激光溅射沉积后硒化制备CIGS薄膜

采用脉冲激光溅射沉积法( PLD)制备了Cu - In - Ga双层预制膜,通过固态源硒化后热处理的方法获得了CuInl - xGaxSe2(CIGS)薄膜,研究制备预制膜的工艺参数以及热处理温度对CIGS薄膜特性的影响.采用台阶仪、SEM、EDS、XRD和紫外分光光度计研究了薄膜的厚度、表面形貌、成分、物相结构以及光...     

锂磷氧氮电解质薄膜制备与性能研究

首次采用355nm脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在N2压强26.6Pa、激光能量密度15J/cm2、靶-基片距离5cm、基片温度为室温条件下制备了室温离子电导率为1.6×10-6S/cm、厚度均匀、无针孔、无裂缝的非晶态LiPON电解质薄膜。考察了反应气氛压强、激光能量密度对LiPON薄膜电化学性能的影响,并利用台阶仪、XPS、EDX、SEM等分析方法对薄膜进行表征。     

PLD法制备BiFeO3薄膜及其性能研究

采用快速等离子烧结法(SPS)制得纯相BiFeO3靶材,利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法将其沉积在Si(100)衬底上,制得BiFeO3薄膜。通过调节各种工艺参数,在沉积温度650℃,氧压2Pa,靶基距5cm,脉冲激光频率7Hz、激光能量350mJ条件下获得了高择优取向、高结晶度的BiFeO3薄膜。在此工艺条件下,又制备了不同厚度的BiFeO3薄膜。用XRD、SEM等手段对薄膜相和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,制备的薄膜有较高的形貌质量,薄膜的铁电、铁磁性能呈现出与厚度的强相关性;其中300nm厚的薄膜质量最好。     

沉积条件对LiCoO2薄膜结构与形貌的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法制备了LiCoO2薄膜,并研究了沉积条件对PLD生长的LiCoO2薄膜结构和形貌的影响.结果表明,适当减少激光功率可以有效降低LiCoO2薄膜表面粗糙度;采用在400℃原位退火可以得到层状结构的LiCoO2薄膜,而在一定范围内提高原位退火温度和升高氧气偏压可以提高层状结构的LiCoO2薄膜的结晶度.本实验中最优工艺制备的LiCoO2薄膜具有较好电化学可逆性,首次放电容量为36μAh/(μm·cm2),循环效率为94.44%.     

光诱导液相沉积Ni/Cu应用于晶硅电池栅线的制备

采用光诱导液相沉积(LIP)的方法制备了Ni、Cu薄膜,并进一步讨论了沉积温度等相关因素对薄膜成分与形貌的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、四探针测试仪等分别对薄膜的成分、形貌、电阻率、非均匀性等进行表征。结果显示,制备的Cu膜电阻率为1.87×10-8Ω·m,非均匀性为2.64%。此外,将制备的Ni/Cu工艺应用于制备晶硅电池的栅线电极,用I-V测试仪测试电池参数,填充因子高达77.8%。     

脉冲激光气相沉积技术现状与进展

介绍了脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)制备薄膜技术的原理、特点和这一研究领域的现状，着重介绍了脉冲激光沉积薄膜技术的研究动态和进展情况。大量研究表明，脉冲激光沉积法是一种最好的制备薄膜的方法之一。     

脉冲激光沉积有机薄膜

脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术是一门新兴的薄膜制备技术,在无机薄膜的制备和研究方面取得了令人满意的成果,技术也比较成熟.但利用脉冲激光沉积技术制备和研究有机膜方面的工作开展较晚,工作也比较少,尚未形成一个比较系统的体系.因此开展有机薄膜的脉冲激光沉积研究将具有重要的意义.     

电沉积铁镍纳米合金薄膜的结构和性能研究

采用电沉积方法从硫酸盐体系镀液中沉积得到Fe18Ni82合金薄膜.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及磁测量设备分别对薄膜的表面形貌、显微结构和磁性能进行表征和测量.同时利用万能材料试验机和显微硬度计测量了薄膜的力学性能.结果表明:电沉积制备的Fe18Ni82合金薄膜成分均匀,表面平整、光亮、致密,晶粒大小为40～50 nm.薄膜是以Ni为溶剂原子,Fe为溶质原子的置换型固溶体,只存在单一的fcc相,Fei8Ni82合金薄膜沿(111)面有较强的择优取向.镀态Fei8Ni82合金薄膜在50 Hz交流磁场下,测得其饱和磁感应强度为1.08 T,最低矫顽力为20 A/m.19 μm厚的纳米晶薄膜的断裂应力达到785MPa,显微硬度达到605Hv.     

利用电沉积Ni纳米晶制备无缠绕阵列碳纳米管

以金属Cu基板上脉冲电沉积Ni纳米晶薄膜作为催化剂,在乙醇火焰中制备了直立、无缠绕阵列碳纳米管.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和激光拉曼谱仪(Raman)对不同工艺制备的Ni纳米晶薄膜和阵列碳纳米管的形貌进行了表征.结果表明:通过综合控制脉冲电沉积参数、电沉积时间和火焰中的合成时间,可以获得大面积、密集、均匀、直立、无缠绕、形态良好、重复性高的阵列碳纳米管.脉冲电沉积Ni纳米晶和合成无缠绕阵列碳纳米管的最佳工艺条件是:脉冲电沉积正、负脉冲的工作频率为154Hz、占空比为38.5%、电沉积时间为1min、基板预热至600℃、火焰中停留1min.通过对生长机理的研究发现:当电沉积时间较短时,获得的Ni纳米晶薄膜较薄,具有较高的局域粗糙程度和催化活性,有利于碳纳米管的同时大面积"拥挤生长"形成阵列结构;另外,通过调整脉冲电沉积参数,可以控制Ni纳米晶的大小,从而控制碳纳米管的长径比,当长径比较小时即可获得无缠绕的阵列碳纳米管.     

脉冲激光沉积生长单相的Nd_(1.85)Ce_(0.15)CuO_4薄膜及其激光感生热电电压效应

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,在SrTiO3单晶衬底表面外延生长单相的1.85 Ce0.15 CuO4(NCCO)薄膜,并首次在斜切衬底上生长的NCCO薄膜中探测到激光感生热电电压(LITV)信号.实验研究表明,在低沉积温度、高沉积氧压和较大的激光脉冲重复频率下生长的NCCO薄膜中存在Nd1-xCexO<<1.75>,(NCO)杂相,是由于衬底表面吸附粒子扩散迁移困难所致;而高温下真空退火导致杂相的产生,则与NCCO的结构相变引起的热分解有关.通过提高沉积温度、降低沉积氧压和激光脉冲重复频率、并采用低温(T≤800℃)真空退火的方式,可以抑制杂相的形成.制备得到的单相的NCCO外延薄膜是一种新型的原子层热电堆材料,能量为1mJ的紫外脉冲激光的辐照,可以在倾斜的NCCO薄膜中诱导产生0.8V的LITV信号.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.