室温固相法制备纳米氧化铋

以NaOH和Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为原料,并添加不同的分散剂,采用室温固相法制备了纳米Bi_2O_3采用XRD、TEM表征纳米Bi_2O_3的结构和形貌。结果表明,分散剂种类、分散剂的添加量等因素显著影响纳米Bi_2O_3结构和形貌。     

BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结复合光催化剂的制备和光催化性能研究

以五水硝酸铋、硝酸、氢氧化钠、盐酸为原料,用盐酸浸渍法制备了盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比分别为0.3∶1、0.5∶1、0.7∶1、1∶1的BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结新型复合光催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对材料进行了表征。250 W高压汞灯照射下,用光催化降解罗丹明B反应来测试催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂的性能明显优于单体Bi2O3。当盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比为0.7∶1时,BiOCl/Bi2O3催化剂的光催化活性最佳。最后研究了抑制剂对BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B的影响,发现三乙醇胺和碘化钾都有一定的抑制作用。     

Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

本文以五水硝酸铋和氯化钾为原料,利用水热法一步制备了Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化材料,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行了表征。以罗丹明B为目标降解物,研究n(Bi)/n(Cl)摩尔比对合成Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化剂的形貌和光催化性能的影响。结果表明:随着n(Bi)/n(Cl)摩尔比的增加,Bi2O3/BiOCl的光催化活性显著增强,在n(Bi)/n(Cl)=1.75时,制备的Bi2O3/BiOCl异质复合光催化材料具有最高的光催化活性。     

纳米Ag包覆Bi_2O_3颗粒的制备及其可见光催化性能评价

本文采用两步合成工艺,通过化学共沉淀工艺制备β-Bi_2O_3纳米颗粒;经室温原位还原硝酸银,制备不同包覆量纳米Ag负载的Bi_2O_3(Ag/β-Bi_2O_3)光催化剂颗粒。对该光催化剂进行结构表征,并以甲基橙溶液模拟废水在可见光下评价其光催化性能。透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试表明纳米Ag均匀包覆于β-Bi_2O_3颗粒表面,其中β-Bi_2O_3聚集体的颗粒尺寸约30nm,而分散的纳米Ag晶体约为20nm。紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)谱图表明Ag/β-Bi_2O_3复合材料的带隙能比纯相Bi_2O_3要小,对可见光利用率相应增加,光催化性能随之增强。其中以2.0%(质量比)Ag包覆β-Bi_2O_3颗粒的光催化性能最佳。     

La/Cu比及分散剂对溶胶-凝胶法制备La2CuO4及光学性质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以硝酸镧和硝酸铜为原料,在不同La/Cu物质的量比条件下合成了La2CuO4粉体。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外光谱(UV-Vis-Nir)对样品的物相组成、显微形貌以及光学性能进行了分析。结果表明,n(La)/n(Cu)比为化学计量比2∶1时,可以制备出单一相的La2CuO4;n(La)/n(Cu)<2∶1时,产物含有CuO杂质相;n(La)/n(Cu)>2∶1时,含有La2O3杂质相。根据UV-Vis-Nir光谱分析,n(La)/n(Cu)为2∶1,所得La2CuO4的光学带隙为1.37eV,杂质相的产生使光学带隙减小。以抗坏血酸、葡萄糖为分散剂,有较好的分散效果,聚乙二醇作为分散剂时,出现团聚现象,相应的光学带隙分别为1.39、1.41和1.33eV。     

Bi_2O_3-ZnO复合材料的制备及其性能

以Bi_2O_3纳米棒为前驱体,通过溶剂热法合成了一维Bi_2O_3-ZnO复合材料光催化剂。XRD物相分析,复合材料光催化剂为六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO和四角形结构的Bi_2O_3;SEM形貌观察,复合材料光催化剂为棒状Bi_2O_3,平均直径为(450±50)nm,长度为(5±1)μm,以及少量的ZnO纳米粒/片生长在Bi_2O_3的表面。在可见光照射下,分别以纯的Bi_2O_3、ZnO和Bi_2O_3-ZnO为光催化剂,通过降解染料亚甲基蓝(MB)和苯酚进行光催化性能研究。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维的制备及形成机理研究

以Bi(NO3)3 5H2O、板状钛酸(H1.07Ti1.73O4 nH2O)、NaOH为原料,采用水热法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对产物进行表征.通过考察在200℃下水热反应不同时间的产物的相结构、微观形貌及化学组成,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:钛酸H1.07Ti1.73O4 nH2O是一类具有层板结构的化合物,在水热反应过程中,板状钛酸的层间H3O+可与Na+、Bi3+进行离子交换,通过原位生长的方式形成了板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒,随着水热反应的进行,板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒裂解形成纳米纤维.所得的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维分散性好,具有钙钛矿结构,直径为30~150 nm,长度为几个微米到十几个微米.     

铋基金属有机骨架合成多孔炭负载Bi_2O_3/Bi三元可见光催化剂用于高效去除水中有机污染物（英文）

利用高温碳化铋基金属有机骨架CAU-17(Bi)得到一系列不同炭化温度的多孔炭负载Bi_2O_3/Bi三元可见光催化材料(Bi_2O_3/Bi/PC),并对材料进行了详细的鉴定和表征。随后,通过在可见光下降解水中罗丹明B染料研究材料的光催化性能。结果表明,通过改变炭化温度可以调节三元光催化材料中的Bi_2O_3与Bi的比例。在炭化温度为800℃时,Bi_2O_3/Bi/PC表现出最高的光催化活性。同时,在降解罗丹明B的过程中,材料的3个组分表现出良好的协同效应,并且光催化材料在较宽的pH范围内均表现出良好的光催化活性。在光催化过程中,空穴和超氧自由基作为主要的活性物种主导污染物的降解。本研究通过高温炭化将金属有机骨架直接转化为三元光催化材料,为可用于高效降解水中有机污染物的可见光催化材料的设计与合成提供了新思路。     

氧化铋/石墨烯复合物的室温固相制备与光催化性能

采用室温固相法成功制备得到纳米Bi_2O_3和Bi_2O_3/石墨烯纳米复合物,利用拉曼光谱仪等表征手段对所得产物进行表征。研究结果表明,纳米Bi_2O_3为球状颗粒,尺寸为100～300nm,颗粒团聚,Bi_2O_3/石墨烯复合物的形貌尺寸约为100nm,球状颗粒负载于层状的石墨烯上。研究了所得产物对水溶液中甲基橙的光催化降解性能。结果发现Bi_2O_3与石墨烯复合后,光催化性能有一定提升。在紫外光照射下,Bi_2O_3/石墨烯在60min即可实现对污染物的完全降解。     

低温湿化学还原法制备Bi2Te3单晶纳米棒

采用低温湿化学还原法,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和TeO2为原料,通过乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)参与调节使反应体系为中性,以NaBH4为还原剂,以表面活性剂Brij56(HO(CH2CH2O)10C16H33)为晶体生长调控剂,制备了Bi2Te3纳米棒.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光探针(XRF),扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对样品的组成和结构进行了分析,同时初步探讨了Bi2Te3纳米棒的生长机理.结果表明,制备的Bi2We3纳米棒直径在30nm左右,长度在400nm左右,具有单晶结构;反应温度和Brij56的浓度对晶体形貌有较大的影响.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi0.975La0.025Fe0.975Ni0.025O3铁电薄膜的结构及物理性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO_2/Si(111)衬底上制备了Bi_(0.975)La_(0.025)Fe_(0.975)Ni_(0.025)O_3(BLFNO)铁电薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)及其压电模式(PFM)对薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌以及铁电畴结构进行了研究。研究发现,BLFNO为结晶良好的钙钛矿结构多晶薄膜,且薄膜表面颗粒生长均匀。PFM测试图显示铁电薄膜在自发极化下的铁电畴结构清晰,铁电电容器具有良好的铁电性能。应用铁电测试仪对Pt/BLFNO/Pt电容器进行测量,得到了饱和性良好的电滞回线。在828kV/cm的外加电场下,Pt/BLFNO/Pt电容器的剩余极化强度为74.3μC/cm~2,表明La、Ni的共掺杂没有明显抑制铁电电容器的剩余极化强度,铁电电容器具有良好的铁电性能。漏电流研究结果表明,La、Ni元素的共掺杂有效降低了薄膜的漏电流密度,在277.8kV/cm外加电场下漏电流密度在10-4 A/cm2量级,明显小于纯BFO薄膜的漏电流密度。正半支漏电流曲线满足SCLC导电机制,对于负半支曲线,当电场强度大于22.2kV/cm时,同样遵循SCLC导电机制;但是,当电场强度小于22.2kV/cm时,曲线斜率约为4.8,表明参与导电贡献的电子数较多,归因于极浅陷阱俘获的电子在外加电场作用下参与了导电行为。室温下磁滞回线测试结果表明BLFNO薄膜具有反铁磁性质。     

Coordination-induced formation of nanobelts of organic-inorganic hybrid materials at room temperature

The unexpected finding that the direct mix of o-phenylenediamine and H₂PdCl₄ aqueous solution at room temperature leads to supramolecular nanobelts of coordination polymers was reported. The morphology of the structures was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the chemical composition was examined by energy-dispersed spectrum (EDS) and X-ray maps analysis. The possible formation process of such supramolecular nanobelts is given and the influence of the molar ratio of reactants on the formation of these nanobelts is also examined. It is also found that the molar ratio of reactants has strong influence on the formation of the supramolecular structures.     

Facile synthesis of MnV2O6 nanostructures with controlled morphologies

MnV₂O₆ nanostructures including nanorods, nanobelts, and nanosheets, have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction between Mn(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O and commercial V₂O₅. The synthesized products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influences of synthetic parameters, such as, reaction time, temperature and medium, on the morphologies of the resulting products have been investigated. As the reaction temperatures increase from 120 °C to 180 °C, MnV₂O₆ nanorods and nanobelts are obtained, respectively. The time-dependent experimental results at 180 °C reveal that the sizes of MnV₂O₆ nanobelts increase gradually with the reaction proceeding. Interestingly, as the reaction is carried out with the aid of H₂O₂ solution, flower-like MnV₂O₆ nanosheets are formed.     

Synthesis of MoO3 nanobelts by medium energy nitrogen ion implantation

Ion implantation has been revealed as a potential technique to modify the surface of materials. In this work, MoO₃ nanobelts were synthesized on MoO₃ whisker surfaces by means of ion implantation with 60 keV nitrogen ions at a dose of 1 × 10¹⁶ atom/cm² and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The result showed that the nanostructures of MoO₃ occurred over the whisker surfaces and had belt-like shapes. The size of the synthesized MoO₃ nanobelts mostly ranged from 20 to 60 nm in width and 300 to 800 nm in length. The nanobelts were found to have an orthorhombic crystal structure with growth preferential in the [001] direction. The growth process of the nanobelts based on the common vapor-solid mechanism is discussed.     

Ce对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的掺杂和扩渗改性研究

为改善Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3材料的电性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体.通过液相Ce掺杂和气相Ce扩渗两种方法,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体进行了改性,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、阻抗分析仪和电阻仪对改性前后Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的组成、结构和电性能的变化进行了研究.结果表明:Ce元素的添加有助于Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体电阻率的降低,而扩渗改性使电阻率的降低更为显著,经600℃扩渗的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体的电阻率由3.71×106Ω.m降至2.39×101Ω.m;稀土Ce掺杂使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数减小,而Ce扩渗使Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的介电常数显著增大;Ce掺杂使粒径更加均匀,而随着气相扩渗温度的提高,晶粒粒径逐渐变大;Ce掺杂没有改变Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3的主晶相结构,但Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体经Ce扩渗后,出现了单质Bi及Bi2Ti2O7、Na2Ti9O19、Na2Ti6O13的特征峰.     

Controlled hydrothermal synthesis of VO2(B) nanobelts

Large-scale VO₂(B) nanobelts have been synthesized by hydrothermal strategy via one-step method using V₂O₅ as vanadium source and C₆H₅-(CH₂)_n-NH₂ with n = 2 and 4 (2-phenylethylamine and 4-phenylbutylamine) as structure-directing templates. The composition and morphology of the nanobelts were established by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The as-obtained VO₂(B) nanobelts have a length of 3-10 μm, a wideness of 100-375 nm and a thickness of 30-66 nm.     

A simple route to synthesis of BaCO3 nanostructures in water/ethylene glycol mixed solvents

Barium carbonate (BaCO₃) nanostructures with different morphologies were synthesized using Ba(NO₃)₂ and (NH₄)₂CO₃ in the water/ethylene glycol (EG) mixed solvents by oil bath heating at 80 °C for 30 min. The molar ratio of water to EG had an effect on the morphology of BaCO₃. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).     

Synthesis of K6Ta10.8O30 nanowires by molten salt technique

The synthesis of single crystalline K₆Ta_10.8O₃₀ nanowires by molten salt method was reported for the first time. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the as-prepared products were pure phase K₆Ta_10.8O₃₀. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that the products consisted of wire-like nanostructures with 100-300 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length. High resolution electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction results indicated that the K₆Ta_10.8O₃₀ nanowires were single crystalline with a growth direction of [0 0 1]. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance measurement showed that the band gap of the nanowires was about 4.1 eV. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and weight ratio of the precursor (mixture of K₂CO₃ and Ta₂O₅) to KCl salt on the morphology of the products were investigated.     

Synthesis of worm-like Ag2S nanocrystals in W/O reverse microemulsion

High-aspect-ratio of worm-like Ag₂S nanocrystal with length up to several micrometers and a diameter of 25-50 nm has been successfully prepared by a Triton X-100/cyclohexane/hexanol/water W/O reverse microemulsion in the presence of TAA (Thioacetamide) as a sulfur source and EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) as a chelating ligand. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra. The results indicate that the morphology and size of Ag₂S nanocrystal can be readily controlled by modulating the mole ratio of Ag⁺ to EDTA, the molar ratio of water to surfactant (ω₀), and the aging time.     

水热合成的MoS2/石墨烯/N-TiO2复合材料的可见光催化性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)、钼酸、硫脲和TiN为原料,成功制备了MoS_2/石墨烯/N-TiO_2(MGNT)复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段测试分析了样品的物相组成、形貌、成分和光吸收性能。紫外-可见漫反射测试结果表明,MoS_2、石墨烯共同修饰及氮掺杂使得TiO_2的吸收带边发生红移,且其可见光吸收性能明显提高。可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明,MoS_2/石墨烯共同修饰的氮掺杂TiO_2的光催化降解性能分别是氮掺杂TiO_2(NT)和石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2(GNT)的1.82倍和1.59倍,其吸附性分别为氮掺杂TiO_2、石墨烯修饰氮掺杂TiO_2的11.14倍和4.77倍。