扩散泵抽速及动态流量法校准中有效抽速的研究

本文通过简单的数学推导，给出了Ｑ／Ｐ和Ｑ／ΔＰ 两种扩散泵抽速表达式，并从物理意义上解释了它们的区别。在此基础上阐明了动态流量法校准中的有效抽速Ｓ＂（Ｓ＂＝Ｑ／Ｐ－Ｐ０）何以为一常量的理由。文中给出有关实验数据。     

真空蒸发沉积聚苯胺—TCNQ复合薄膜的STM研究

利用扫描隧道显微镜对真空蒸发沉积的聚苯胺－ＴＣＮＱ（ＰＡＮＩ－ＴＣＮＱ）复合薄膜、纯聚苯胺薄膜及纯ＴＣＮＱ薄膜试样进行了对比分析。研究发现,纯ＰＡＮＩ薄膜和纯ＴＣＮＱ薄膜都是绝缘膜,而用ＴＣＮＱ挽杂获得具有较高导电特性的ＰＡＮＩ－ＴＣＮＱ复合薄膜。而且与表面粗糙不连续的ＰＡＮＩ薄膜和ＴＣＮＱ薄膜相比,ＰＡＮＩ－ＴＣＮＱ复合薄膜易形成较大面积的表面结构完善的连续膜。傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）分析     

三端1.3μm InGaAsP／InP双区共胺激光器

研制成功了弱调Ｑ及强调Ｑ两种三端１．３μｍ ＩｎＧａ ＡｓＰ／ＩｎＰ双区共腔激光器，其Ｐ／Ｉ特性分别呈二极管激射特性和吸收型双稳特性，两种激光器均实现了室温连续（直流）工作，吸收区电极的设置使两种器件的Ｐ／Ｉ特性均获得了大范围调节。     

三端1．3μmInGaAsP／InP双区共腔激光器

研制成功了弱调Ｑ及强调Ｑ两种三端１．３μｍＩｎＧａＡｓＰ／ＩｎＰ双区共腔激光器，其Ｐ／Ｉ特性分别呈二极管激射特性和吸收型双稳特性。两种激光器均实现了室温连续（直流）工作，吸收区电极的设置使两种器件的Ｐ／Ｉ特性均获得了大范围调节。     

聚氯乙烯／梯形聚苯基倍半硅氧烷共混物的相结合及流变性能

由单螺杆挤出机制备ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＳＱ（１００／０．９５,９５／５,９０／１０,８５／１５,８０／２０）机械共混物,通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了该共混物的相结构 ,富ＰＰＳＱ相形成的球状颗粒较均匀地分散于ＰＶＣ的连续相中。ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＳＱ共混物的流动温度均低于纯ＰＶＣ的Ｔｆ,而它们的玻璃化转变温度略高于纯ＰＶＸ的Ｔｇ,随ＰＰＳＱ含量的增加,ＰＶＣ／ＰＰ－ＳＱ共混物的Ｔｆ移向低温,更易塑化。     

线弹性问题局部稳定化混合有限元方法的分析

本文中分析了线弹性问题的一种局部稳定化的混合有限元方法，引入了一种“宏元条件”。当该条件被满足时，我们对Ｑ１－Ｐ０四边形单元和Ｐ１－Ｐ０三角形单元得到了该方法关于可压缩性一致的误差估计。     

车间精益管理的研究和应用

描述了车间精益管理的要点和实践经验,提出了其核心内容是“一个忠,两个基本点”以员工培训为中心,坚持Ｐ,Ｑ,Ｃ,Ｓ等管理项目,坚持Ｐ,Ｄ,Ｃ,Ａ等管理循环。     

聚氯乙烯／梯形聚苯基倍半硅氧烷共混物的相结构及流？…

由单螺杆挤出机制备了聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）／梯形聚苯基倍半硅氧烷（ＰＰＳＱ）（１００／０、９５／５、９０／１０、８５／２０）机械共混物,通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了该共混物的相结构,富ＰＰＳＱ相形成２的球状颗粒较均匀地分散于ＰＶＣ的连续相中,ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＳＱ共混物的流动温度（Ｔｔ）均低于纯ＰＶＣ的Ｔｔ,而它们的玻璃化转变温度（Ｔｇ）略高于纯ＰＶＣ的Ｔｇ,随ＰＰＳＱ含量的增加,ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＳＱ共混物的Ｔ     

风冷热泵式中央空调运行问题之我见

1　引言风冷热泵机组既可供冷又可供热 ,可装于屋顶、平台、地面 ,不需专门机房 ,机组运行全自动控制。用热泵式空调机组来提供冬季空调所需的热水时 ,可减少或完全替代独立的工业锅炉 ,这无疑是一条节能节材的有效途径。根据热力学第一定律 ,热泵的供热量Ｑ1 为压缩机所耗轴功率Ｗ和从低温热源吸收热量Ｑ2 之和 ,即Ｑ1 =Ｑ2 Ｗ ,热泵供热性能系数ＣＯＰ =Ｑ1 /Ｗ ,总是大于 1。但利用风冷热泵冷热水机组 ,是要受客观条件限制的 ,尤其在冬季室外气温较低和温度较高时 ,风冷热泵的应用就受到限制 ,甚至达到无法应用的地步。杭州日报办公大楼…     

新型漂白剂冲洗性能研究

探讨了新型漂白剂ＰＤＴＡ铁该盐的各项感光冲洗性能，并应用于Ｃ－４１ＣＸＱ高温快速彩色套药中。采用柯达标准试条测定了各项感光参数，研究了不同酸度。不同用量及不同温度下ＰＤＴＡ铁铵盐的漂白能力。     

Orthogonal grids around convex bodies using foliations

A new technique for the construction of orthogonal grids around convex bodies is presented. The method, which is analytical or numerical depending on how the body boundary is expressed, is based on the development of geometric foliations that follow a prescribed direction (for instance, the prevailing direction of flow) around convex bodies of arbitrary shape. The construction of these foliations is straightforward and does not require the solution of any system of algebraic or differential equations, nor the use of iterative procedures. The method is applicable both to two‐ and three‐dimensional domains since it is based solely on the concept of local curvature. The lines or surfaces given by the foliations of first and second order, together with the complementary orthogonal lines, respectively, define the orthogonal two‐ or three‐dimensional grids. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Minkowski差构造技术的凸体碰撞检测算法

碰撞检测是自然环境计算机模拟的基础，在计算机图形、CAD／CAM、机器人等领域有着广泛的应用。笔者提出了一个用于具有曲面边界凸体的碰撞检测的算法，通过构造两个凸体的Minkowski差来快速的检测两个凸体是否碰撞。当两个凸体碰撞时，算法可以快速地报告物体碰撞，并可以给出在给定方向上的穿透距离；当两个物体分离时，算法报告物体的分离，同时可以给出在给定方向上的移动距离。与已有的算法相比，这个算法可以更平衡地处理碰撞、分离的情况，该算法给出了稳定的碰撞检测条件。     

简单多边形集凸包的快速算法

提出了一个简单多边形集凸包的快速算法.先求出每个简单多边形的(子)凸包,根据凸包的切线性质,从有关的子凸包中抽取一段严格单调的折线.应用归并排序方法把位于一条直线右侧的一组严格单调的折线合并成一条折线,把合并后的折线和子凸包集的外接矩形上的边连结成一条封闭折线,即一个简单多边形,使其能够把所有子凸包包围起来,最后求出这个简单多边形的凸包.算法的时间复杂度为线性O(n),并且给出一个例子进行了验证.     

基于凸优化方法的期望主瓣幅度响应波束图设计

将发射阵的期望主瓣幅度响应波束设计转化为凸优化问题,并利用cvx工具箱求解最优加权。首先,根据期望波束的主瓣范围,将空间区域分为主瓣区域和旁瓣区域,再在主瓣区域内将设计波束和期望波束之差的2-范数最小化,并将设计波束图旁瓣级控制在期望值之下。最后,利用cvx工具箱对该凸优化问题进行求解,获得满足要求的设计波束图。通过计算机仿真对所提波束图设计方法的有效性进行了验证。     

Multidimensional parallelepiped model—a new type of non-probabilistic convex model for structural uncertainty analysis

Non-probabilistic convex models need to be provided only the changing boundary of parameters rather than their exact probability distributions; thus, such models can be applied to uncertainty analysis of complex structures when experimental information is lacking. The interval and the ellipsoidal models are the two most commonly used modeling methods in the field of non-probabilistic convex modeling. However, the former can only deal with independent variables, while the latter can only deal with dependent variables. This paper presents a more general non-probabilistic convex model, the multidimensional parallelepiped model. This model can include the independent and dependent uncertain variables in a unified framework and can effectively deal with complex ‘multi-source uncertainty’ problems in which dependent variables and independent variables coexist. For any two parameters, the concepts of the correlation angle and the correlation coefficient are defined. Through the marginal intervals of all the parameters and also their correlation coefficients, a multidimensional parallelepiped can easily be built as the uncertainty domain for parameters. Through the introduction of affine coordinates, the parallelepiped model in the original parameter space is converted to an interval model in the affine space, thus greatly facilitating subsequent structural uncertainty analysis. The parallelepiped model is applied to structural uncertainty propagation analysis, and the response interval of the structure is obtained in the case of uncertain initial parameters. Finally, the method described in this paper was applied to several numerical examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

凸模结构对大截面带筋方筒件挤压力的影响研究

目的 解决大截面铝合金带筋方筒构件在反挤压过程中成形力大的难题，实现在3 000 t压力机下成功制备内孔为665 mm×665 mm的大截面带筋方筒形构件。方法 提出了一种使用新型棱台凸模结构代替平凸模结构的方法，用主应力法得出了棱台凸模结构与平凸模结构的挤压力计算公式，对比分析了2种凸模结构反挤压成形力的大小，并用DEFORM有限元软件模拟分析了不同结构参数下的棱台凸模反挤压过程，最终进行工程试制，验证了反挤压工艺的可行性。结果 通过主应力法得出了方筒形件的变形力计算公式，得出棱台凸模结构反挤压成形力小于平凸模结构反挤压成形力，经模拟分析得出在反挤压过程中棱台凸模结构的最优结构参数为棱台斜角15°、棱台高度40 mm，并在3 000 t压力机上成功制得内孔为665 mm×665 mm的大截面带筋方筒形构件。结论 通过数值模拟分析可知，与采用平凸模结构相比，采用棱台凸模结构时的反挤压成形力降低了约13%，同时减少了挤压变形过程中的金属流动“死区”。经实验验证，在3 000 t压力机上成形了内孔为665 mm× 665 mm的大截面带筋方筒形构件，实现了省力挤压。     

A Combined Convex Approximation—Interior Point Approach for Large Scale Nonlinear Programming

The method of moving asymptotes (MMA) and its globally convergent extension SCP (sequential convex programming) are known to work well in the context of structural optimization. The two main reasons are that the approximation scheme used for the objective function and the constraints fits very well to these applications and that at an iteration point a local optimization model is used such that additional expensive function and gradient evaluations of the original problem are avoided. The subproblems that occur in both methods are special nonlinear convex programs and have traditionally been solved using a dual approach. This is now replaced by an interior point approach. The latter one is more suitable for large problems because sparsity properties of the original problem can be preserved and the separability property of the approximation functions is exploited. The effectiveness of the new method is demonstrated by a few examples dealing with problems of structural optimization.     

A generalized approximation for the meshfree analysis of solids

This paper presents a new approach in the construction of meshfree approximations as well as the weak Kronecker‐delta property at the boundary, referred to as a generalized meshfree (GMF) approximation. The GMF approximation introduces an enriched basis function in the original Shepard's method. This enriched basis function is introduced to meet the linear or higher order reproducing conditions and at the same time to offer great flexibility on the control of the smoothness and convexity of the approximation. The construction of the GMF approximation can be viewed as a special root‐finding scheme of constraint equations that enforces that the basis functions are corrected and the reproducing conditions with certain orders are satisfied within a set of nodes. By choosing different basis functions, various convex and non‐convex approximations including moving least‐squares (MLS), reproducing kernel (RK), and maximum entropy (ME) approximations can be obtained. Furthermore, the basis function can also be translated or blended with other functions to generate a particular approximation for a special purpose. One application in this paper is to incorporate a blending function at the boundary based on the concept of local convexity for the non‐convex approximation, such as MLS, to acquire the weak Kronecker‐delta property. To achieve the higher order GMF approximation, two possible methods are also introduced. Several examples are presented to examine the effectiveness of various GMF approximations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于正交试验的枕型空气衬垫优选方法

目的 基于正交试验的方法,探究枕型空气衬垫的规格、初始充气压强、温度、压缩速率在准静态压缩试验下对其缓冲性能影响的主次关系,得到一组使衬垫缓冲性能优良稳定的试验变量和一种枕型空气衬垫的优选方法.方法 采用正交试验的方法设计L9=(34)的正交试验,以枕型空气衬垫为研究对象进行准静态压缩试验,将试验结果归纳整理并进行极差分析和综合优选,判断所研究因素对枕型空气衬垫缓冲性能影响的主次关系,综合优选缓冲性能最优的枕型空气衬垫.结果 通过极差分析,得到了影响枕型空气衬垫缓冲性能的主次因素,由主到次依次为枕型空气衬垫规格、初始充气压强、温度、压缩速率,继而结合试验的易操作性综合优选了枕型空气衬垫的规格为100 mm×150 mm,初始充气压强为5 kPa,温度为30℃,压缩速率为100 mm/min,确定了一组使衬垫缓冲性能优良稳定的试验因素.结论 采用正交试验方法综合优选缓冲性能最优的枕型空气衬垫这一方法是可行的,结果也明确了4个试验变量对枕型空气衬垫缓冲性能影响的主次关系,这种思路能够为后续类似缓冲包装试验研究设计提供参考.     

Convex optimisation for aggregate production planning

This paper presents a new solution approach to the problem of aggregate production planning (APP). As identified by many researchers, the APP cost function is convex and piecewise. Thus, the convex optimisation approach can be applied to the APP problem. Solving the APP problem using convex optimisation is attractive since it leads to an improved solution over the classical solution methods and it can be applied to a wider range of functions. The classical Linear Decision Rule model of APP is solved using convex optimisation and the resulting solution is compared to three solution approaches which have been historically used to solve this model. The results suggest that convex optimisation may be an effective approach for solving certain types of planning models.