基于正交匹配追踪算法的虚拟内插空间平滑DOA估计

针对正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OMP)算法在实际的波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计应用中,测向分辨率较低且在相干信号环境下估计性能较差的问题,提出了一种虚拟阵列空间平滑DOA估计算法.以互质阵列为模型,通过在正交匹配追踪算法重构信号的基础上,使用虚拟内插的方法,构造均匀虚拟阵列,能够提高波达方向的估计精度,加入空间平滑算法,可以分辨相干信号.仿真结果表明,使用虚拟内插算法之后,空间谱图波峰更尖锐,且在信噪比为0 dB时,最高探测精度提高到2°,测向分辨率明显有所提升,同时加入空间平滑算法,可以有效地分辨相干信号,且在信噪比为0 dB时,最高探测精度提高为4.7°,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于模型稀疏表示的单快拍波达方向鲁棒估计

基于传感器阵列输出模型的稀疏重构,研究了利用单快拍数据进行波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计的问题。考虑到在实际应用中,目标信号个数远小于传感器阵元数,目标信号DOA相对于空间来说也是稀疏的,将传统的传感器阵列输出模型进行稀疏化表示,得到阵列输出数据的稀疏表示模型,研究了一种基于l₁-范数最小化的单快拍DOA估计算法（L1-Min）。该算法将稀疏参数求解问题转化为二阶锥规划（Second-Order Cone Programming,SOCP）问题的一般形式,并在二阶锥规划的框架下求解,同时分析了算法中正则化参数的选取依据。L1-Min算法对小样本、相干多径信号、目标信号角度间隔小等非理想条件都具有较好的鲁棒性。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

双目标相干源窄带信号波达方向估计算法

利用水下目标发出的窄带信号,能够实现目标方向的精确估计。针对均匀线列阵接收水下目标窄带信号的特点,提出一种相干源波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的快速算法。通过精确估计目标信号对应的空间频率,直接计算出单目标或双目标信号的波达方向。对该算法进行了理论推导,通过仿真对算法进行验证,并对影响DOA估计精度的因素进行了分析。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的估计精度,不受信号时间长度的影响,算法计算量小,便于实时处理,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

基于协方差矩阵Toeplitz重构的MUSIC算法的波达方位估计方法

针对传统波达方向（Direction of Arrival, DOA）估计方法通过空间平滑对相干信号进行处理损失阵列孔径的问题，文章提出了一种基于协方差矩阵托普利兹（Toeplitz）矩阵重构的多重信号分类（Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC）算法的波达方位估计方法。该方法首先根据阵列接收数据的协方差矩阵及其翻转矩阵来构造新协方差矩阵，并利用新协方差矩阵构造Toeplitz矩阵，然后对其进行特征值分解，得到Toeplitz矩阵的噪声子空间，利用噪声子空间求出信号空间谱，通过谱峰搜索估计入射信号的方位角。文中方法拓展了阵列孔径，增加了可估计相干信号的数量，提升了方位估计的性能，提高了阵列的空间分辨率。仿真和湖上实验数据处理结果表明，文中方法可估计出更多的相干信号，而且在低信噪比、少快拍以及信号入射角度间隔较小时仍然具有良好的方位估计性能。     

基于独立分量分析的波束空间波达方向估计算法

波束空间变换是波达方向估计算法中重要的预处理方法,该方法适合大阵列、小信号源数的场合,可以有效降低运算量。但是目前存在的波束空间类DOA估计算法大多需要预知信号的大致来向,同时对阵型有要求。为了解决上述问题,提出一种基于独立分量分析的波束空间DOA估计算法,使用独立分量分析方法获得波束形成变换矩阵。该算法对阵型无要求、无需知道信号来向并且具备较强的角度分辨能力。仿真实验验证了有效性。     

声矢量阵列的求根MUSIC算法及其性能分析

在传统声压传感器阵列的求根MUSIC算法的基础上,提出了基于矢量传感器阵列的求根MUSIC算法及其修正形式,通过接收阵列信号的空间谱,选择合适的引导方位,可实现声源的波达方向(DOA)估计.理论推导和仿真实验表明,采用均匀矢量传感器线性阵列的求根MUSIC算法在低信噪比、小快拍数情况下的估计性能要优于传统声压传感器阵列的求根MUSIC算法,同时该算法的计算量远远小于矢量传感器列的MUSIC算法.     

基于稀疏信号功率迭代补偿的矢量传感器阵列DOA估计

针对现有稀疏信号功率迭代算法对方位相近目标分辨概率与估计精度较低问题,提出了一种稀疏信号功率迭代补偿的矢量传感器阵列波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计方法。基于稀疏信号补偿原理和加权协方差矩阵拟合准则,构建了关于稀疏信号功率与补偿权重的目标函数。推导了稀疏信号功率迭代更新表达式的闭式解。通过对稀疏信号功率进行谱峰搜索获得DOA估计值。理论分析表明,所提算法通过对离散网格点上的信号功率进行补偿提高了方位相近目标的分辨率概率与估计精度。仿真结果表明,相较于经典子空间算法与现有稀疏功率迭代算法,所提算法对方位相近目标具有较高的分辨概率与估计精度。     

CSM在基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中的应用

在基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中往往不可避免地遇到结构中多个损伤引起的反射波信号相干问题而对检测精度造成影响。考虑到阵列信号处理中的空间谱估计可以对信号源进行辨别和定位,尤其是在信号的波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计上的优越性,将其应用于基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中以获得准确的结构损伤信息。于是,该文采用空间谱估计中相干信号子空间方法(Coherent Signal Subspace Method, CSM)解决了相干信号问题。以一个损伤结构的仿真分析为例,验证了CSM方法在基于Lamb波的结构损伤检测中处理相干信号的可行性。结果表明,无论是结构损伤和边界反射引起的信号相干或两个结构损伤引起的信号相干,依然可以通过该方法获得准确的结构损伤信息。     

基于流形分离技术的DOA和极化参数联合估计方法

为了实现任意结构的极化敏感阵列对来波信号DOA和极化参数的联合估计,将流形分离技术(Manifold Separation Technique,MST)引入到极化敏感阵列的数据建模.重点研究了两种基于流形分离技术的二维DOA和极化参数的联合估计方法.第一种方法使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)计算空间谱,避免了传统MUSIC方法中的谱峰搜索过程,有效降低了计算量;第二种方法将MST与信号子空间拟合技术结合,能够对任意相关性信号的DOA和极化参数进行联合估计,在信号源完全相干时仍具有良好的性能.两种方法皆适用于任意结构的极化敏感阵列.仿真结果验证了本文算法的有效性.     

双平行线阵的水下二维DOA估计算法

利用集群自主式水下航行器（Autonomous Underwater Vehicles,AUV）进行的水下协同作业的需求越来越多。对于水下集群作业来说,AUV的水下定位非常重要。目前,AUV通常采用声学定位的工作模式,利用长、短基线阵对水下目标的二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）进行估计,但在小型AUV上,基阵的阵列尺寸等受载体体积和换能器尺寸的共同限制,多信源条件下DOA估计的精度不高。设计低功耗平台,采用双平行线阵及传播算子算法来对多源目标进行二维DOA估计,结合通信与声学定位一体化方法,利用高频通信信号作为定位信号源,实现多信源环境中估计角度自动配对,在阵列尺寸受限的小型AUV上布放时,有较好的DOA估计效果。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.