基于有机形态的包装容器造型设计研究

目的研究基于有机形态的包装容器造型设计。方法通通过有机形态概念以及有机形态包装容器的特点分析,研究了进行有机形态容器造型设计的方法,可利用形态的有机过渡、融合、仿生,形状的拉伸、膨胀与流动来进行设计。结论为有机形态在包装容器中的运用提供更多的技巧,使包装容器展现出有机形态灵动的生命力。     

包装容器设计中的形态语义学

在包装容器设计中,应用形态语义学可通过包装容器外部所表现出的语言含义或意义,揭示包装形态的内在本质,并设计出更加人性化和更富趣味性的产品包装。使用形态语言设计的艺术是一种形态的修辞,这种修辞包括隐喻、换喻、提喻及讽喻4种方法。     

面向品牌识别的包装容器造型方法

目的以容器形态增强品牌识别度、提升品牌价值。方法提出了以受众感知和品牌特征引导容器造型的思路。首先,在对容器设计的现状及其与品牌感知关系分析基础上,提出以受众的认知原型引导容器设计的概念立意、要素提炼和形态组织;然后,联系品牌基因以头脑风暴进行概念细化,生成备选方案;最后,以设计实例对该方法的可用性进行验证。结论包装容器是外化品牌内涵的载体,其应成为强化品牌识别、提升品牌价值的有益部分;概念设计阶段以受众感知原型和品牌特征为容器造型推衍起点,可促进设计编码与受众解码的协调;方案细化时,容器的形态、色调和材质须与外包装相适配,方能实现以容器强化品牌识别的目标。     

葫芦容器生态包装设计探析

目的 研究葫芦容器作为生态材料在包装设计中的运用.方法 从葫芦容器的渊源和表现形式两个方面探究,明晰了葫芦作为容器就具备存放盛装、便利实用的包装功能.分析和探讨葫芦作为包装容器的优势,体现在葫芦材质、葫芦造型、葫芦工艺方面,归纳总结出葫芦是现成的生态包装容器,材质安全无害易降解,自然培育无环境破坏压力,符合绿色环保要求.结论 结合实践设计提出葫芦容器的生态化、形态化、功能性的设计延伸再利用,以及葫芦容器的产业化生产的可行性探讨,以期使葫芦容器得到传承与推广.     

碎时间思维模式下药品包装容器的人性化设计

目的对药品包装容器的人性化设计进行分析。方法以碎片化时代语境下的思维模式为基础,挖掘碎时间思维的情感及社会维度,并分析人性化设计中"人—产品—社会"的关系模型和人性化设计体系模型,进而论述药品包装容器的人性化设计模型。结论通过对碎片化时代的思维特征、行为方式和网络社会文化等多个角度的论述,提出产品人性化设计的本质为分享与赋权;通过对设计实例的阐释,得出碎时间思维模式下药品包装容器的发展趋势。     

老龄患者药品包装设计

目的研究便于老年人开启和使用的药品包装容器造型与结构设计。方法通过对比老龄患者在使用市面上药品包装容器的不便,改进药品包装的视觉要素和容器结构,使用Auto CAD软件和Solidworks软件进行药品包装容器造型与结构的设计和生产工艺设计。结论老龄患者药品包装要从容易开启,方便取药和容易生产的角度进行设计,切实为老龄患者设计出人性化药品包装。设计出一款安全卫生、外形美观、实用性强、结构设计合理的药品包装容器,方便药品定剂量取出。在生产工艺上采用注塑成型工艺进行局部成型,然后再进行装配的方法进行生产。     

雕塑艺术在现代包装容器设计中的应用与发展

目的探究雕塑艺术在现代包装容器设计中的应用与发展。方法结合雕塑艺术的特点总结其应用于包装容器设计时必须遵循的几项基本原则,从酒容器设计和香水容器设计两方面论述具体的应用方式及实例。结论在现代包装容器设计中,雕塑艺术的形式、色彩与文化内涵都是其源源不断的灵感来源,巧妙借鉴这一艺术形式能使现代包装容器设计的文化底蕴更加浓厚,发展空间更加广阔。     

包装容器的自然形态仿生设计

目的对市面上流通的包装容器造型进行分析。方法以仿生设计中的形态仿生设计理论和方法为基础,从包装容器设计的角度解读自然形态的美感。结论根据包装容器造型与自然形态之间的关系以及设计过程中所包含的创新成分的多少,总结归纳出具象、抽象、意象3种常见的自然形态仿生设计方法。论述了在消费者需求、商品特征、品牌形象、设计师风格、民族历史文化等因素的影响下,仿生设计方法的具体应用,并通过典型案例进行了详细的阐述。     

中国传统容器设计的几何解读及启示

以若干代表性的中国传统金属容器设计为例,以金伯利.伊拉姆关于设计几何中比例与构成的研究理论为启示,运用设计几何的原理分析了中国传统金属容器的造型特点,论述并且归纳中国传统容器造型的设计规律。在此基础上,探讨了传统容器设计形式对现代商业包装容器设计的借鉴意义,提出了现代商业包装容器设计的基本要义。     

包装容器造型设计中仿生形态的应用研究

在包装设计中,包装容器造型设计十分关键,直接影响包装的整体视觉效果。将仿生形态应用到包装容器造型设计中是包装容器设计的一大进步,此种改进不仅能够很好地增强包装容器的自然感,还能够促进为消费者带来情感上的享受。本文主要针对仿生形态在包装容器造型设计中的应用进行了研究。     

小家电消毒类产品研发中人性化设计的应用研究

目的 将臭氧消毒的方式应用到普通家庭,对家用臭氧消毒餐具盒进行人性化设计研究。方法 以人性化设计理论为基础,以“人—机—环境”为分析模型,通过对家庭使用者的生理习惯和心理需求进行分析,提出将臭氧消毒的方式运用在存放餐具的容器中,从而设计一款符合人性化需求的臭氧消毒餐具盒。结论 运用人性化设计理论进行分析,可以得出当今大部分家庭对于厨房消毒产品的使用需求是高效利用空间,操作简便易用和功能垂直深化。创新设计出家用臭氧消毒餐具盒以满足市场需求,旨在以改变研究方法和设计探索为传统型白色家电企业寻求产品升级转型的方向,改变低价跑量的销售模式,在红海市场中寻求产业升级的突破口,开辟红海中的蓝海。     

Calculation of impact loads for high energy drops of cylindrical containers

The regulatory criteria for containers that are used to transport radioactive materials require that the container maintain structural integrity for an accidental drop of up to 30 ft onto a non-yielding surface. Storage containers for radioactive materials are also designed for accidental drops, usually of lesser heights. The design of these containers generally requires a determination of the peak magnitude of the impact force acting on the container. This paper presents an analytical solution that can be used to estimate the primary impact forces for cylindrical containers. Equations are derived for essentially all drop orientations.     

The interaction of test methods and failure criteria

A specific example is given in which test methods influence the ability of a component to meet a failure criterion. The example is for self-pressurized products such as aerosol containers. The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates aerosol containers with respect to acceptable temperatures and pressures of their contents as well as the minimum burst pressures of the containers. Experiments have shown that the burst pressures of the containers are a function of the test methods used to measure the burst pressures. The paper also presents a method to determine the temperature at which a two-piece aerosol container burst, provided that the bottom of the container can be found and it is not severely deformed by impact. While focusing on the specific examples of aerosols, the broader issue is the relationship between test methods and the results achieved, with the ultimate goal of safer engineering outcomes. The nature of various test methods and their relationships to how a mechanical system is likely to stop functioning properly and safely are also discussed. Aerosols present an interesting case study because they involve several disciplines and concepts and are very familiar to most people.     

Effect of discrete batch WIP transfer on the efficiency of production lines

In this paper, the effect of discrete batch transfer of WIP between workstations on the efficiency of asynchronous production lines is analysed via a simulation model. The processing times are assumed to be random variables distributed according to specific distribution functions. The WIP transfer design problem involves determining the number of containers to allocate to each buffer location and the container capacity. Interesting and valuable information for practitioners has been obtained. It is found that loss in capacity occurs in the first few stations. Another finding is that an important portion of the lost capacity can be regained by allocating two containers to each buffer location, and if it is impossible to assign two containers to each location, then no single-container location should be adjacent to another single-container location.     

包装容器形态仿生设计

通过例子分析了仿生设计与包装容器形态之间的密切关系,从具象形态仿生设计和抽象形态仿生设计2个方面,对包装容器形态仿生设计在包装中的应用进行了分析和探讨,以达到创新设计的目的,真正做到实用与审美的统一.指出包装设计中的仿生设计极大地丰富了包装设计的设计方法,赋予了产品鲜明的个性形象,并提升了包装的魅力.     

不同包装容器对劲酒品质的影响

目的 研究包装容器对酒体品质的影响因素,为劲酒包装容器的选择提供科学的数据支撑。方法 采用光学透过率测试仪对不同包装容器的透光率进行了测定,并对贮存2年的劲酒的总黄酮含量、总皂苷含量、色率、淫羊藿苷含量、口感进行分析,数据分析的方法为随机区组设计资料的方差分析。结果 无色玻璃瓶、PET瓶透光率高达90%以上,深色瓶、涂漆瓶、陶瓷瓶、不锈钢瓶透光率均极小。总体来说高硼硅玻璃瓶和PET瓶储存的劲酒均有不同程度的颜色变浅,总黄酮、总皂苷含量降低,口感变差,其他容器储存的酒体之间没有明显差异,且它的总体品质要高于高硼硅玻璃瓶和PET瓶储存酒体的总体品质。结论 包装容器的透光性会对劲酒的品质产生影响,避光包装容器可能更适合劲酒的储存,避光容器的材质和形状对劲酒品质基本没有影响;对于透光性容器,容器形状可能影响劲酒品质,相较于圆柱型的包装容器,扁平型的可能更能保护劲酒品质。     

An effective heuristic for scheduling a yard crane to handle jobs with different ready times

In land-constrained port container terminals, yard cranes are commonly used for handling containers in a container yard to load containers onto or unload containers from trucks. However, yard cranes are bulky, slow and need to move frequently between their work locations. As it is common that the container flow in a terminal is bottlenecked by yard crane operations, effective work schedules of yard cranes are needed to increase the terminal’s throughput. This article studies the problem of scheduling a yard crane to perform a given set of container handling jobs with different ready times. The objective is to minimize the sum of job waiting times. It is noted that the scheduling problem is NP-complete. This research develops a heuristic to solve the scheduling problem and an algorithm to find lower bounds for benchmarking the schedules found by the heuristic. The performance of the heuristic is evaluated by a set of test problems generated on the basis of real-life terminal operations data. Indeed, the computational results show that the proposed heuristic can find effective solutions for the scheduling problem.     

Permeation Through Plastic Dangerous Goods Packaging During Transport in Freight Containers – Detection of Potentially Explosive Mixtures in Containers Under Normal Conditions of Carriage

The key point within the scope of this research project was to find out whether there was a risk of creating an explosive atmosphere by permeation of flammable liquid compounds during transport of dangerous goods in freight containers under normal conditions of carriage. Therefore, all aspects that had an influence on the formation of such an atmosphere had to be considered. The most important influencing factors were permeation, air change in the freight container and ambient temperature. The first step was to investigate the permeation with different packaging materials, charge and temperatures. Furthermore, the air change rates of different freight containers were measured. A few climate tests with containers on ships, e.g. to Singapore, were performed to assess normal conditions of carriage. Another important point was measuring the solvent (toluene) concentration in the gas phase in a freight container loaded with plastic intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) filled with toluene. To confirm that the measured values were in the right range, the toluene concentration in the gas phase in a container was calculated with different packaging materials, air change rates and temperatures. The results of the measurements and calculations have shown that safety layers in the packaging wall, e.g. the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide, can reduce the rate of permeation by more than a decimal power, but the lower explosive limit of toluene is easily reached within a few hours at 40°C charge temperature if there is no barrier. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.