翅片管式换热器百叶窗结构参数优化

针对小管径(7 mm)翅片管式换热器建立数值仿真模型，分析百叶窗片数和百叶窗开窗角度对空气侧传热因子j和摩擦因子f的影响。选择一款符合设计需求的新型翅片(单个圆管附近6片百叶窗，28°开窗角度),并对样品进行试验验证。结果表明，在干工况下，采用新型翅片的翅片管式换热器的流动特性和传热特性与现有翅片管式换热器趋势一致，且摩擦因子仿真值相对于测试值的误差小于15%,传热因子误差小于20%。     

百叶窗翅片管式换热器换热性能分析

针对市场上常用的百叶窗翅片管式换热器,为了确定翅片密度、管排数以及进口空气相对湿度对空气侧特性的影响,对6种结构参数的换热器进行试验研究,采用无量纲化的传热因子和摩擦因子分别衡量空气侧的换热和压降特性。结果表明,翅片密度越大,传热因子越小,翅片密度对摩擦因子的影响在空气干、湿工况下有所不同;管排数越多,传热因子越大,摩擦因子越小;传热因子和摩擦因子均随进口空气相对湿度的增大而增大。     

空气侧结构对多元微通道平行流冷凝器传热流动性能的影响

建立了多元微通道平行流冷凝器的稳态分布参数模型,与实验对比验证了模型的正确性。利用所建立的模型,研究了翅片高度、翅片间距、百叶窗开窗间距、百叶窗开窗角度变化对多元微通道平行流冷凝器传热和流动性能的影响。结果表明,随着翅片高度的增大,换热量逐渐增大,空气侧压降逐渐减小;随着翅片间距或者百叶窗开窗间距的增大,换热量和空气侧压降都是逐渐减小;随着百叶窗开窗角度的增大,换热量和空气侧压降都是逐渐增大。     

平行流冷凝器百叶窗翅片结构优化

建立平行流冷凝器百叶窗翅片的三维流动和换热模型,并对不同迎面风速下百叶窗翅片的流动和换热性能进行数值模拟,计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,验证计算模型和方法的正确性。在此基础上,建立8种结构形式的百叶窗翅片模型,并对其空气侧的换热和流动过程进行仿真,分析结构形式和排列方式对百叶窗翅片换热量和空气阻力的影响,结果表明:增加开窗区域数能够有效提高翅片的换热性能,增加百叶窗的转向区数目能够有效降低进出口的压降。     

微通道冷凝器空气侧性能的实验研究

对13个微通道冷凝器空气侧性能进行实验研究,分析空气侧换热系数和压降与迎面空气流速、翅片片距、百叶窗翅片开窗数、扁管宽度及扁管高度之间的关系,并将实验值与3个不同的百叶窗翅片换热及压降关联式的预测值进行比较。结果表明：翅片片距和扁管宽度对空气侧性能影响较大,3个关联式中Kim—Bullard关联式预测偏差相对最小,换热系数的预测偏差在0～-30％以内,摩擦系数的偏差在±20％偏差范围内。最后基于已有实验数据,对KimBullard关联式进行重新拟合。     

家用空调器中平行流冷凝器翅片参数对空气侧传热流动性能的影响

为了推广平行流冷凝器在家用空调器中的应用,根据经验传热及压降关联式,采用数值模拟的方法,研究家用空调器中平行流冷凝器翅片参数对其空气侧传热流动性能的影响规律.结果表明:适当减小平行流冷凝器的翅片高度和翅片间距,可提高其换热系数、增加压降,保证其换热性能变化较小.     

百叶窗翅片的传热与阻力性能试验关联式

在风洞试验台上对20种不同结构参数的扁管百叶窗翅片进行了传热和流动阻力性能试验，分析比较了翅片间距和翅片高度对其表面对流换热系数和空气阻力性能的影响。同时通过对20种不同结构参数百叶窗翅片的336个试验数据点进行多元回归和F显著性检验，获得了j因子和f因子的经验关联式。在ReLp=200～3000范围内，j和f因子经验关联式拟合的最大误差范围分别为±10％和±12％，绝对平均偏差分别为4．1％和5．6％。     

微通道换热器非对称式百叶窗翅片性能研究

针对汽车热泵空调中最常用的传统对称式百叶窗翅片换热器存在的换热不均匀、风阻较高问题,本文提出6种非对称式百叶窗翅片结构。采用STAR-CCM+软件对非对称式百叶窗翅片结构进行数值模拟,研究对应的4种工况下的换热器内部温度场和压力场的变化特性,并计算得出各个翅片的传热因子j和阻力因子f曲线。研究结果表明：尽管新型非对称式百叶窗翅片B3组的换热量稍有下降,但对风阻的降低效果显著,在气流进口速度为4.5 m/s时,阻力因子f减小31.9%,且整个翅片的换热更加均匀,在整个翅片上不存在换热明显集中的部位。对新型翅片进行实验研究的结果表明,实验结果和仿真结果的误差集中在10%以下。     

基于表面及迎风面改性的锯齿翅片强化传热研究

为了在提高锯齿型翅片散热器换热性能的同时尽量控制压降损失的增大，本文采用数值模拟的方法对锯齿型翅片性能进行研究，分析了不同翅片表面、迎风面结构及尺寸参数对传热Nu、流动压降损失Δp以及综合性能η的影响规律。结果表明：无论翅片表面设置何种形状凹槽和凸起对传热的影响差异较小，但圆形凹槽和凸起对压降损失的增加最少，综合性能最优。在翅片表面设置圆形凹槽和凸起的基础上继续将翅片两端迎风面改为圆形，可使传热提高的同时减小压降损失，综合性能最多提高12.2%。圆形凹槽和凸起尺寸R=0.15 mm时，传热和压降损失的平衡达到最佳，与传统锯齿型翅片相比，平均压降损失基本不变，传热和综合性能平均提高均为8.7%。     

翅片结构参数显著性影响分析及最优化

建立百叶窗式热交换器空气侧三维稳态对流换热数学模型,对不同几何特征参数的百叶窗式翅片进行了流动和换热数值模拟,采用j因子、f因子和JF因子分别对传热效率、流动性能以及综合性能进行评价。研究发现,百叶窗翅片的几何特征参数中百叶窗角度θ、百叶窗间距Lp、翅片间距Fp、翅片厚度δ、对流动换热性能影响程度较大,选取这四个因素进行正交试验,得出翅片的最优结构参数。最优模型与基础模型相比,f因子降低了7.7%,j因子的值增幅为11.3%,JF综合评价因子的值增幅达到14.1%,表明优化后的翅片结构可以在压损增加较小的前提下有效的提升换热性能。     

Heat transfer analysis of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with flat and louvered fin geometries

This paper analyzes the fluid flow and heat exchange on the air side of a multi-row fin-and-tube heat exchanger. A comparison is given between fin-and-tube heat exchanger characteristics with flat and louvered fins in a wider range of operating conditions defined by Reynolds number (based on fin spacing and air frontal velocities). The detailed representation of calculated data for the louvered heat exchanger shows significantly better heat transfer characteristics and a slightly higher pressure drop. The CFD procedure was validated by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results showing the minimal average Nusselt number deviation and an almost perfectly corresponding pressure drop.     

多元平行流冷凝器传热流动性能研究

平行流冷凝器空气侧采用间断型扩展表面的波纹型百叶窗翅片,制冷剂侧采用小水力直径的非圆截面微通道多孔铝制扁管,选用适合于该微尺度强化换热结构的传热和压降关联式,对某规格的平行流冷凝器建立数学模型并在一定工况下进行数值模拟.结果分析表明,制冷剂在非圆截面微通道内的冷凝过程中,表面张力对表面传热系数的强化效果明显;通过改变流程数和各流程管数来改变冷凝过程中的流通截面而达到调整流速的作用,从而可以保持较高的冷凝换热系数和较低的流动压降,与常规换热器相比具有显著的优越性.     

Experimental investigation of adverse effect of frost formation on microchannel evaporators,part 1: Effect of fin geometry and environmental effects

This study experimentally investigated the frost growth on louvered folded fins in microchannel heat exchangers when used in outdoor air-source heat pump systems. The effects of surface temperature, fin geometries, and air environmental conditions were studied. The overall aim was to isolate and quantify the effect of geometry from surface temperature effects. Experimental data of frost weight, local frost thickness, air pressure drop across the coils, time of frost–defrost cycles and heat transfer rates were recorded. Data showed that the frosting time and the frost growth rates depended mainly on the local fin surface temperature. Lower fin density was beneficial because it delayed the blockage of the air flow. The fin length and fin depth had minor effects on frosting performance. The air humidity had a fairly significant effect on rate of frost formation while air velocity seemed to have a small effect on the frost growth rate.     

小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器的数值模拟

对小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器空气侧的流动与传热特性进行数值模拟,对影响其换热性能的2个主要参数椭圆管偏心率和开缝翅片开缝错列高度分布进行优化,与传统管翅式换热器换热性能进行比较。模拟结果表明:当椭圆管两轴之比Rx:Ry=2:3(偏心率),开缝高度分布为0.8 mm,0.6 mm和0.4 mm时,换热效果最好。与传统管翅式换热器相比,小管径椭圆管开缝翅片换热器换热系数提高10%~20%,而压降几乎相等,总体换热性能提高。     

Experimental investigation of the surface temperature and water retention effects on the frosting performance of a compact microchannel heat exchanger for heat pump systems

Frost formation on a louvered fin microchannel heat exchanger was experimentally investigated in this paper with the aim of determining the dominant factors affecting the time of frosting and frost growth rate. A novel methodology was developed to measure frost thickness and frost weight at intervals during the frosting period. Frost mass and thickness growth rates, corresponding coil heat transfer, capacity degradations and air pressure drop are measured and discussed. The experimental data showed that at a given air dry bulb temperature, the fin surface temperature and air humidity are the primary parameters that influence the frost growth rates. Water retention and air velocity had a secondary impact on the frosting performance. From digital images of the frost growth it was observed that frost does not nucleate from the water droplets retained in between fins but it developed from the leading edges of the fins.     

干盘管用平行流换热器翅片参数对空气侧换热系数及压降的影响

为了使平行流换热器在干盘管中得到推广应用,本文根据传热及压降关联式,采用数值模拟计算的方法,研究了干盘管用平行流换热器翅片参数对其空气侧换热性能及压降的影响,为干盘管用平行流换热器的设计提供参考依据。     

电动汽车热泵空调冷凝器空气侧性能模拟与结构优化

电动汽车热泵空调是用于解决电动汽车冬季无法制热的问题,本文设计一种用于电动汽车热泵空调的新型平行流换热器。通过对换热器的冷凝工况进行数值模拟,得到不同入口速度条件下的换热及阻力特性,并与经验公式进行比较,验证数值模拟的正确性。分析不同的翅片倾斜角度及翅片间距下换热及阻力特性变化,得到优化的结构参数,为电动汽车热泵空调换热器设计提供依据。     

水-空气翅片管换热器实验研究与数值模拟

通过对翅片管式换热器的设计和实验研究，得出了该换热器的性能曲线，此外还对换热器内部流场和温度场进行了三维数值模拟计算。从实验和模拟结果分析可知，实验所得传热因子j较模拟结果有12％范围内的减小，而阻力因子，有4％～16％的增大；翅片间距和管排密集度对翅片管换热器性能影响很大，减小翅片间距和增大管排密集度均能增强换热器的换热效果，但压力损失也明显增加。     

An experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction losses of interrupted and wavy fins for fin-and-tube heat exchangers

The present paper discusses the results of an extensive investigation about the performance of various fin configurations, carried out in the Luve Contardo experimental facilities and aimed to enhance the heat transfer capabilities of air-cooled condensers and liquid coolers. Test results here discussed are relative to 15 coil prototypes, having the same tube and fin geometry (25×21.65 mm staggered 5/8” tube banks, 2 mm fin spacing) but different fin surface geometry, from flat to wavy to louvered to “winglet”. Different rates of heat transfer and pressure loss enhancement were obtained, also depending on the quality of the pressing process. General approaches to evaluate the “goodness” of one fin design with respect to another one provided questionable results: pressure loss influence on the air flow cannot be properly evaluated unless the actual fan head curve and the coil dimensions (front area and rows number) are stipulated. The performance of air-cooled condensers was therefore predicted and compared, for various fin design and for coil arrangements of practical interest. The type of fin adopted strongly influences the heat exchanger performance and louvered fins generally provide the best results.     

整体翅片式微通道换热器的数值模拟

采用CFD数值模拟的方法,对整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧的流动与传热特性进行研究,用场协同的原理分析翅片参数(长度、高度、间距)对换热器性能的影响,并与传统微通道换热器空气侧性能进行对比。结果表明:在考查的翅片尺寸范围内,随着翅片长度的缩短、高度的增加、间距的减小,温度场和速度场的协同性随之改善,有利于换热效果的提高;与传统的微通道换热器相比,整体翅片式微通道换热器空气侧换热性能变差,但是阻力大大降低,总体性能有所改善。