求解变截面梁变形的快速解析法

对于有复杂载荷的变刚度梁,常用的方法无法求得解析解。该文提出了一种快速求解变截面梁变形解析解的连续分段独立一体化积分法。该法首先将梁进行连续分段,建立一种复杂载荷下变刚度梁求解的通用力学模型,从该模型推导出任一截面的具有四阶导数的挠曲线微分方程。然后独立积分四次,得到挠度的通解。再根据边界条件和连续性条件确定积分常数。在连续曲线形变截面梁模型建立和求解推导过程中,不需进行载荷和梁结构的简化,直接用符号运算软件编制对梁变形求解解析解的程序,实现了对复杂载荷变刚度梁解析解的计算机求解。该文采用连续分段独立一体化积分法求得了阶梯形变截面梁、等高变宽变截面梁和等宽变高变截面梁等三个工程实例的解析解。工程实例表明,该方法建立数学模型简单,计算编程程式化,可以快速求得解析解。     

复杂载荷下变刚度超静定梁快速解析求解

采用连续分段独立一体化积分法求解了复杂载荷下变刚度超静定梁的弯曲变形问题。该方法首先将梁进行连续分段,建立复杂载荷下变刚度梁的通用力学模型,从该模型推导出任一截面的具有四阶导数的挠度微分方程;然后独立积分四次,得到挠度的通解;再根据边界条件和连续性条件确定积分常数;编写了相应数学模型的求解解析解程序。在连续曲线形变刚度超静定梁模型建立和求解推导过程中,不需进行载荷和梁结构的简化。采用该方法求解了阶梯截面超静定梁,惯性矩按坐标平方规律变化超静定梁和惯性矩按坐标四次方规律变化超静定梁等三个工程实例的解析解。结果表明,连续分段独立一体化积分法编程程式化,与有限元法相比,其优越性是可以快速得到一体化的弯曲变形解析解。     

复杂载荷下多层刚架的快速解析求解

对于有复杂载荷的多层刚架,常用的方法无法求得解析解。提出了一种快速求解多层刚架解析解的连续分段独立一体化积分法。该方法首先将刚架进行连续分段,建立一种复杂载荷下刚架求解的通用力学模型,从该模型推导出任一截面的具有四阶导数的挠度微分方程。然后独立积分四次,得到挠度的通解。再根据边界条件、力边界条件和连续性条件确定积分常数。用MAPLE语言开发出相应的求解解析解程序,实现了对复杂载荷多层刚架解析解的计算机求解。在多层刚架模型建立和求解推导过程中,不需进行载荷和刚架结构的简化,工程实例表明,连续分段独立一体化积分法编程程式化,可以得到一体化解析解,不仅适用于静定刚架,而且适用于超静定刚架。     

轴向变速运动弯曲梁的固有频率分析

基于动力刚度矩阵法对轴向变速运动弯曲梁的固有频率进行分析,根据Hamilton原理,推导轴向变速运动弯曲梁的时域控制方程和边界条件,通过傅里叶变换得到频域控制方程和边界条件,求解频域控制方程,并结合位移边界条件和载荷边界条件,建立轴向变速运动弯曲梁的动力刚度矩阵模型;引入Hermite形式的形函数,建立了轴向变速运动弯曲梁的有限元模型。算例中,通过对比现有文献中的结果、有限元模型结果和动力刚度矩阵法模型结果,验证了该文所建立的力学模型,动力刚度矩阵法比有限元法具有更高的精度和效率,分析了轴向变速运动弯曲梁固有频率随着弯曲梁轴向运动速度、加速度、轴向受力、边界条件的变化规律。     

加筋平托盘面板复杂载荷下最大挠度算法研究

根据板的小变形理论,结合加筋平托盘的简化模型以及变厚度板的挠度方程,推导出在地面承载、叉举和上架等3种不同工况下加筋平托盘受到复杂载荷时的最大挠度方程。由于载荷函数和弯曲刚度函数都是关于x,y的函数,其求解相当复杂,因此对其作离散化处理,离散化的最大挠度方程易于编程,且为研究平托盘面板结构对最大变形的影响提供了便利的途径。研究表明,离散化的最大近似挠度方程能够保证精度要求,其相对误差小于0.4%。最后展示了该算法的软件应用实例。     

复合材料变截面旋转薄壁悬臂梁自由振动分析

基于拉格朗日方程推导出复合材料封闭变截面旋转薄壁梁的自由振动方程。与基于哈密顿原理的动力学建模方法相比,该文所采用的方法更为简洁。此外,在薄壁梁的结构模型中还考虑除横向剪切外的扭转、拉伸和弯曲引起的翘曲,具有考虑翘曲因素多的特点。给出了两种刚度配置下的变矩形截面旋转悬臂直梁的自由振动方程简化形式及其相应的迦辽金法求解的固有频率。基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,计算了薄壁变截面旋转悬臂梁的固有频率,并且与迦辽金法的求解结果进行了对比。分析了复合材料的弹性耦合、铺层角度、截面变化和旋转速度对薄壁梁的自由振动的影响。     

一次超静定理想弹塑性梁的全过程分析

本文研究了集中载荷作用下,一种一次超静定理想弹塑性矩形横截面梁的全部受力变形过程。受力变形可分为四个阶段：弹性阶段、一部分区域产生塑性变形阶段、另外一部分区域也产生塑性变形阶段以及固定端为塑性铰直到形成塑性破损机构阶段。文中推导了各个阶段的挠度曲线方程,建立了求解积分常数和支反力的方程组,利用这些方程计算了部分支反力、各阶段结束时的挠曲线和载荷值以及几种特定载荷下的弯矩图。     

基于静力凝聚的高精度变截面梁单元及其几何非线性分析研究

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁单元基本假定,通过静力凝聚获得截面特性沿单元轴向连续变化的变截面梁单元高精度刚度矩阵,并提出一种基于随动坐标法求解变截面梁杆结构大位移、大转动、小应变问题的新思路。首先依据插值理论和非线性有限元理论推导出三节点变截面梁单元的切线刚度矩阵,然后使用静力凝聚方法消除中间节点自由度,从而得到一种新型非线性两节点变截面梁单元。结合随动坐标法,在变形后位形上建立随动坐标系,得到变截面梁单元的大位移全量平衡方程。实例计算表明,该新型变截面梁单元具有较高的计算精度,可应用于变截面梁杆系统大位移几何非线性分析。     

一类考虑温度效应的截面插值梁模型

提出了一种截面插值梁模型,利用该模型求解梁在非均匀热载荷作用下的动静态响应,解决了传统梁理论无法处理受不均匀温度场的梁的问题。利用拉格朗日插值函数对梁单元的截面和轴向分别插值,构造梁的位移场。将位移场代入热弹性动力学方程,得到单元应变和应力,再依据虚功原理推导出单元刚度矩阵、质量矩阵以及等效节点载荷列阵,求解得到热应力。利用热应力的横向剪切力更新单元刚度矩阵,计算梁在热载荷作用下的振动特性。计算结果表明,该方法得到的结果与实体单元模型结果吻合,并且更易于处理受非均匀热载荷作用的细长结构,同时能很好地反映截面的形状、受载及响应结果。     

复合材料封闭变截面薄壁梁自由振动分析

摘要：基于拉格朗日方程建立了复合材料封闭变截面薄壁梁的自由振动微分方程,给出了两种刚度配置下的变矩形截面悬臂直梁的自由振动方程简化形式及其相应的迦辽金法求解的固有频率。基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,计算了薄壁变截面悬臂梁的固有频率,并且与迦辽金法的求解结果进行了对比。分析了复合材料的弹性耦合,铺层角度和截面变化对薄壁梁的自由振动的影响。     

弹性剪切连接组合梁的应力计算方法

在桥梁结构中组合梁的弹性计算是一项重要的内容,然而要精确计算组合梁在弹性剪切连接(即有滑移)时的应力,须用到微分方程的解析解,在简单荷载作用下的静定结构还可得到这些解析解,但当荷载形式较复杂或为超静定结构时,要得到解析解就很困难了.目前还没有即简便,精度又高的实用计算方法,在<钢结构规范>[1](GB50017-200...     

板柱结构矩形弹性板弯曲精确解法

板柱结构是工程中经常采用的受力体系,但至今尚无一种精确解法分析板中内力分布。将板柱结构矩形板的弯曲划分为广义静定和广义超静定二类。对于前者利用静力平衡条件确定柱支反力后撤去柱支座,柱支条件下板的弯曲即转换为四边自由矩形板在原荷载和柱支反力共同作用下的弯曲。挠度表达式采用了新的通解形式,其变形曲线符合四边自由边界所限定的变形特征,并采用组合特解,即特解同时满足平衡微分方程,自由边界上剪力分布条件及自由角点上作用力条件,从而可以利用四边边界条件和柱支座处的位移条件直接求解。对于广义超静定弯曲需要利用叠加法求解。这种解法可以分析板柱结构在任意柱支条件下和任意荷载作用下板的弯曲。通过逆向分析验证法真实地说明了本解法具有很高的计算精度。     

基于裂纹诱导弦挠度的Timoshenko梁裂纹无损检测

研究了基于Timoshenko梁静态挠度识别梁中裂纹位置及损伤程度的计算方法。首先,将梁开闭裂纹等效为单向旋转弹簧,利用Delta函数和Heaviside函数,得到了具有任意开闭裂纹数目梁的等效抗弯刚度,求得了开闭裂纹Timoshenko梁弯曲变形的显式闭合通解,给出了闭合通解待定常数的迭代求解方法。其次,建立了裂纹诱导弦挠度函数,证明了在裂纹处裂纹诱导弦挠度曲线斜率存在突变,为裂纹位置识别提供了理论依据。在此基础上,给出了裂纹等效旋转弹簧刚度的近似计算公式。最后,通过数值试验,将所建立的方法分别应用于裂纹位置及损伤程度已知的简支和固支Timosheoko梁裂纹位置识别和损伤程度计算,结果表明该文建立的裂纹损伤识别方法不仅具有一般的适用性,而且具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

COMPUTER-AIDED MINIMUM-WEIGHT DESIGN OF STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS

The paper presents minimum-weight design of statically indeterminate beams subject to limits on normal and shear stresses. The loading consists of both external loads and self-weight. Analytical expressions for the stress constraints and the objective function are replaced by splines of desired order leading to a linear or non-linear programming problem (NLP) depending on the cross-sectional shape. It is found that the solution method based on a reduction of the NLP to a sequence of linear programs is the most efficient and reliable. The solution of the optimization problem is presented in a visual form using an existing CAD-package.     

Flexural performance of FRP reinforced concrete beams

A numerical method for estimating the curvature, deflection and moment capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams is developed. Force equilibrium and strain compatibility equations for a beam section divided into a number of segments are numerically solved due to the non-linear behaviour of concrete. The deflection is then obtained from the flexural rigidity at mid-span section using the deflection formula for various load cases. A proposed modification to the mid-span flexural rigidity is also introduced to account for the experimentally observed wide cracks over the intermediate support of continuous FRP reinforced concrete beams.     

Influence of infill properties on flexural rigidity of 3D-printed structural members

ABSTRACT

This paper characterises the flexural properties of relatively slender structural members (beams) manufactured using a FDM-based 3D printer. The primary goal is to assess the influence of infill properties on flexural rigidity through a parametric investigation. Infill percentage, infill orientation, and member thickness provided the parametric variation. The beams were tested by three-point bending, free vibration, and buckling. The tests showed that flexural rigidity varied linearly with infill percentage over most of the range considered, but fell off quickly below 10% infill. The optimal infill percentage that maximised specific flexural rigidity (flexural rigidity to length density) of the beams was determined to be between 10% and 20%.     

受火后叠合板组合梁受力性能试验研究

为研究受火后叠合板组合梁的受力性能,分别对五个火灾后叠合板组合梁和一个常温下叠合板组合梁进行静力加载试验,研究了后浇层厚度、栓钉间距、预制底板在钢梁上翼缘的搁置长度、预制底板接缝形式、是否受火等因素对叠合板组合梁的破坏形态、承载能力和抗弯刚度的影响。结果表明:火灾后整体式叠合板组合梁的极限承载力较分离式叠合板组合梁提高9%;后浇层厚度和栓钉间距是影响火灾后整体式叠合板组合梁初始抗弯刚度的主要因素;火灾前后整体式叠合板组合梁在荷载作用下均发生受弯破坏,且破坏形态基本相同,但经历火灾高温作用后,整体式叠合板组合梁出现裂缝的时间提前,其抗弯承载力和延性均有不同程度的降低,本次试验中火灾后整体式叠合板组合梁在荷载作用下的抗弯承载力和延性较常温下分别降低23.3%和55.4%;分离式叠合板组合梁中预制底板接缝的存在,破坏了预制底板的连续性,造成试件发生粘结破坏,但在远离接缝处,叠合板的协同工作性能良好;提出火灾后叠合板组合梁剩余承载力和抗弯刚度的计算方法,该方法具有良好的精度。     

Exact solutions for the buckling and postbuckling of shear-deformable beams

The buckling and postbuckling of beams is revisited taking into account both the influence of axial compressibility and shear deformation. A theory based on Reissner’s geometrically exact relations for the plane deformation of beams is adopted, in which the stress resultants depend linearly on the generalized strain measures. The equilibrium equation is derived in a general form that holds for the statically determinate and indeterminate combinations of boundary conditions representing the four fundamental buckling cases. The eigenvalue problem is recovered by consistent linearization of the governing equations, the critical loads at which the trivial solution bifurcates are determined, and the influence of shear on the buckling behavior is investigated. By a series of transformations, the equilibrium equation is rearranged such that it allows a representation of the solution in terms of elliptic integrals. Additionally, closed-form relations are provided for the displacement of the axis, from which buckled shapes are eventually obtained. Even for slender beams, for which shear deformation can usually be neglected, both the buckling and the postbuckling behavior turn out to be affected by shear not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively.     

Variability response functions for beams with nonlinear constitutive laws

The ability to determine probabilistic information of response quantities in structural mechanics (e.g. displacements, stresses) is restricted due to lack of information on the probabilistic characteristics of uncertain system parameters. The concept of the Variability Response Function (VRF) has been proposed as a means to systematically capture the effect of the stochastic spectral characteristics of uncertain system parameters modeled by homogeneous stochastic fields on the uncertain structural response. The key property of the VRF in its classical sense is its independence from the marginal probability distribution function (PDF) and the spectral density function (SDF) of the uncertain system parameters (it depends only on the deterministic structural configuration and boundary conditions). In this paper, the existence, the uniqueness, and the SDF- and PDF-independence of a variability response function is formally proven for the first time for statically determinate beam structures following a specific class of nonlinear constitutive laws (power laws). For statically indeterminate nonlinear structures, the generalized variability response function (GVRF) methodology is shown to produce GVRFs for statically indeterminate nonlinear beams with a square-root constitutive law that are almost SDF-independent and only mildly dependent on the marginal PDF. This PDF-dependence is not significant and all GVRFs computed in this study have very similar shapes. This is important as it implies that conclusions related to the effect of correlation length scales on the response uncertainty can be inferred in general. However, the GVRF methodology for nonlinear statically indeterminate structures is only suitable when a closed-form expression is known to exist for the VRF of statically determinate structures having the same constitutive law.     

高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固混凝土及预应力混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究

该文侧重研究了采用高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固技术三面加固普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁和预应力混凝土(PRC)梁的抗弯性能.进行了6 片RC 梁及5 片PRC 梁的抗弯静载试验,探讨了不同初始损伤程度、有效预应力大小和加载方式等对高强钢绞线网——渗透性聚合物砂浆加固梁的抗弯性能影响.结果表明:采用高强钢绞线网——聚合物砂浆加固技术加固RC/PRC梁能够有效抑制裂缝的开展,能有效地提高RC/PRC 加固梁的抗弯承载能力和抗弯刚度;重复加载会导致加固梁刚度一定程度的退化,初始损伤程度大小不会显著改变加固后RC/PRC梁的抗弯承载力;该文研究对于大量既有RC/PRC梁的抗弯加固具有一定的参考价值.