真空热循环对单向M40J/5228A复合材料质损率和线膨胀系数的影响

对单向M40J/5228A复合材料进行了真空热循环试验 ( 93~413 K,10-5Pa)。分别测试了经不同次数真空热循环后材料的质损率及线膨胀系数。通过所建二维细观损伤模型分析了真空热循环次数对材料线膨胀系数曲线影响的原因。试验结果表明,随真空热循环次数的增加,质损率增大,并经约48次真空热循环后趋于平缓;横向线膨胀系数随温度升高而线性增大,真空热循环次数对其没有影响;纵向线膨胀系数在原始状态时随温度升高而线性减小,经113次真空热循环后表现出先下降后上升的非线性特征,真空热循环次数对纵向线膨胀系数的影响,与界面脱粘程度和残余应力的消除密切相关。      

双相颗粒混杂增韧HfB2陶瓷复合材料的研究

将两种颗粒增韧相与HfB2陶瓷基体按配比混料、热压制备了双相颗粒混杂增韧HfB2陶瓷复合材料,重点研究其高温压缩性能、热膨胀性能、耐烧蚀性能以及显微组织.结果表明,HfB2复合材料的室温压缩性能较高,但高温下压缩性能显著下降.随着温度升高,HfB2复合材料的体积膨胀率单调增加;平均线膨胀系数变化平缓;而瞬时线膨胀系数先减小后增大,有一个最小值,最小瞬时线膨胀系数在900℃,其值为5.65×10-6/K.该复合材料在等离子电弧加热器上烧蚀8s后,部分韧化相熔化飞出,留下孔洞.     

铁铬合金与铜复合材料热膨胀特性

本文研究和分析了铁铬合金与无氧铜复合材料热膨胀曲线,在热循环中(室温至500℃)复合材料的热膨胀特性。测定了复合材料不同复合比(Cu 所占的体积%)对其热膨胀性能的影响。文中给出当芯材无氧铜占复合线总体积比为22%时,复合线的热膨胀曲线的特征不变。     

室温和高温下三维针刺炭/炭复合材料的弯曲性能及破坏机理（英文）

本文制备了高密度三维针刺炭/炭复合材料,研究了该材料在室温和高温下的弯曲性能,并从宏、细观角度研究了材料的变形与失效机理。结果表明,三维针刺炭/炭复合材料具有好的抗弯曲性能,400℃以下的载荷-挠度曲线呈线弹性和脆性破坏特征;而更高温度下的曲线表现出明显的韧性和塑性失效。由于氧化作用的加重,材料的弯曲性能随着温度的升高而显著减小。材料呈现锯齿状断裂特征,在500℃以下,主要的损伤形式表现为基体开裂,90°纤维/基体脱粘,0°纤维的局部扭曲和断裂;而在更高温度下,复合材料的氧化特征更加明显,纤维和基体间的界面粘结性能显著下降。     

真空热循环对M40J/环氧复合材料力学性能的影响

分别测量了经不同次数单向真空热循环试验(93～413 K,10-5Pa)后M40J/5228A复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和层剪强度,研究了真空热循环对M40J/环氧复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着真空热循环次数的增加,90°和0°拉伸强度下降,并分别于48次和40次真空热循环后趋于平缓.弯曲强度随着真空热循环次数的增加表现出先上升后下降再趋于平缓的特征,而层剪强度变化不大.90°和0°拉伸强度的变化与界面脱粘程度密切相关.弯曲强度变化主要反映真空热循环时树脂基体后续固化效应的影响.层剪强度变化是界面脱粘与树脂基体后续固化两种因素综合作用的结果.     

T300/LD2热循环时产生滞后环原因及改善方法探讨

T300/LD2复合材料在热循环时产生滞后环并留下很大的残留应变。本文对T300/LD2试样在热循环时产生滞后环和残留应变的原因进行分析和探讨。实验结果表明,基体在热循环时大量的塑性变形是产生滞后环和残留应变的主要原因,并通过在界面预设不同应力和缩短热循环温度区间来研究界面应力状态和热循环温度区间跟热循环时滞后环和残留应变之间的关系。提出了改善残留应变和滞后的方法(1)尽量减少复合材料的使用环境中的温度变化,(2)根据材料的使用环境,经过各种预处理使复合材料在工作时基体处于弹性变形状态,(3)提高基体的屈服强度。     

热处理温度对高导热3D C/C复合材料性能的影响

通过化学气相渗透和前驱体浸渍裂解复合工艺对三向碳纤维织物进行致密化,获得密度为1.95 g/cm3的高导热3D C/C复合材料.利用SEM,XRD,导热系数测试,线膨胀系数测试和三点弯曲实验,研究2350,2550,2850℃不同热处理温度对3D C/C复合材料微观形貌、结构、导热系数、线膨胀系数和弯曲性能的影响.结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,中间相沥青基碳纤维石墨片层结构更加明显,均匀包裹在碳纤维周围的热解碳片层排列的有序度提高,且片层之间排列更加致密;3D C/C复合材料的石墨化度和导热系数提高;在测试温度250～1400℃区间,线膨胀系数随着测试温度的升高略微增大,不同热处理温度后的3D C/C复合材料线膨胀系数均在-1×10-6～2×10-6℃-1,表现出良好的"零膨胀性".此外,当热处理温度升高,3D C/C复合材料的碳纤维与基体的结合减弱,导致材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量降低,2850℃高温热处理后的材料弯曲断裂面出现大量长纤维拔出,总体来说,3种不同热处理温度后的断裂均表现出"假塑性"断裂特征.     

影响碳—铝复合材料耐蚀性的因素

本文研究了热暴露、热循环、表面粗糙度、基体合金以及纤维种类对碳-铝复合材料耐蚀性的影响。试验结果表明,无论是在蒸馏水中还是在3.5%NaCl盐水中热暴露都加剧了复合材料界面腐蚀使复合材料的耐蚀性变坏,热循环对复合材料的耐蚀性影响很少,粗糙表面对复合材料耐蚀性有有害的影响,C/Al复合材料比C/LD2复合材料更耐腐蚀,而Gr/Al复合材料比C/Al复合材料具有高的耐蚀性。     

SiO2无溶剂纳米流体粒径和含量对环氧树脂力学和热性能的影响

为了改善纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)在树脂基体中的分散性,同时研究SiO2粒径对树脂基体性能的影响,采用St?ber法制备了50,90 nm和220 nm三种不同粒径的纳米SiO2,并通过表面接枝硅烷偶联剂及聚醚胺的方法制备了相应的SiO2无溶剂纳米流体(NF).利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、热失重(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等测试方法对流体的化学结构和物理形貌等理化性质进行了表征.测试了不同粒径和不同含量SiO2纳米流体/环氧树脂(NF/EP)复合材料的力学性能,结果表明,复合材料的力学性能随着流体含量的增加呈现先升后降的趋势;50 nm SiO2流体对环氧树脂冲击性能改善明显,当添加量为1 phr时,弯曲强度增加了11.64％,冲击强度增加了54.55％;而220 nm SiO2流体对弯曲性能改善更为明显,当添加量为1 phr时,弯曲强度提高17.51％,冲击强度提高50.00％.玻璃化转变温度和线膨胀系数测试的结果表明,NF/EP有更高的玻璃化转变温度和更低的线膨胀系数.NF/EP因具有良好的力学性能和低的线膨胀系数,可用作电子灌封树脂.     

热循环作用下单向炭纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的热应力

利用二维有限元模型对单向T700炭纤维/3234环氧树脂复合材料内部热应力分布进行了数值模拟,同时测试了T700/3234复合材料经不同次数真空热循环后的拉伸强度。研究结果表明,随热循环次数增加,基体应力单调下降,界面应力先下降后上升,25次热循环后变化趋于平缓。界面区域内热应力最大,且产生明显的应力集中。部分界面出现脱粘是复合材料在热循环作用下产生损伤的主要原因。     

钛酸钾晶须增强铝基复合材料的热循环尺寸稳定性

用挤压铸造工艺制备了钛酸钾晶须增强铝基复合材料,研究了其热膨胀系数和热循环尺寸稳定性。复合材料的热膨胀系数低于ZL109合金且随晶须含量的增加而降低。50℃~280℃热循环实验中,ZL109合金和复合材料中都观察到应变滞后现象。ZL109合金的热循环曲线具有最大的应变滞后和残余塑性应变,而30 vol%复合材料热循环前后几乎没有尺寸变化,具有很高的尺寸稳定性。最后,我们认为可以用热循环曲线来分析工作在变温环境下的结构材料的尺寸稳定性和失效。     

Study of Physical Properties of SiCw/Al Composites During Unloaded Thermal Cycling

The thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites squeeze cast during unloaded thermal cycling was determined and analyzed. The study had shown that the thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites reduced greatly with temperature raising. The thermal expansion coefficient of artificial ageing treatment SiCw/Al composites during unloaded thermal cycling reduced gradually, while the thermal expansion coefficient of squeezing SiCw/Al composites increased gradually. In addition, the thermal expansion coefficient of SiCw/Al composites reduced drastically with fiber fraction increasing.     

Fabrication of an electronic package box of SiCP/Al composites with high volume SiCP

In this paper, a SiC_P preform was prepared by Powder Injection Molding (PIM), and the melting aluminum was injected into the SiC_P preform by the pressure infiltration method to manufacture an electronic package box of SiC_P (65%)/Al composites. SiC_P (65%)/Al composite prepared by pressure infiltration has full density and a homogeneous microstructure. The relative density of the composite is higher than 99%, the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of the composite are 8.0×10⁻⁶/K and nearly 130 W/(m · K) at room temperature, respectively, which meet the requirements of electronic packaging. Translated from Journal of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2006, 23(6): 109–113 (in Chinese)     

Effect of alumina particle size and thermal condition of casting on microstructure and mechanical properties of stir cast Al–Al2O3 composites

Abstract

Metal matrix composites are considered as a distinct category of the advanced materials, which have low weight, high strength, high modulus of elasticity, low thermal expansion coefficient and high wear resistance. Among them, Al–Al₂O₃ composites have achieved significant attention due to their desired properties. In the present research, Al–Al₂O₃ composites with 5 vol.-% alumina were produced by stir casting at a temperature of 800°C. Two different particle sizes of alumina were used as 53–63 and 90–105 μm. The microstructure of the samples was evaluated by SEM. In addition, the mechanical properties of the samples were measured, and hence, the optimum temperature and particle size of alumina to be added to the Al matrix were determined. The results demonstrated the positive effect of alumina on improving the properties of Al–Al₂O₃ composites.     

Study on the thermal expansion properties of C/C composites

Two different woven (2D and 3D) carbon/carbon composites (C/C) and a block carbon have been prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The effects of the density and porosity of composites, preform architectures and heat treatment on the thermal expansion properties of the C/C composites were investigated. It is revealed that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of C/C composites is negative below 100 °C, and the CTE values are inversely proportion to its porosity. Comparing with 2D C/C composites, 3D C/C composites have a better thermal stability. Heat treatment can increase the thermal stability of composites by changing interfacial thermal stress. The thermal expansion behavior of C/C composites is considered as the result of interaction between fibers and matrix.     

麦秸秆/聚丙烯发泡复合材料的热稳定性与微观结构

为探讨发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)添加量对麦秸秆/聚丙烯(PP)发泡复合材料的热稳定性、微观结构以及化学结构的影响,采用TG-DSC、FTIR和体视显微镜分析了麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料的热稳定性、化学结构和微观结构,并测定了复合材料的线性膨胀系数、导热系数、表观密度和力学性能。结果表明:AC添加量及其热分解程度均对麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料的热稳定性、泡孔结构和热膨胀性能影响显著;当AC添加量为1.0wt%时,其热分解程度最高,复合材料具有较好的热稳定性,泡孔结构均匀,麦秸秆与基体界面稳定,线性膨胀系数最小。所得结论表明,当AC添加量为1.0wt%时,麦秸秆/PP发泡复合材料具有较好的综合性能。      

Effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide composite

The aim of this article was to investigate the effects of vacuum thermal cycling on mechanical and physical properties of high performance carbon/bismaleimide (BMI) composites used in aerospace. The changes in dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The changes in linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured in directions perpendicular and parallel to the fiber direction, respectively. The outgassing behavior of the composites were examined. The evolution of surface morphology and surface roughness were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Changes in mechanical properties including transverse tensile strength, flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were measured. The results indicated that the vacuum thermal cycling could improve the crosslinking degree and the thermal stability of resin matrix to a certain extent, and induce matrix outgassing and thermal stress, thereby leading to the mass loss and the interfacial debonding of the composite. The degradation in transverse tensile strength was caused by joint effects of the matrix outgassing and the interfacial debonding, while the changes in flexural strength and ILSS were affected by a competing effect between the crosslinking degree of resin matrix and the fiber-matrix debonding.     

高温处理对3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

研究了不同高温处理前后3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀系数(CTE)的变化规律,从材料内部热应力变化及结构改变的角度定性地分析了其变化机理。研究发现,3D C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数受界面热应力的影响,其变化规律是纤维和基体相互限制、相互竞争的结果;高温处理可提高材料的热稳定性,并通过改变界面热应力及材料内部结构,来影响材料热膨胀系数的变化规律;通过增加基体裂纹来降低复合材料的低温热膨胀,但不影响其变化规律;通过改变材料内部结构,使热应力发生变化并重新分布,对复合材料的高温热膨胀产生显著影响。但高温处理没有改变3D C/SiC复合材料的基体裂纹愈合温度(900℃)。      

Effect of ZnO coating of whiskers on thermal expansion properties of aluminium borate whisker reinforced aluminium composites

Abstract

The pure aluminium composites reinforced by ZnO coated aluminium borate whiskers were fabricated by squeeze casting. The microstructure of the composite was observed using an optical microscope and the thermal expansion behaviours of the composites were investigated in the range from 50 to 400°C. In addition, the effects of heat treatment and thermal cycling on the thermal expansion behaviours of the composite were also investigated. The results show that the coefficient of thermal expansion of as cast composites decreases with the ZnO coating content increasing. However, heat treatment time and thermal cycling lead to an increase in the CTE of the composite.     

Effects of thermal cycling on thermal expansionand mechanical properties of SiC fibre-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 composites

Thermal expansion curves for SiC fibre-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 matrix composites (SiC/RBSN) and unreinforced RBSN were measured from 25 to 1400 °C in nitrogen and in oxygen. The effects of fibre/matrix bonding and cycling on the thermal expansion curves and room-temperature tensile properties of unidirectional composites were determined. The measured thermal expansion curves were compared with those predicted from composite theory. Predicted thermal expansion curves parallel to the fibre direction were between the measured curves for the strongly- and weakly-bonded composites, but those normal to the fibre direction for both bonding cases were similar to that of the unreinforced RBSN. Thermal cycling in nitrogen for both bonding cases resulted in no net dimensional changes at room temperature and no loss in tensile properties from the as-fabricated condition. In contrast, thermal cycling in oxygen for both composites caused volume expansion primarily due to internal oxidation of RBSN. Cyclic oxidation affected the mechanical properties of the weakly-bonded SiC/RBSN composites the most, resulting in loss of strain capability beyond matrix fracture and catastrophic, brittle fracture. Increased bonding between the SiC fibre and RBSN matrix due to oxidation of the carbon-rich fibre surface coating and an altered residual stress pattern in the composite due to internal oxidation of the matrix are the main reasons for the poor mechanical performance of these composites. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.