/L;所制备的光电极具有良好的光电催化氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯活性,并能有效地矿化其中间产物;与TiO2/Ti电极相比,硫的掺杂可以显著提高其在可见光下的光电催化性能.     

高性能聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

采用化学氧化法制得氧化石墨烯(GO),再用NaBH4还原得到石墨烯(GN);以二氧化锰为氧化剂,室温下通过化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料(PANI/GN)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线衍射(XRD)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以PANI/GN为活性物质制备电极,1.0mol/L H2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流充放电技术分别测试了PANI/GN电化学性能,在0.1A/g的电流密度下的比容量为468.5F/g,经过1000次连续充放电,电容保持率为84.9%。与PANI、GN单一材料相比,PANI/GN复合物具有较高的比电容和很好的循环稳定性。     

还原氧化石墨烯/Mn_3O_4纳米复合材料的合成及其在超级电容器中的应用

以改进的Hummers法所制氧化石墨烯/硫酸锰(GO/MnSO4)悬浊液为原料,原位合成GO/MnO2复合物,再经低温热处理制备还原氧化石墨烯/Mn3O4(rGO/Mn3O4)纳米复合材料。通过改变GO/MnSO4悬浊液中MnSO4的质量含量实现rGO/Mn3O4复合物中Mn3O4质量分数的可控调变。该法充分利用氧化石墨烯原液中的锰离子,可节省原料,同时可避免氧化石墨烯繁琐的分离过程并简化实验步骤。所得复合材料作为超级电容器电极材料展现良好的电化学电容性能,在饱和K2SO4电解质溶液和50 mA·g-1的电流密度下,Mn3O4质量含量为88%时其比电容达284 F·g-1。     

TiO2/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

本文以氧化石墨烯和钛酸丁酯为原料,利用水热法一步制备了TiO2/石墨烯复合光催化材料,研究了氧化石墨烯用量、反应温度、反应时间对TiO2/石墨烯复合材料光催化活性的影响。采用XRD,SEM,TEM和氮气吸附-脱附实验(BET)对复合光催化材料的物相、颗粒粒径、形貌及比表面积进行了表征。结果表明,本实验最佳条件是:氧化石墨烯1mg,制备温度为180℃,反应时间为16 h。产物中的TiO2为锐钛矿晶型,其平均粒径约为18 nm。复合材料的比表面积为170m2/g,平均孔径为12.45 nm。在可见光照射(λ>420nm)下以TiO2/石墨烯为光催化剂对有机染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)进行光催化降解,其光催化活性明显高于相同条件下制备的TiO2。     

碳化细菌纤维素/石墨烯(CBC/CCG)复合材料的制备及电化学性能研究

将氧化石墨烯(GO)与碳化细菌纤维素(CBC)(7∶3,质量比)超声复合,用水合肼原位还原制得碳化细菌纤维素/石墨烯(CBC/CCG)复合材料。利用动态力显微镜(DFM)、扫描显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)对其形貌、结构进行表征。并通过循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒流充放电测试等方法比较了CBC/CCG复合材料和石墨烯(CCG)作为超级电容器电极在6mol/L KOH溶液中的电容性能。结果表明,在10mA/cm2电流密度下,CCG比容量为87.79F/g,CBC/CCG复合材料的比容量达到168.99F/g,CBC/CCG复合材料的电化学性能要优于CCG,具有良好应用前景。     

石墨烯/Ni/TiO_2/CNTs复合物的制备及其光催化性能

首先通过溶剂热法,在石墨烯表面负载掺杂镍的纳米二氧化钛膜,制备石墨烯/Ni/TiO2复合材料;然后以掺杂的镍为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法,原位生长碳纳米管(CNTs),得到石墨烯/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、拉曼等方法对制备样品的晶型、微观形貌等进行了表征,考察了样品在紫外光及可见光下对甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果表明:石墨烯和CNTs的加入使得Ni/TiO2、石墨烯/Ni/TiO2、石墨烯/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合物的光催化活性依次提高,并且石墨烯/Ni/TiO2/CNTs复合物中石墨烯含量越多时,所得复合物的光催化降解性能越好。石墨烯含量最大的石墨烯/Ni/TiO2/CNTs样品,在紫外光下对甲基橙的降解率达到98%,在可见光下的光催化降解效率比掺镍TiO2提高了3.5倍。     

尖晶石锰铁氧体复合材料MnFe_2O_4@RGO的制备及电化学性能研究

采用尖晶石锰铁氧体材料(MnFe_2O_4)和氧化石墨烯(GO),通过水热法成功制得尖晶石锰铁氧体复合材料(MnFe_2O_4@RGO),并对制得的MnFe_2O_4@RGO进行SEM、XRD和电化学测试。实验结果表明:在EG∶DEG的体积配合比为20∶0条件下,制得的MnFe_2O_4@RGO电化学信号最强,循环伏安氧化峰电流强度最高可达到93μA,具有良好的电化学性能。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.