空冷桥架风机随机扰力模型

分析不同转速下直接空冷风机桥架振动实测速度响应表明,传统简谐扰力作用的振动响应不能反映实测振幅、相位缓慢变化的窄带随机特性;采用载波理论建立的风机扰力模型可有效反映桥架振动的随机性。结合风机桥架振动时、频域分析结果,以速度响应功率谱为目标识别扰力模型参数。模拟结果表明,扰力模型标准差随风机转速增加而增大。     

多点谐振激励下钢-混凝土竖向混合结构振动响应研究

空冷凝汽器支架结构是由钢筋混凝土管柱和钢桁架组成的竖向混合结构.为了满足工艺要求,在结构中设有多台大直径风机进行强制通风.由于风机的转动偏心不可避免,因而会给结构施加多点谐振激励.为了研究空冷凝汽器支架结构在风机扰力作用下的振动响应,制作了1/8比例模型进行试验研究.试验测试了结构的动力特性,结构与设备的共振点,结构在不同风机转速和风机开启状况下的幅频曲线以及结构构件的动应变.采用ANSYS有限元程序对该结构进行模态分析和谐响应分析,计算结果与试验结果基本吻合.通过试验和有限元程序计算分析的结果,发现风机多点谐振激励引起的结构振动响应较小,风机低频运转对结构整体的影响要大于高频运转对结构的影响,建议通过合理的构造措施来考虑风机引起的结构疲劳.     

叶片应变随侧风角度变化的特征分析

利用TST5925装置和PULSE19装置构建了叶片表面应变与发电机、塔架、基座振动加速度的同步监测系统,针对直径1.4 m的小型水平轴风力机侧风工况下叶片气动中心线及叶根附近位置的应变进行测试与分析。证实了最恶劣侧风角的存在,处于该侧风角度时叶片承受的侧风激振力最强,离心力是导致叶片最恶劣侧风角发生迁移的主要诱因。揭示了来流风速及叶片转速一定的情况下,叶片不同位置所对应的最恶劣侧风角不尽相同,低转速时叶根附近所对应的最恶劣侧风角往往小于叶尖和叶中部,但其随离心力变化的响应速度却较其它位置敏感。远离最恶劣侧风角时,应变值随转速的变化近似成线性;逐渐靠近该侧风角时,侧风激振力对叶片应变的影响显著增强,并导致其产生强烈脉动。     

基于磁流变悬置的动力装置垂向隔振控制与试验研究

悬置阻尼宽频可控对动力装置实现积极隔振具有重要意义。分析了基于挤压模式的磁流变半主动悬置工作原理和阻尼特性,在建立动力装置垂向隔振模型的基础上,设计出模糊自适应隔振控制器,用量化、比例因子自调整算法降低不同工况下动力装置垂向激励力的传递;给出了一种改进的天棚控制算法,通过抑制动力装置振动来降低能量传递。设计出动力装置隔振台架试验系统,在不同工况下进行了隔振对比试验。结果表明,在动力装置处于中低转速时,可控磁流变悬置能在宽频范围内把力绝对传递率抑制到25%内,隔振效果优于橡胶悬置;而磁流变悬置垂向隔振方法中,兼顾振动传递率和激励频率的模糊自适应控制,优于通过抑制动力装置自身振动来隔振的天棚控制。     

错位转换高层建筑结构竖向地震作用下的抗震性能研究

关于错位转换高层建筑结构在竖向地震作用下的动力特性和受力特性的研究目前还鲜有文献,本文采用Sap2000V9有限元程序对一实际带错位转换高层结构竖向动力特性和动力反应进行了分析研究。研究了竖向振型数对上、下部转换梁内力和主要竖向受力构件轴力的影响;用反应谱法和时程分析法计算了竖向加速度、竖向层间位移及竖向动应变,分析了上部、下部转换梁梁端点及梁托柱点所在位置节点动力反应随楼层变化情况,并将转换梁端点的反应和梁托柱的反应进行了对比分析研究。还计算了上、下部转换层梁托柱、承托墙肢、框支剪力墙、框支柱等的轴力,并将其与重力荷载代表值下轴力比值进行了对比研究。研究分析表明,竖向基本振型对构件内力起主要作用,竖向第5阶以上振型对转换梁和各竖向主要构件轴力影响很小;梁托柱点竖向位移、竖向加速度远大于其梁端点的反应;上、下部转换梁端点处竖向构件竖向应变在转换层上一层发生突变;同时会使两错位转换层之间楼层竖向构件竖向应变局部增大;楼层越高,其相应竖向构件的反应谱法与重力荷载代表值、时程均值与重力荷载代表值内力比值就越大;竖向地震作用下承托墙肢顶部一层和框支剪力墙底部三层轴力会发生突变。     

密封环扰动状态下稳定性分析及动态响应

应用微扰方法和数值计算对重载车辆传动装置密封环在扰动状态下的稳定性及其动态响应进行分析。根据传动装置密封环的工作特点,建立了密封环三自由度的扰动模型,采用有限差分法求解时变雷诺方程,模拟实际运行工况,应用动态参数计算模型,对密封油膜的刚度和阻尼系数进行了数值求解,分析了角微扰动与偏转力矩的关系,研究了密封轴向、周向的刚度系数和阻尼系数随工况条件的变化规律,预测对密封面碰摩的影响。结果表明,油膜厚度对系统的刚度和阻尼系数影响较大,在膜厚较大时,密封的不稳定性增强。同时随着工况条件的变化,特别在Pv值较大时,刚度系数增长较快。适当控制膜厚和合理配置传动装置的转速和输入压力,对预防密封碰摩较为有利。     

采用力偶型径向柱塞马达的新型调速回路特性分析与试验

针对变量泵-定量马达容积调速回路调速范围有限,变量泵-变量马达调速回路结构复杂的问题,故提出采用力偶型径向柱塞马达的新型恒转矩调速回路。该马达输出轴的径向力平衡,通过力偶输出转矩,马达的一个壳体内可以形成内、外两个马达;在输入压力和流量不变的情况下,通过不同的配流方式可以输出三种转矩和转速,更能满足多种工况需求;三级恒转矩调速回路在三种工作方式下产生不同的动态特性,内马达单独工作时的动态特性较好。利用AMESim软件进行仿真分析并搭建实验台对力偶型径向柱塞马达新型调速回路进行试验分析,试验数据验证了新型调速回路可增加系统的转速转矩范围,丰富了力偶型径向马达的应用领域。     

三自由度加载系统高精度加载控制方法试验研究

针对三自由度加载系统,对其控制方法进行了较为系统的研究。对现有较为精确的控制方法进行了分析介绍,利用三自由度拟静力试验加载控制软件,在哈尔滨工业大学大型多功能三自由度加载系统上进行了弯剪试验验证,对比分析竖向基于作动器反馈的力-位移混合控制方法,竖向基于LVDT反馈的力-位移混合控制方法和考虑几何非线性的控制方法的准确性。研究结果表明:考虑几何非线性的控制方法对三自由度加载试验的控制最为准确。     

双变激振超细振动磨电机驱动转速多工况组合优选研究

针对恒速振动电机振动磨在超细粉碎过程中易出现物料团聚而引起颗粒细化难度增大、超微粉碎发展受限的情况,提出振动电机转速、激振偏心块矢径随时间变化的双变激振方式,结合Adams仿真及样机试验对电机转速变化曲线进行优化,从而实现了对高振强特性超微粉碎激励方法的研究。通过模拟分析振动磨机不同转速工况下的运动响应特性、振强变化规律,对电机转速最佳变化范围和组合效应进行研究,以平均粒径为10μm的金刚石粉末为研磨对象进行120 h新型振动磨机的碎磨试验,从而验证了组合优选所得到的电机转速变化曲线能够使得颗粒进一步细化。     

多跨覆冰导线脱冰振动模型风洞试验研究

覆冰导线脱冰可能造成金具、导线和杆塔等构件受力破坏,也可能会引起导线闪络、烧断等电力事故。设计了1∶50的三跨覆冰导线的缩尺模型,采用熔断集中荷载的方法模拟导线脱冰,共七种工况研究三跨导线中脱冰量、脱冰跨位置、覆冰厚度和风速等参数不同时,导线的冰跳高度、导线张力和绝缘子轴力变化规律。结果表明:边跨脱冰将引起比中间跨脱冰更大的竖向振动,跳跃高度增大了近7%,导线张力也有明显增大;在风荷载作用时,导线脱冰振动会受气动阻尼影响,跳跃高度和振动周期都有所减小,导线张力和悬垂绝缘子的轴力随着风荷载增大而增大。     

Performance of a half‐height,innovative cooling fan

Abstract

An innovative cooling fan with distinguishing features such as ultra thinness, high performance, and quietness is proposed for notebook computers. In particular, the configuration of the proposed fan allows it to suck the largest volume of hot air from surfaces along the vertical direction and expel exhaust air onto the side surface along the horizontal direction, therefore, thinner notebook PCs can be designed. In order to achieve these characteristics, unique designs are required; a 13‐blade impeller is designed for the centrifugal fan in stead of the common conventional design for axial fans, which is a complicated centrifugal blade shape design. A flat rectangular casing for the fan is designed with external dimensions of 89 mm × 76 mm × 13 mm. The casing contains a rotor impeller and a volute; the design of curved throat of the volute is complicated. The top and bottom surfaces, each, have one circular inlet hole. The side surfaces each have a long rectangular outlet hole. In this study, we focus on the P‐Q performance curves of this centrifugal cooling fan designed for notebook PCs, the P‐Q curves are obtained by numerical analysis and tests based on the AMCA standard 210–85. When this fan is subject to real operating conditions, with regard to the maximum flow rate to the near cut‐off point, the pressure P gradually increases from the fan inlet to the fan outlet. The average percentage (%) error in the flow rate Q was determined by both numerical analysis and AMCA test. Additionally, from the result of the standard CNS‐8753 noise test, the fan noise level is 30～33 dBA and the flow field around the inlet, the outlet and the flow passage can be visualized by Particle Interference Visualization (PIV). Finally, according to the P‐Q curve, it can be inferred that this cooling fan outperforms other comparable regular products available. The noise level is satisfactory, and the heat removal is good; hence this design is proposed for application in industry.     

Optimization design of axial fan blade

A series airfoil was obtained through optimization design which aimed to promote lift–drag ratio, and the new airfoil series was used to construct a blade. The chord length and installation angle of the blade along the blade height were optimized by using orthogonal optimization. Three design options (straight blades, C-type blades and forward swept blades) are examined in this paper. Taking an axial fan as the research object, the whole 3D numerical simulation was conducted by using Ansys-CFX. Axial fans with three kinds of blades are discussed and compared under design and off-design conditions. The present results show that: under design conditions, the total pressure efficiency of the axial flow fan with the forward swept blade is the highest, and the C-type blade has slightly lower efficiency while the straight blade has the lowest efficiency. Under off-design conditions, the aerodynamic performance of the forward-swept blade and C-type blade fans are better than that of the straight-blade fans.     

Exergoeconomic performances of the desiccant-evaporative air-conditioning system at different regeneration and reference temperatures

This paper presented the exergoeconomic evaluation of the developed desiccant-evaporative air-conditioning system. The developed system was evaluated based on the steady-state conditions at different regeneration and reference temperatures. The exergoeconomic evaluation method was implemented to the system components and the whole system to evaluate the exergy efficiency, exergy destruction ratios, cost rates, relative cost differences and exergoeconomic factors. The regeneration and reference temperatures affected the exergy efficiencies, exergy destruction ratios, cost rates, relative cost differences and exergoeconomic factors. The desiccant wheel, heating coil and evaporative cooler had a high cost rate (investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and exergy destruction cost). The exit air fan, outdoor air fan and evaporative cooler had a high relative cost difference. The exit air fan, outdoor air fan and secondary heat exchanger had a high exergoeconomic factor. Replacement of the desiccant wheel with a higher dehumidification performance could decrease the high cost rate. A higher efficiency evaporative cooler and heating coil were needed. Cheaper air fans (outdoor air fans and exit air fans) were needed.     

多风机组合式空调机组CFD仿真分析

对四风机机组进行CFD仿真分析,结果表明,垂直气流横断面上的速度分布与风机的气流分布有一定的关联,若风机对称分布,气流相应也会对称分布;距离风机越远的横断面,其速度分布越均匀;表冷器盘管具有导流作用,且其空气侧压降越大,出风面速度越均匀。在过气流方向的截面上,风机内的速度最大;风机出口处,由于气流截面突变,气流速度变化率最大,会产生剧烈的紊流。     

航空发动机风扇机匣包容性等效试验与分析方法

针对硬壁机匣包容性问题,提出在发动机研制初期,通过风扇包容机匣等效试验件靶板冲击试验,模拟真实风扇叶片脱落机匣包容性过程,并通过材料高应变率试验拟合机匣材料在高应变率下的本构模型;建立基于简化试验结果的数值仿真模型标定及机匣包容性分析模型修正方法,对风扇叶片脱落机匣包容性分析模型进行标定,建立高精度风扇机匣包容性仿真预测模型,用于风扇叶片脱落适航取证试验前仿真预测,以提高试验成功率、减少试验次数。通过数值仿真可拟合获得机匣包容厚度与叶片脱落载荷的关系,为风扇包容机匣设计提供厚度参数输入参考。     

两种二元离心叶轮型线优化方法比较

以二元离心风机叶轮叶片型线为研究对象,对7—40和bb24风机叶轮运用等减速和等当量扩张角规律,分别对其进行叶片型线的重新设计,并运用CFD数值模拟叶轮内部复杂三维流动。结果表明,在设计工况下,无论是等减速规律还是等当量扩张角规律对于2个不同的风机叶轮都取得了较好的效果,尤其是应用等减速规律改进的叶轮,改进效果更加明显,叶轮性能显著提高。     

An experimental investigation of the single-sided infiltration through doorways of the cold store

The frequent infiltration through doorways accounts for a very large proportion of the total heat load of cold stores. Understanding the influence factors, along with wider range of experiments, clearly supports the accurate prediction and cuts down the infiltration. This paper provides a series of experimental investigations on the infiltration under different conditions. The experiments take factors of various door opening sizes, temperature differences and on/off of the cooling fans into account. It is observed that the infiltration flow rate stays steady while the indoor temperatures of the local probes change vigorously. The infiltration air volume changes linearly with the door open time, whether the cooling fans are turned on or off. Moreover, the air mixture effect related to the cooling fans can counteract the infiltration process.     

基于非稳态RANS模型的冷库库门渗风研究

伴随冷库总量的快速增长,冷库的能耗问题已越来越受到关注。库门渗风作为冷库的一项占比很大的热负荷是冷库能耗研究的一个重点。本文采用非稳态RANS模型对库门渗风建立了动态模拟模型,利用对一座库高和门高之比为2:1的冷库不同库内外温差和冷风机运行模式下的实测数据进行验证,结果表明：所建模型预测的渗风量、测量点当地风速和温度的数值和变化趋势都与实验值有较好的吻合,在开门时间40 s内渗风量模拟误差在±10%以内。利用该模型对渗风的特性和机理进行了模拟分析,结果表明,受风机水平方向风场影响,风机开时库内温度均比风机关时低。库内外空气密度差较小,库内冷空气受重力的影响不大,因此渗风量随开门时间呈线性变化。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of axial fan with trailing edge self-induced blowing

Axial fans often show adverse flow conditions at the fan hub and at the tip of the blades. In the present paper, a modification of conventional axial fan blades with numerical and experimental investigation is presented. Hollow blades were manufactured from the hub to the trailing edge at the tip of the blades. They enable the formation of self-induced internal flow through internal passages. The internal flow enters the internal radial flow passages of the hollow blades through the openings near the fan hub and exits through the trailing edge slots at the tip of the blade. The study of the influence of internal flow on the flow field of axial fan and the modifications of aerodynamic characteristics of the axial fan have been made. The numerical and experimental results show a comparison of integral and local characteristics of the axial fan with the internal flow, compared to characteristics of a geometrically equivalent fan without internal flow. The experimental results of local characteristics were performed with a five-hole probe and computer-aided visualization. A reduction of adverse flow conditions near the trailing edge at the tip of the blade was achieved, as well as boundary layer reduction on the blade suction side and the reduction of flow separation. The introduction of self-induced blowing led to the preservation of the direction of external flow, defined by blade geometry, and enabled maximal local energy conversion. The integral characteristic reached higher degree of efficiency.     

考虑橡胶支座作用的桥梁多次竖向碰撞力的计算

考虑桥梁橡胶支座的作用,建立了双跨连续梁桥的梁-弹簧-杆模型,采用瞬态波函数展开法和组合体瞬态内力法,提出了在先期到达的竖向地震激励作用下,桥梁结构竖向碰撞力的理论求解方法,计算结果表明本文方法可以合理地求解桥面与橡胶支座的多次竖向碰撞力。通过对不同竖向地震反应谱、不同桥梁跨度和不同竖向地震激励幅值下的碰撞次数和碰撞力的计算和分析表明,在浅源近场竖向地震作用下,桥梁可能出现竖向碰撞现象,桥面与橡胶支座的竖向碰撞力的幅值大,对桥梁具有相当大的危害。研究表明,竖向碰撞现象的出现很有可能存在两个条件,即竖向地震激励周期逼近于桥梁整体结构的固有振动周期,以及竖向地震激励幅值超到某个确定的阀值。另外,计算结果还表明,竖向碰撞力随竖向地震激励周期、幅值和桥跨长度的变化,呈现出复杂的非线性效应。