纳米纤维素晶体和柠檬酸改性聚乙烯醇薄膜的制备及性能

以球形纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)作增强相、柠檬酸作交联剂对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行改性,制备了PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜和柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜。通过热重分析、差热分析、吸水实验和拉伸实验考察了NCC的添加和柠檬酸的交联对薄膜热性能、耐水性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与纯PVA薄膜相比,改性PVA薄膜的起始分解温度升高、熔融/结晶峰向高温方向移动、吸水率降低;只用NCC或柠檬酸对PVA改性时,所得PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜、柠檬酸交联PVA薄膜的力学性能均对环境湿度敏感;同时用NCC(m(NCC)/m(PVA)=6/100)和柠檬酸(m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=3/100或m(柠檬酸)/m(PVA)=4.5/100)对PVA改性时,所得柠檬酸交联PVA/NCC纳米复合薄膜的力学性能不随环境湿度变化。     

聚乙烯醇/改性纳米纤维素晶体纳米复合薄膜的制备及性能

先用丁二酸酐对纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)进行表面羧基化改性,然后将改性NCC添加到聚乙烯醇(PVA)基体中制备PVA/改性NCC纳米复合薄膜,并进一步热处理制得交联PVA/改性NCC纳米复合薄膜。通过热重分析、差热分析、吸水实验和拉伸实验考察了改性NCC的添加量对薄膜性能的影响,以及加热交联对薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,与纯PVA薄膜相比,添加改性NCC后,薄膜的起始分解温度升高、结晶峰向高温方向移动,吸水率基本不变,力学性能对环境湿度敏感;热处理交联后,薄膜的起始分解温度继续升高、结晶峰也向高温方向移动,吸水率显著降低,力学性能不随环境湿度变化。     

聚乙烯醇/蒙脱土纳米复合薄膜的制备与性能研究?

以甘油作为增塑剂,经溶液流延法加工制备出 PVA/MMT 纳米复合薄膜,研究了纳米蒙脱土(MMT)对聚乙烯醇(PVA)的改性作用。通过对薄膜的结构表征、力学、光学、吸水性、热稳定性等性能研究表明,DK4型号 MMT 与 PVA 分子有着很好的相容性,添加了不同比例的 MMT 均不同程度提高了薄膜的抗拉强度、热稳定性,降低了薄膜的断裂伸长率、吸水性、水蒸气透过系数、透光率,其中添加了1％ DK4型MMT的PVA薄膜有着最好的改性效果。     

PS/改性PVA共混片材的性能研究

以丙三醇和乙二醇为复配增塑剂,对PVA进行改性,实现PVA的熔融加工,再采用熔融共混技术制备PS/改性PVA共混片材,改善了PS片材的力学性能,并使PS片材具有吸湿功能。实验结果表明:PS和PVA质量比为6:4时,共混片材力学性能达到最佳,吸湿效果良好,并具有保湿能力。     

茯苓–聚乙烯醇抑菌膜的制备及生物可降解动力学评价

目的 以可降解材料聚乙烯醇为基材,通过添加茯苓溶液,制备出复合抑菌薄膜,研究不同浓度茯苓对共混膜理化性能和功能性能的影响。方法 采用溶剂浇铸法制备茯苓/PVA共混膜。对共混膜的物理力学性能,以及溶解度、透光率、抑菌性、可降解性进行检测。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜对其结构进行分析表征。结果 茯苓的添加削弱了PVA分子间作用力,显著提高了断裂伸长率,由202.77%增加到398.82%,降低了拉伸强度,并且茯苓与PVA之间形成氢键,减少了水分对薄膜的溶解,薄膜溶解度由100%降到38.21%。随着茯苓质量分数的增加,薄膜的透光率下降,抑菌性得到增强。土壤降解实验表明茯苓/PVA共混膜具有良好的生物降解性。结论 制备的茯苓/PVA共混膜的力学性能和耐水性均得到提高,并且复合膜具有一定的抑菌性和可降解性。文中制备的复合膜为食品包装提供了理想选择。     

柠檬酸/PVA抗菌薄膜性能的研究

目的研究柠檬酸添加量对聚乙烯醇薄膜性能的影响。方法将柠檬酸颗粒溶解到质量分数为10%的PVA母液中,通过流延法制备柠檬酸/PVA抗菌薄膜。结果添加柠檬酸可降低薄膜吸水性和溶解性,随着柠檬酸质量分数的增加,透湿系数减小。观察扫描电镜表明,柠檬酸在聚乙烯醇中溶解均匀。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指标的抗菌性能测试表明,柠檬酸对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有较强的抑制作用。结论柠檬酸的添加可降低PVA薄膜的吸水性、溶解性和水蒸气透过系数,并使薄膜具有抗菌性。     

层状双金属氢氧化物/聚乙烯醇气体阻隔薄膜材料制备及性能研究

目的 研发出一种具有优异氧气阻隔性能的柔性薄膜,其在食品包装领域具有良好的应用前景。方法 以具有生物降解性能的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基材,镁铝层状双金属氢氧化物(MgAl-LDH)为改性剂,柠檬酸为交联剂,采用流延法制备出具有优异气体阻隔性能的PVA/MgAl-LDH复合薄膜。结果 随着柠檬酸的含量的增加,复合薄膜的亲水性能逐渐增加,阻隔性能逐渐下降;随着复合薄膜中MgAl-LDH的含量的增加,复合薄膜的疏水性能和阻隔性能逐渐提高。当复合薄膜中MgAl-LDH的质量分数为1.5%时,薄膜的力学性能最好,抗拉强度为42 MPa,断裂伸长率为16.7%,此MgAl-LDH质量分数下薄膜的气体阻隔性能也最优异,气体透过量为16mL/(m²·24h·0.1MPa)。结论 柠檬酸的引入增加了薄膜内部亲水基团的数量,提升了复合薄膜的亲水性能。MgAl-LDH可以减少PVA薄膜内部自由体积,提升PVA薄膜的力学性能和阻隔性能。     

复配增塑剂对聚乙烯醇薄膜性能的影响

以尿素/三乙醇胺为复配增塑剂,利用溶液共混法制备了改性PVA薄膜,通过FT-IR研究了尿素/三乙醇胺复配增塑剂与PVA间的相互作用,采用XRD,TGA,DSC表征了增塑改性PVA的结晶性能和热性能,同时分析了复配增塑剂的加入对PVA薄膜力学性能、透光性能、耐水性能的影响。实验结果表明,复配增塑剂的加入破坏了PVA分子中的氢键作用,降低了PVA的结晶度和熔点温度,热分解温度基本不变;随着复配增塑剂含量的增加,增塑改性后的PVA薄膜抗拉强度下降、断裂伸长率增加,透光性增加,溶胀率下降,溶失率增加。     

改性淀粉/PVA可降解薄膜的制备及性能研究

研究了以丙烯酸甲酯改性淀粉/PVA制备可降解薄膜的工艺,以及在不同工艺条件下对薄膜力学性能的影响,并与玉米淀粉/PVA薄膜的力学强度进行了比较.结果表明,在PVA比例为55%(质量分数,后同)、交联剂戊二醛为0.6%、甘油为15%、反应时间为25min时,改性淀粉薄膜的各项力学性能达到最佳水平,力学强度较普通玉米淀粉薄膜有所提高.     

不同含量脱氢乙酸钠改性PVA薄膜 延长蛋糕保质期的研究

研究了不同脱氢乙酸钠含量的P V A薄膜对蛋糕保质期的影响,以得出最适于蛋糕保鲜用改性包装薄膜。首先,用流延法制备出以不同质量分数脱氢乙酸钠改性的P V A改性薄膜,然后将待测蛋糕切成一定规格并分别装入不同的PVA薄膜包装袋中进行贮藏试验。且每隔3 d,对样品蛋糕进行感官评价,并检测其失重率、菌落总数、酸价、过氧化值等,以评价改性包装的抑菌及抗油脂氧化效果。结果表明,添加脱氢乙酸钠改性后的PVA薄膜的保鲜效果均优于未改性PVA薄膜的;综合各因素的影响结果,确定添加质量分数为2%脱氢乙酸钠的改性PVA薄膜对蛋糕的保鲜效果较好,其不仅能有效阻止蛋糕中水分的流失,且蛋糕的抗氧化性能最强。     

Biodegradable amylose films reinforced by graphene oxide and polyvinyl alcohol

Graphene oxide/amylose (GO/amylose) composite films with different amounts of graphene oxide (GO), glycerol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by a solution casting method. The structure, morphologies, and properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, UV–vis spectroscopy and tensile tests. The results indicated good dispersion of the GO nanosheets in the GO/amylose composite films and consequently a significant improvement in their mechanical properties. The addition of GO increased the tensile strength of the GO/amylose films, significantly. When glycerol was used as a plasticizer, the elongation at break of the films increased. When PVA was also added to the composite films, the films were mechanically strong and flexible. The incorporation of GO also decreased the moisture absorbability and UV transmittance of the films. The stability of the GO/amylose films in acidic and alkaline solutions was also studied and the films had excellent stability in both acidic and alkaline aqueous mediums.     

纳米SiO2改性生物降解复合薄膜研究

目的以壳聚糖(chitosan)、木薯淀粉和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基础成膜原料,探究纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的制备工艺过程。方法以薄膜断裂伸长率、抗张强度、透光率和吸水率为评判标准,在单因子试验基础上,设计L9(34)正交试验,研究纳米SiO2含量、分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸含量、膜液pH值等3个因素对纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖薄膜性能的影响。结果得出了制备纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的最佳工艺参数,纳米SiO2质量分数为2.0%、十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量分数为2.0%、膜液pH值为3.0,3个因素对改性薄膜性能的影响程度大小排序为分散剂含量纳米SiO2含量pH值。结论获得了纳米SiO2改性木薯淀粉/PVA/壳聚糖薄膜的最佳生产工艺参数。     

Dynamic mechanical property and photochemical stability of perlite/PVA and OMMT/PVA nanocomposites

This work focused on the preparation of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/inorganic composites. Perlite and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were used as the inorganic compounds. (PVA)/inorganic nanocomposite films were prepared by solvent solution method. The morphology, dynamic mechanical property, and the photochemical stability of these films were studied. The reaction pathway between these OMMT and PVA was suggested that the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions contributed to the preparation. The obtained new materials have different thermal, mechanical, and photochemical stability from other single components.     

聚乙烯醇/纳米银薄膜的制备及其对黄骨鱼保鲜效果的研究

目的研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)/纳米银薄膜的抑菌性能,探索食品保鲜包装新方法。方法以PVA和水为基本原料,戊二醛为改性剂,用溶液流延法制备含有不同质量分数(1%,2%,3%)纳米银的PVA薄膜,分别表征其力学性能和耐水性能。将鱼肉用薄膜包裹,在4℃下贮藏,每隔3 d取样测定菌落数并进行感官分析。结果 PVA/纳米银薄膜对鱼肉有明显的抑菌作用,当纳米银添加质量分数为1%时,薄膜的拉伸强度为19.41 MPa,断裂伸长率为49%,力学性能良好;吸水率为32.2%,润湿角为55.1°,疏水性较好;与空白组相比,鱼肉货架期延长了4 d左右。结论质量分数为1%的纳米银能够增强薄膜的抑菌效果、有效维持鱼肉的感官品质,因此,在冷链运输中有很好的应用前景。     

Optical study of poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose blends

The proposal in this study was to evaluate the optical properties of different biopolymers films. The materials used were poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). PVA/HPMC blends were prepared by casting technique. Variations in the group coordination in the infrared region were followed. The effects of HPMC concentrations on the optical properties of the PVA films were studied by near infrared, ultraviolet/visible, transmittance, and reflectance in the spectral region 200–2500 nm. Absorption, transmittance, and reflectance spectra were used for the determination of the optical constants. The study has been also extended to include the changes in the optical parameters including the band tail width and band gap energies and extinction coefficient for the investigated films. The results indicate that the optical band gap was derived from Tauc’s extrapolation and decreases with the HPMC contents. The obtained optical parameters were found to be strongly affected by HPMC contents.     

Graphene oxides nanosheets mediation of poly(vinyl alcohol) films in tuning their structural and opto-mechanical attributes

Herein, we report successful incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix by employing solution casting method. The effect of GO loadings on structural, optical and mechanical properties of PVA films was investigated. Most of the optical properties of such films are reported for the first time in the present study. On incorporating GO nanosheets into PVA matrix, the properties of nanocomposites were changed entirely. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of nanocomposites were enhanced. Alongside, a variation in absorption edge, direct/indirect band gap, Urbach energy, refractive index, optical dielectric constant, optical conductivity and dispersion parameters were noticed. The band gap and dispersion parameters were calculated using Tauc’s and Wemple–DiDomenico models, respectively. Helpin–Tsai and mixture rule models were employed to calculate Young’s modulus. The applied models reinforced the experimental results in the present study. Advanced analytical techniques were employed to characterize the nanocomposites films. The prepared nanocomposites might be used in designing the opto-electronic devices.     

再生丝素蛋白肽/聚乙烯醇膜材料性能的实验研究

采用不同配比的再生丝素蛋白肽(SFP)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液共混的方法制备了再生丝素蛋白肽/聚乙烯醇(SFP/PVA)膜材料,对SFP/PVA膜材料进行了红外表征。通过电子拉力试验机进行了不同配比SFP/PVA膜材料的力学性能试验,结果显示配比为30/70的膜最大承受力为10.57N,拉伸强度为35.2MPa,力学性能最佳。膜材料降解性实验在人工体液中进行,结果显示其降解从SFP开始,随后与SFP结合部分的PVA在接触到水介质后逐步溶失。MTT法对HepG2细胞的促生长试验结果表明,各配比SFP/PVA膜材料均具有良好的促HepG2细胞快速黏附和生长性。综合各性能指标,配比为30/70的SFP/PVA膜具有作为组织工程支架载体的应用前景。     

Preparation and properties of microfibrillated cellulose polyvinyl alcohol composite materials

This work reports the preparation of MFC–PVA composite films, and the thermal and mechanical properties of these films. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), which was separated from kraft pulp by a mechanical process, was used as the reinforcement in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. This MFC reinforcement has an interconnected web-like structure with fibrils having a diameter in the range of 10–100 nm, as observed by TEM. MFC–PVA composite films were created by casting from a water suspension to produce a homogeneous dispersion of MFC in the polymer matrix. DMA shows an increase of the storage modulus in the glassy state with increasing MFC content, but a more significant increase in modulus is detectable above the glass transition temperature. There is a steady increase in both the modulus and strength of the composite films until a plateau is reached at 10 wt% MFC. The thermal stability of the PVA composite films is slightly increased with the addition of MFC.

As a result of this research, it has been shown that MFC is an excellent reinforcement comparable to cellulose nanowhiskers. Furthermore, by combining MFC with PVA in addition to good mechanical properties, this composite has good chemical resistance and biodegradability. The water soluble characteristics of PVA combined with a water dispersion of MFC are also easily processable.