微波辅助制备乙酰化玉米淀粉的理化性能

以玉米淀粉(NCS)为原料,乙酸乙烯酯(VAc)为酰化剂,K2CO3为催化剂,用微波辅助法制备乙酰化玉米淀粉(ACS),用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等手段对其表征,研究了ACS的理化特性,粘附性能和生物降解性。结果表明,ACS的理化性能比NCS有较大的改善:其水合能力增强,溶胀性与糊透明度提高;特性黏度和表观粘度下降,流变性能有所改善;凝沉作用减弱,抗老化性增强。ACS对涤棉纤维的粘附性提高,克服了原淀粉对疏水性合成纤维粘附力不足的缺陷。ACS的BOD5/CODcr比值远高于PVA-205。     

季鏻盐型阳离子淀粉接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以玉米淀粉为原料,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠作为引发剂,丙烯酰胺(AM)和对乙烯基苄基三丁基氯化鳞(VBTBPC)为单体,在水相体系中制备了季磷盐型阳离子淀粉接枝共聚物。研究了丙烯酰胺浓度、单体配比对反应接枝率(G)、接枝效率(E)、产率(Y)的影响,并对接枝共聚物的阳离子度(CD)和单体的反应效率(RE)做了探讨。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对接枝共聚物结构、结晶性和表面形貌分别进行了分析。结果表明,VBTBPC和AM接枝到了淀粉大分子上,其结晶性比淀粉的结晶性弱。保持单体总质量不变,当n_(AM):n_(VBTBPC)的值等于1.5时,接枝共聚物的接枝率和阳离子度达到最大值,分别为98%和0.21。     

辣根过氧化物酶催化改性二元接枝淀粉的制备及性能研究

以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为原料,利用辣根过氧化物酶/乙酰丙酮/过氧化氢(HRP/ACAC/H_2O_2)引发体系制备二元接枝淀粉。研究了接枝反应条件对接枝效果及接枝产物性能的影响。结果表明:AA与MA成功接枝到淀粉上;当反应时间为4h、HRP酶浓度为12U/mL、总单体/淀粉比为4∶6、AA/MA投料摩尔比为3∶7时,淀粉接枝AA/MA效果最佳,接枝率为39.16%,接枝效率为30.26%;经过酶促改性后的淀粉溶液黏度与黏弹性增加,提升了其成膜性;且随着丙烯酸投料比的增加,接枝淀粉的亲水性和断裂强度均提高,而断裂伸长率降低,且接枝产物有一定的抑菌性。     

基于阻尼特性的淀粉流变相接枝改性

对淀粉进行了流变相接枝改性,测定织造区域内经纱表面浆膜温度,分析了PVA共混浆膜及原淀粉共混浆膜的动态力学行为。结果表明:在经纱表面浆膜的温度28.3-35.1℃范围内PVA共混浆膜的阻尼特性优于原淀粉共混浆膜,其储能模量(400-450 MPa)和耗能模量(25-30 MPa)均远大于原淀粉共混浆膜的储能模量(<50 MPa)和耗能模量(<5 MPa);经流变相接枝改性后,接枝淀粉的储能模量和耗能模量分别达到500-520 MPa和35-40 MPa,分别提高了900%和600%。流变相接枝改性改善了原淀粉共混浆膜的阻尼特性,解决了浆膜脆、硬、落浆落物等问题。     

HRP引发酚类与淀粉接枝共聚物的制备及结构性能表征

降解淀粉和酚类在辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)/H2O2的催化作用下进行自由基接枝共聚反应,制备了淀粉和酚类接枝共聚物。研究了淀粉降解程度、酚类单体配比、HRP用量、反应温度和pH对接枝改性淀粉结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明,用α-淀粉酶降解后的淀粉15与12g间苯三酚(PG)和20g对羟基苯磺酸钠(HBS)在5mg HRP/H2O2引发体系下,在30℃及pH值为7.0时反应5h制备的酚类与淀粉接枝共聚物具有较好的性能,其水溶液的表面张力为26.6mN/m,所鞣制皮革收缩温度(Ts)达到了78℃。用FT-IR、1 H NMR、UV-Vis和GPC等方法对产物的化学结构进行了表征。     

淀粉-丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵接枝共聚物的制备与表征

采用过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,将玉米淀粉与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)接枝聚合,制备了一系列分子中含有阳离子季铵基团的淀粉--DAC接枝共聚物.研究了单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对接枝体系阳离子度的影响,探讨了过硫酸铵引发淀粉接枝DAC共聚反应的基本规律.并用FTIR、X-ray和1H-NMR等表征手段对接枝共聚物进行了结构分析.     

聚乳酸接枝淀粉原位固相聚合工艺优化研究

为减少淀粉分子链中的亲水羟基,从而提高其与聚乳酸(PLA)树脂的界面相容性,以玉米淀粉为原料,乳酸为接枝单体,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,通过原位固相聚合法制备得到具有一定疏水性能的聚乳酸接枝淀粉(PLA-g-淀粉)。采用正交试验法研究了单体比例、反应温度和反应时间对PLA-g-淀粉接枝率的影响,通过直观分析和显著性分析优化了原位固相聚合工艺,并对疏水性、分子量及分布、糊化粘度进行了分析。结果表明,PLA-g-淀粉制备的最优工艺条件为单体比例25%、反应温度100℃和反应时间为2 h,在此工艺条件下制得PLA-g-淀粉的接枝率为20.78%。经过原位固相接枝改性后,淀粉的疏水性能得到显著改善,数均分子量(M_n)、重均分子量(M_w)、z均分子量(M_z)和分布指数(DI)都不同程度增大,糊化粘度也相应得到增大。     

淀粉接枝DAC的合成及其絮凝性能研究

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,在水溶液中进行了玉米淀粉(St)接枝丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)的合成.采用正交试验优化了St-g-DAC的合成条件,得到的最佳反应条件为:引发剂的质量为0.15g,St与单体的质量比为1:3,反应温度为55℃.以此制备出St-g-DAC,测得其平均阳离子度为48.34%,接枝率为82.18%.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(NFIR)对淀粉接枝丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(St-g-DAC)的表征表明,DAC已经成功地接枝到淀粉上.比较了St-g-DAC、淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺(St-g-AM)、商品聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对粘土配水和生活污水的絮凝效果,研究表明,St-g-DAC对粘土配水和生活污水的絮凝性能较其余两种絮凝剂更强.     

淀粉丙烯酰化对ALS-g-PMA接枝效率及膜性能的影响

在淀粉与丙烯酸甲酯(MA)接枝共聚合反应前,通过对淀粉进行丙烯酰化预处理,以提高接枝共聚合反应的接枝效率,同时探究了这种预处理方法对于淀粉膜力学性能及淀粉对聚酯纤维粘合性能的影响。结果表明,当丙烯酰氧基淀粉(ALS)的取代度在0.005～0.036范围内时,接枝共聚合反应的接枝效率提高了10%～27%,淀粉膜的力学性能及接枝淀粉对聚酯纤维的粘合性能也随之获得明显改善。综合考虑实验结果后,ALS的取代度应以0.012～0.022为宜。     

季铵阳离子型接枝淀粉的制备及对纤维的粘合性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过改变3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵(ATC)对酸解淀粉(ATS)的质量比,制备一系列不同接枝率的3-丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵接枝淀粉(S-g-PATC)。研究了S-g-PATC的接枝参数、浆液黏度特性和对纤维的粘合性能,结果表明,随着单体加入量的增加,S-g-PATC的接枝率逐渐增大,接枝效率逐渐减小;当S-g-PATC的接枝率在2. 8%~10. 6%范围内,随着接枝率的增加,S-g-PATC的浆液黏度逐渐增大,对涤纶纤维、棉纤维的粘合性能逐渐增大,S-g-PATC能提高对涤纶纤维、棉纤维的粘合性能。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.